BAB 6

ARITMATIKA SOSIAL

A. Menghitung Nilai Keseluruhan, Nilai Per Unit, dan Nilai Sebagian

Contoh:
Seorang pedagang buah membeli 12 buah durian. Ia membayar dengan 3 lembar uang seratus ribuan dan mendapat
uang kembalian sebesar Rp 30.000,00. Tentukan:
a. Harga pembelian seluruhnya
b. Harga pembelian tiap buah
c. Jika pedagang tersebut hanya membeli 8 buah durian, berapakah ia harus membayar?

Jawab:
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B. Harga Pembelian, Harga Penjualan, Untung dan Rugi

 Harga beli (modal) adalah harga barang dari pabrik, grosir atau tempat lainnya.
 Harga jual adalah harga barang yang ditetapkan oleh pedagang kepada pembeli.
 Untung (laba) = harga penjualan – harga pembelian
 Rugi = harga pembelian – harga penjualan

Contoh:
 Seorang pedagang membeli jeruk sebanyak 40 kg dengan harga Rp 6.500,00 per kg. Kemudian 30 kg dijual
dengan harga Rp 7.000,00 per kg, dan sisanya dijual dengan harga Rp 6.000,00 per kg. Hitunglah:
a. Harga pembelian
b. Harga penjualan
c. Besarnya untung atau rugi dari hasil penjualan tersebut.

Jawab:

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 Seorang pedagang mempunyai modal Rp 500.000,00. Uang itu ia gunakan untuk membeli dua lusin pakaian
anka. Jika pedagang tersebut menjual pakaian anak dengan harga Rp 20.500,00 per buah, untung atau rugikah
pedagang tersebut?

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 Persentase Untung dan Rugi

𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔
% 𝑈𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 = × 100%
ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛

𝑅𝑢𝑔𝑖
% 𝑅𝑢𝑔𝑖 = × 100%
ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛
 Contoh:
 Seorang pedagang membeli 1 kuintal beras dengan harga Rp 6.000,00 per kg. Pedagang itu menjual beras tersebut
dan memperoleh uang sebanyak Rp 620.000,00. Tentukan persentasen untung atau rugi pedagang itu.

Jawab:
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 Seorang pedagang menjual suatu barang dengan harga Rp 210.000,00 dan mendapat untung 5 % dari harga beli.
Tentukan harga beli barang tersebut.

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C. Rabat, Bruto, Tara, Neto

1. Rabat
Rabat (diskon) adalah potongan harga

Contoh:
Seseorang membeli baju di Toko Anugerah seharga Rp 85.000,00. Toko tersebut memberikan diskon 20%
untuk pembelian. Berapakah uang yang harus ia bayar.

Jawab:
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2. Bruto, Tara dan Neto

 Bruto = Berat Kotor
 Neto = Berat Bersih
 Tara = Bruto – Neto

Contoh:
 Ibu membeli 5 kaleng susu. Disetiap kaleng itu tertulis neto 1 kg. Setelah ditimbang ternyata berat seluruh
kaleng susu tersebut 6 kg. Berapakah bruto dan tara setiap kaleng?

Jawab:

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 Koperasi Usaha Tani membeli pupuk sebanyak 10 karung dengan bruto 7 kuintal. Setiap karung pupuk
mempunyai berat yang sama. Jika taranya 3%, tentukan neto setiap karung pupuk.

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