Bahan Ajar Entomologi ini merupakan salah satu referensi penunjang bagi

mahasiswa dalam mengikuti perkuliahan Entomologi. Bahan Ajar Entomologi ini berisikan
kompilasi materi ajar entomologi yang dihimpun sejak tahun 2003 yang telah diedit
beberapa kali.
Dalam upaya penyelesaian Bahan Ajar Entomologi ini, tentunya berkat bantuan
dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu, penulis patut menyampaikan terima kasih kepada semua
pihak yang telah berjasa. Sebagai edisi perdana, Bahan Ajar Entomologi ini masih banyak
ditemukan kekurangan dalam beberapa aspek. Untuk itu, terima kasih bila ada kritik dan
saran konstruktif dari berbagai pihak.

Kupang, Pebruari 2019

Penulis

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 DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................................................. i
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................................ ii
PETA KOMPETENSI............................................................................................................ 1
IDENTITAS MATA KULIAH.............................................................................................. 2

BAB I RUANG LINGKUP ENTOMOLOGI

4
DAN PERANAN SERANGGA..........................................................................
A PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................................. 4
B PENYAJIAN MATERI………….......................................................................... 4
1. Serangga dalam Phylum Arthropoda................................................................. 4
2. Serangga dalam Phylum Arthropoda.................................................................. 5
3. Peranan Serangga…………………................................................................... 6
C EVALUASI…………………................................................................................ 8
D DAFTAR PUSTAKA 8

BAB II MORFOLOGI DAN ANATOMI 9

EKSTERNAL SERANGGA................................................................................
A PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................................. 9
B PENYAJIAN MATERI.......................................................................................... 9
1. Kutikula…………………………...................................................................... 10
2. Segmentasi dan Tagmosis.................................................................................. 12
C EVALUASI……………....................................................................................... 20
D DAFTAR PUSTAKA……………………………………………………………. 20
BAB III ANATOMI INTERNAL SERANGGA............................................................... 21
A PENDAHULUAN……………….......................................................................... 21
B PENYAJIAN MATERI.......................................................................................... 21
1. Sistem Pencernaan dan Makanan Serangga....................................................... 22
a. Sistem Pencernaan Serangga......................................................................... 22
b. Makanan dan Cara Makan Serangga............................................................. 24
2. Sistem Sirkulasi Serangga……………………………………………………. 25
3. Sistem Pernapasan dan Pertukaran Gas Serangga…………………………… 27
4. Sistem Syaraf Serangga..................................................................................... 30
5. Sistem Endokrin Serangga................................................................................. 31
6. Sistem Ekskresi Serangga................................................................................. 31
7. Sistem Reproduksi Internal Serangga………………………………………... 32
C EVALUASI........................................................................................................... 35

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 D DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................................ 35
BAB IV PERKEMBANGAN DAN METAMORFOSIS SERANGGA.......................... 36
A PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................................. 36
B PENYAJIAN MATERI……………...................................................................... 36
1. Alat Kelamin Luar Serangga……...................................................................... 37
2. Penentuan Jenis Kelamin Serangga.................................................................... 38
3. Telur Serangga................................................................................................... 39
4. Perkembangan Embrio Serangga...................................................................... 40
5. Pertumbuhan Pasca Embrionik......................................................................... 43
6. Metamorfosis Serangga…................................................................................. 45
a. Metamorfosis Bertahap (Paurometabol)…................................................... 46
b. Metamorfosis Sedarhana (Hemimetabol).…................................................. 47
c. Metamorfosis Sempurna (Holometabol) .…................................................. 48
d. Kontrol Metamorfosis……………………………………………………... 49
C EVALUASI........................................................................................................... 50
D DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................................ 50
BAB V ORGAN PERASA DAN PENGATURAN PADA SERANGGA........................................ 51
A PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................................. 51
B PENYAJIAN MATERI……………...................................................................... 51
1. Perasa Kimiawi Serangga…............................................................................. 51
2. Perasa Mekanik Serangga…............................................................................... 52
3. Sistem Pendengaran Serangga............................................................................ 54
4. Penglihatan Serangga......................................................................................... 54
5. Pengaturan Suhu Tubuh Serangga..................................................................... 55
C EVALUASI........................................................................................................... 56
D DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................................ 56
BAB VI KLASIFIKASI SERANGGA.............................................................................. 57
A PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................................. 57
B PENYAJIAN MATERI……………...................................................................... 57
1. Dasar-Dasar Taxonomi…….............................................................................. 57
2. Klasifikasi Serangga…………………………………...................................... 58
a. Kelas Protura................................................................................................... 58
b. Kelas Diplura.................................................................................................. 59
c. Kelas Colembollaa......................................................................................... 60

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 d. Kelas Insekta................................................................................................... 60
d.1. Ordo Archaeognatha............................................................................... 61
d.2. Ordo Thysanura (serangga tubuh perak) ................................................ 61
d.3. Ordo Ephemeroptera............................................................................... 62
d.4. Ordo Odonata…………………………………………………………. 62
d.5. Ordo Plecoptera………………………………………………………... 63
d.6. Ordo Blattodea………………………………………………………… 64
d.7. Ordo Isoptera…………………………………………………………... 65
d.8. Ordo Mantodea………….……………………………………………... 66
d.9. Ordo Dermaptera………………………………………………………. 67
d.10. Ordo Phasmatodea……………………………………………………. 68
d.11. Ordo Orthoptera………………………………………………………. 68
d.12. Ordo Embioptera……………………………………………………... 70
d.13. Ordo Psocoptera……………………………………………………… 71
d.14. Ordo Phthiraptera…………………………………………………….. 71
d.15. Ordo Hemiptera………………………………………………………. 72
d.16. Ordo Thysanoptera…………………………………………………… 73
d.17. Ordo Megaloptera…………………………………………………….. 74
d.18. Ordo Neuroptera……………………………………………………… 74
d.19. Ordo Coleoptera……………………………………………………… 75
d.20. Ordo Diptera………………………………………………………….. 77
d.21. Ordo Lepidoptera……………………………………………………. 78
d.22. Ordo Hymenoptera…………………………………………………… 79
d.23. Ordo Strepsiptera……………………………………………………... 81
d.24. Ordo Mecoptera………………………………………………………. 82
d.25. Ordo Siphonaptera……………………………………………………. 83
d.26. Ordo Trichoptera……………………………………………………... 83
C EVALUASI............................................................................................................... 84
D DAFTAR PUSTAKA................................................................................................ 85
BAB VII SERANGGA DAN TUMBUHAN................................................................................................ 86
A PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................................... 86
B PENYAJIAN MATERI……………........................................................................ 86
1. Interaksi Ko-evolusi Serangga dengan Tumbuhan……………………………… 87
2. Pola Pemenfaatan Tumbuhan oleh Serangga…………………………………… 88

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 3. Cara Serangga Memakan Tumbuhan…………………………………………… 90
a. Menambang (Mining)………………………………………………………….. 90
b. Mengunyah daun (Leaf Chewing)…………………………………………….. 92
c. Pemboran (Boring)…………………………………………………………….. 92
d. Mengisap cairan tumbuhan (Sap Sucking)…………………………………….. 93
e. Pembentukan gall (Gall Forming)……………………………………………... 94
4. Serangga dan Reproduksi Tumbuhan ………………………………………….. 96
a. Polinasi ………………………………………………………………………. 96
b. Dispersal Biji dan Domatia…………………………………………………… 98
C EVALUASI............................................................................................................... 99
D DAFTAR PUSTAKA................................................................................................ 99
BAB VIII SERANGGA PERTANIAN……………………………………………….. 100
A PENDAHULUAN...................................................................................................... 100
B PENYAJIAN MATERI…………….......................................................................... 100
1. Tinjauan Umum Serangga Hama………………………………………………. 101
2. Pengamatan Serangga Hama…………………………………………………… 103
C EVALUASI............................................................................................................... 105
D DAFTAR PUSTAKA................................................................................................ 106