MODUL PECUTAN AKHIR SAINS SPM 2014

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Tajuk-tajuk fokus:

Bil Bab Subtajuk

1 2  Tindakan refleks
 Sistem endokrin
 Dadah
2 3  Pewarisan (kacukan )
 Penentuan Jantina
 Kembar
 Mutasi
3 4  Jadual Perkalaan
 Kekondusian Elektrik Kepelbagaian bahan
 Penulenan bahan –Penyulingan
4 5  Tindakbalas logam dengan air, asid dan oksigen
 Elektrolisis –Penulenan dan penyaduran logam
 Sel ringkas
 Kesan cahaya terhadap filem fotografi
5 6  Sinaran radioaktif
6 7  Imej yang dibentuk oleh cermin satah dan kanta
cembung
 Penyerakan cahaya
 Penambahan dan penolakan warna cahaya
 Kamera
7 8  Ammonia
8 9  Keimunan
 Kesan antibiotik terhadap pertumbuhan bakteria
9 10  Tabiat makan yang tidak sihat
10 11  Kesan rumah hijau
11 12  Sabun
 Getah
12 13  Inersia
 Prinsip Bernoulli
13 14  Kaedah-kaedah pengawetan makanan
 Usaha meningkatkan pengeluaran makanan
14 15  Getah sintetik
15 16  Spektrum elektromagnet
 Sistem pemancar dan penerima

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SECTION B (THEORY)

1 Diagram 1 shows an impulse pathway when a student’s finger

accidentally is pricked by a sharp needle.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan suatu lintasan impuls apabila jari seseorang tercucuk
jarum tajam
.

Diagram 1

(a) Based on Diagram 1, match A, B and C with each neurone.

Berdasarkan Rajah 1 padankan A, B and C dengan jenis neuron.

Relay neurone
A
Neuron perantaraan
Sensory neurone
B
Neuron deria
Motor neurone
C
Neuron motor

(b) What happens to muscle when the a student’s finger accidentally is

pricked by a sharp needle.
Apakah yang berlaku pada otot apabila jari seseorang tercucuk
jarum tajam?

......................................................................................................

(c) Name the type of action shown in Diagram 1

Namakan jenis tindakan dalam Rajah 1

…………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) State one importance of the action in 1(c)(i)

Nyatakan satu kepentingan tindakan di 1(c)(i).

…………………………………………………………………………………..

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2 Diagram 2.1 shows the endocrine glands in the body of a female.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan kelenjar endokrin dalam badan seorang perempuan

Diagram 2.1

(a)(i) Name gland P.

Namakan kelenjar P……………………………………………………….

(ii) What will happen to the person is gland Q secretes less hormone?
Apakah yang akan berlaku pada seseorang tersebut sekiranya
Kelenjar Q kurang merembeskan hormon?

…………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Name the hormone secreted by pancreas.

Namakan hormon yang dirembeskan oleh pankreas..........................

(c) What will happened if pancreas secretes less hormone?

Apa yang berlaku jika kelenjar pankreas merembes kurang hormon?

………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) Diagram 2.2 shows hormones secreted by gland P travelled to the

targeted glands.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan hormon yang dirembeskan oleh kelenjar P
dibawa ke kelenjar-kelenjar sasaran.

Diagram 2.2

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(i) How are the hormones transported to the target organs?

Bagaimanakah hormon diangkut ke organ-organ sasaran?

……………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Why does gland P is also known as the ‘master gland’?

Mengapakah kelenjar P juga dikenali sebagai ‘kelenjar induk’?

…………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………

(e) Diagram 2.3 shows one coordinated response.

Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan satu gerakbalas koordinasi.

Diagram 2.3

Based on Diagram 2.1, which gland is most active in this situation?

Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, kelenjar yang manakah paling aktif di dalam
situasi ini?.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

(f) In Diagram 2.4, mark (√ ) in the box, part of the brain that controls the
secretion of hormone.
Dalam Rajah 2.4, tandakan (√ ) dalam kotak, bahagian otak yang
mengawal perembesan hormon.

Diagram 2.4

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3 Diagram 3 shows the endocrine system of a woman.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan sistem endokrin seorang perempuan

Diagram 3
Rajah 3

(a) Name gland P and R in the boxes provided in Diagram 3

Namakan kelenjar P dan R dalam kotak yang terdpat dalam Rajah 3

(b) State the effect if gland P secretes excess hormone

Nyatakan satu kesan jika kelenjar P merembeskan hormon yang
berlebihan

………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Name the hormone secreted by gland R

Namakan hormon yang dirembeskan oleh kelenjar R

………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) State one function of the hormone secreted by gland S.

Nyatakan satu fungsi hormon yang dirembeskan oleh kelenjar S

………………………………………………………………………………………

4 Diagram 4.1 shows two type of gametes involved in producing a zygote.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan dua jenis gamet yang terlibat dalam penghasilan
zigot.
Process P

Gamete X:
+ Gamete Y:
Gamet X:…………….. Gamet Y:……………..
Zygote

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Diagram 4.1

(a) Label gamete X and Y in the boxes provided using the following
information.
Label gamet X dan Y di dalam kotak yang disediakan menggunakan
maklumat berikut.

Ovum Sperm Embryo

Ovum Sperma Emrbio

(b) Name process P.

Namakan proses P……………………………………………………….

(c) Draw lines to show the correct match for the chromosome content in
gamete X
Lukis garisan untuk menunjukkan padanan yang betul untuk kandungan
kromosom dalam gamet X.

Gamete Chromosome content

Gamet Kandungan kromosom
 22 + X
Gamete X
Gamet X  44 + XX

 22 + Y

 44 + XY

(d) Diagram 4.2 shows shows a schematic diagram of sex

determination in humans.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan rajah skema penentuan seks dalam
manusia.

Father Mother
Bapa Ibu
Parents 44 + XY 44 + XX
Induk
Process Z
Proses Z

Gamete
Gamet 22 + X 22 + Y 22 + X 22 + X

Zygote
44 + XX O: T: 44+ XY
Zigot

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Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2

(i) Name process Z.

Namakan proses Z:………………………………………………………..

(ii) Predict the sexes for zygote O and T in the box provided in the
Diagram 4.2
Ramalkan jantina bagi zigot O dan T dalam kotak yang
disediakan dalam Rajah 4.2

(iii) What is the probability of having a baby girl?

Apakah kebarangkalian untuk mendapat bayi perempuan?

………………………………………………………………………………

5 Diagram 5 shows the formation of twins in human being.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan pembentukan kembar pada manusia.

Diagram 5
Rajah 5

(a)(i) Name process P?

Namakan proses P?............................................................................

(ii) What are the numbers of chromosomes in R?

Berapakah bilangan kromosom di dalam R?

...............................................................................................

(b)(i) Name process Q

Namakan proses Q:...........................................................................

(ii) State one importance of process Q in human being.

Nyatakan satu kepentingan proses Q pada manusia.

........................................................................................................

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(c)(i) What is the type of twins shown in Diagram 5.

Apakah jenis kembar yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.

........................................................................................................

(ii) Explain your answer in (c)(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di (c)(i).

........................................................................................................

(d) State one characteristic of the twins formed based on (c).

Nyatakan satu sifat bagi kembar yang terbentuk berdasarkan jawapan
(c).

…………………………………………………………………………………….

6 Diagram 6 shows the formation of twins

Rajah 6 menunjukkan pembentukan anak kembar.

Diagram 6
Rajah 6

(a) State the gender of baby Q and R in the box provided in Diagram 6
Nyatakan jantina bayi Q dan R dalam kotak yang disediakan dalam
Rajah 6.

(b) What is process P?

Apakah proses P?............................................................................

(c)(i) State the type of twins shown in Diagram 6.

Nyatakan jenis kembar yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.

…………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Give one reason for your answer in (b)(i).

Berikan satu alasan bagi jawapan anda di (b) (i).

.....................................................................................................

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(d) What will happen if splitting of the zygote formed is not complete?
Apakah yang akan berlaku jika pembahagian zigot tidak lengkap?

………………………………………………………………………………………..
7 Diagram 7 shows a type of twins is formed.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan pembentukan sejenis kembar.

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Diagram 7
Rajah 7

(a) What type of twins is shown in Diagram 7 ?

Apakah jenis kembar yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 7?

………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) The chromosome content of a human being is either 44 + XX

or 44 + XY .
Kandungan kromosom bagi manusia samada 44 + XX or 44 + XY .

Write down the chromosome of R, S and T in the boxes provided in

Diagram 7.
Tuliskan kromosom bagi R, S dan T dalam kotak yang telah
disediakan dalam Rajah 7.

(c) State two characteristics of twins is shown in Diagram 7.

Nyatakan dua ciri kembar yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 7

1.………………………………………………………………………………………

2…………………………………………………………………………………………

8 Diagram 8 shows a schematic diagram for the cross-breeding between a

tall plant and a dwarf plant.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu rajah skematik bagi pembiakbakaan kacuk
antara tumbuhan yang tinggi dan tumbuhan yang kerdil.

Diagram 8
Rajah 8

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(a)(i) Name process P in Diagram 8

Namakan proses P dalam Rajah 8………………………………………..

(ii) State the importance of process in 8(a)(i).

Nyatakan kepentingan proses dalam 8(a)(i).

………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Complete the schematic diagram in Diagram 8 to show the cross-

breeding between the plants.
Lengkapkan rajah skematik dalam Rajah 8 untuk menunjukkan
Pembiakbakaan antara tumbuh-tumbuhan.

(c)(i) What is the ratio of phenotype of tall plants to dwarf plants ?

Apakah nisbah fenotip tumbuhan tinggi kepada tumbuhan kerdil ?

………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) What is the ratio of genotype of tall plants to dwarf plants ?

Apakah nisbah genotip tumbuhan tinggi kepada tumbuhan kerdil ?

………………………………………………………………………………………

(d)(i) What is the phenotype of offspring Q ?

Apakah fenotip anak Q ? ………………………………….

(ii) What is the genotype of offspring Q ?

Apakah genotip anak Q ?

……………………………………………………………………………………….

9 Diagram 9 shows a process occur in a cell division.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan proses yang berlaku dalam suatu pembahagian sel.

Diagram 9
Rajah 9

(a) Name the structure A.

Namakan struktur A.......................................................................

(b) Name the process in Diagram 9.

Namakan proses dalam Rajah 9....................................................

(ii) Draw the result of the process in the box provided in Diagram 9.
Lukis hasil proses tersebut dalam kotak yang disediakan pada
Rajah 9.

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(c) Tick ( √ ) the type of cell division involved in Diagram 9.

Tandakan ( √ ) jenis pembahagian sel yang terlibat dalam Rajah 9.

Mitosis Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis

(d) Where does the process in Diagram 9 occur in human?

Di manakah proses dalam Rajah 9 berlaku pada manusia?

............................................................................................................

(e) State the importance of the process.

Nyatakan kepentingan proses tersebut.

............................................................................................................

10 Diagram 10 shows the arrangement of chromosomes for a person who is

suffering of mutation
Rajah 10 menunjukkan susunan kromosom bagi seorang individu yang
mengalami mutasi

Diagram 10
Rajah 10

(a) Name the genetic disorder that caused by this mutation

Namakan penyakit genetik yang disebabkan oleh mutasi ini

………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) State two characteristics for a person who is suffering from this
genetic disorder

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Nyatakan dua ciri bagi individu yang mengalami kecacatan genetik ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) State one factor that caused the mutation in Diagram 10.
Nyatakan satu faktor yang menyebabkan mutasi seperti dalam Rajah 10

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) Mark (√) for the suitable type of mutation

Tandakan (√)untuk jenis mutasi yang sesuai

Genetic disorder Type of mutasi

Kecacatan genetik Jenis mutasi
Chromosome mutation Gene mutation
Colour blindness
Rabun warna
Turner syndrome
Sindrom Turner

11 Diagram 11 shows an incomplete periodic table

Rajah 11 menunjukkan jadual berkala yang tidak lengkap.

Diagram 11
Rajah 11

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(a) How are the elements in the Periodic Table arrange?

Bagaimanakah unsur-unsur dalam Jadual Berkala disusun?

..................................................................................................

(b) Name the type of particles found in element X

Namakan jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam unsur X

………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) Which element that has the highest proton number?

Unsur yang mempunyai nombor proton tertinggi?.

....................................................................................................

(d) State the nucleon number for element R?

Nyatakan nombor nukleon bagi unsur R?

……………………………………………………………………………………..

(e) State the number of electron in element Q?

Nyatakan bilangan elektron dalam unsur Q?

……………………………………………………………………………………..

(f) Which elements have the same chemical characterisitics?

Unsur-unsur yang manakah mempunyai sifat kimia yang sama?

……………………………………………………………………………………...

12 Diagram 12 shows the location of elements A to K in the periodic table.

Rajah 12 menunjukkan kedudukan unsur-unsur A hingga K dalam jadual
berkala.

Diagram 12
Rajah 12

(a) What is the proton number for element H?.....................................

Apakah nombor proton unsur H?

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(b) Which element represents the transition element?...........................

Unsur manakah mewakili unsur peralihan?

(c) Give one difference between elements E and G.

Berikan satu perbezaan antara E dan G.
...................................................................................................

(d) Name one pair of elements that have similar chemical properties.
Namakan satu pasang unsur yang mempunyai sifat kimia yang sama.

……………………………………………………………………………………

(e) Explain how the elements are arranged in the periodic table.
Terangkan bagaimana unsur-unsur disusun ke dalam jadual berkala.

………………………………………………………………………………………

(f) Classify elements A to K based on their characteristics.

Kelaskan unsur-unsur A hingga K berdasarkan ciri-ciri mereka.

Metal Semi-metal Gas

Logam Separuh logam Gas

13 Diagram 13 shows the arrangement of apparatus for distillation of sea

water.
Rajah 13 menunjukkan susunan radas penyulingan air laut.

A:
Water out
Air keluar

Sea water
Air laut

Water in
Air masuk

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Diagram 13
Rajah 13

(a) (i) Name apparatus A in the box provided in Diagram 13.

Namakan radas A dalam kotak yang disediakan pada Rajah 13.

(ii) Name the process that occur in apparatus A

Namakan proses yang berlaku dalam radas A.

……………………………………………………………………......

(iii) Using X show the direction of water inlet in apparatus A.

Menggunakan X tunjukkan arah aliran air masuk ke
dalam radas A

(b) Complete the flow chart below to show the physical changes of sea
water that occurs in the above experiment.
Lengkapkan carta alir di bawah bagi menunjukkan perubahan
keadaan fizikal air laut yang berlaku dalam eksperimen di atas.

Gas

(c) Name distillate P?

Namakan hasil sulingan P?

…………………………………………………………….................................

(d) What is the reading of the thermometer?

Apakah bacaan pada termometer?

...........................................................................................................

14 Diagram 14 show an experiment to study the process to separate a mixture of

alcohol and water.
Rajah 14 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji proses mengasingkan
campuran alkohol dan air.

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Diagram 14
Rajah 14

(a) Name the process in Diagram 14.

Namakan proses dalam Rajah 14.

…….....................................................................................................................

(b) On Diagram 14
Pada Rajah 14

(i) Label the apparatus X .

Labelkan radas X.

(ii) Draw the direction of water flow on the apparatus X.

Lukiskan arah aliran air pada radas X.

(c) Complete the box below to show the change in state of this process
Lengkapkan kotak dibawah untuk menunjukkan perubahan keadaan bagi
proses ini.

Liquid Gas
Cecair Gas

(d) What is the function of porcelain chips ?

Apakah fungsi serpihan porselin ?

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

(e) Why the mixture of ethanol and water can be separated through the
process in Diagram 16?
Kenapakah campuran etanol dan air boleh diasingkan melalui proses dalam
Rajah 14?

...........................................................................................................................

15 Diagram 15 shows a simple cell.

Rajah 15 menunjukkan sebuah sel ringkas.

Diagram 15

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(a) Using arrow, show the direction of electron flow in Diagram 14

Menggunakan anak panah, tunjukkan arah aliran electron dalam Rajah 14

(b)(i) Mark (√ ) the suitable solution for Z

Tandakan ( √ ) larutan yang sesuai untuk Z .

Hydrochloric acid Sugar solution Distilled water

Asid hidroklorik Larutan gula Air suling

(ii) What is the function of solution Z

Apakah fungsi larutan Z

....................................................................................................................

(iii) Name another solution for Z , other than in (b) (i).

Namakan larutan lain bagi Z, selain daripada (b) (i).

....................................................................................................................

(c) Name the plat that act as negative terminal?

Namakan plat yang bertindak sebagai terminal negatif?

................................................................................................................

(d) State the energy change in the simple cell in Diagram 15

Nyatakan perubahan tenaga dalam sel ringkas pada Rajah 15.

..........................................................................................................................

(e) Predict the galvanometer reading, if zinc plate is replace with copper plate
Ramalkan bacaan galvanometer sekiranya plat zink digantikan dengan plat
kuprum.

..........................................................................................................................

(f) Mark (√) the simple cell which produce a larger current.
Tandakan (√) sel ringkas yang menghasilkan arus yang lebih besar.

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16 Diagram 16 shows an experiment to study the effect of light on

photographic paper
Rajah 16, menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan cahaya ke
atas kertas fotografi.

A piece of leaf paste on Photographic paper

photographic paper
Sehelai kertas
dilekatkan pada kertas
fotografi

Diagram 16

(a) Name the substance that form a thin layer on the photographic
paper.
Namakan bahan yang membentuk satu lapisan nipis pada
kertas fotografi.

..................................................................................................

(b) Which part of the photographic paper shows a change?

Bahagian kertas fotografi yang manakah menunjukkan perubahan?

....................................................................................................

(c) What is the change?

Apakah perubahan tersebut?

.....................................................................................................

(d) What is the effect of light on the photographic paper?

Apakah kesan cahaya ke atas kertas fotografi?

.....................................................................................................

(e) Write the word equation for the reaction that occurs.
Tuliskan persamaan perkataan tindak balas yang berlaku.

......................................................................................................

17 Diagram 17 shows a camera

Rajah 17 menunjukkan sebuah kamera

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Diagram 17

(a) Name structure S and T.

Namakan bahagian S dan T.

S:......................................... T:...........................................

(b) What is the type of lens used in the camera?

Apakah jenis kanta yang digunakan oleh kamera tersebut?

..............................................................................................

(c) What should be done to the lens in focusing distant object.

Apakah yang perlu dilakukan pada kanta untuk mengambil gambar
objek yang jauh?

......................................................................................................

(d) State three characteristics of image formed by the camera.

Nyatakan 3 sifat imej yang dihasilkan oleh sebuah kamera berkanta.

......................................................................................................

……………………………………………………………………………………..

(e) Name the part in the eyes that has the same function with
labeled U and S in Diagram 17
Namakan bahagian dalam mata yang mempunyai fungsi yang
sama dengan bahagian berlabel U dan S dalam Rajah 17

U:.......................................... S :.............................................

(f) How does the light focusing in camera differ from the eye?
Bagaimanakah pemfokusan cahaya dilakukan dalam kamera
berbanding dengan mata?

......................................................................................................

......................................................................................................

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(g) Why are the internal parts of a camera painted black?

Mengapakah bahagian dalam sesebuah kamera dihitamkan?

.......................................................................................................…………

18 Diagram 18 shows the natural phenomenons caused by lights dispersion and

light scattering.
Rajah 18 menunjukkan fenomena semulajadi yang disebabkan oleh
penyebaran cahaya dan penyerakan cahaya.

Diagram 18
Rajah 18

(a) Mark (√) for the characteristics of light that formed the following
phenomenons:
Tandakan (√) bagi ciri-ciri cahaya yang menyebabkan fenomena
berikut:

Phenomenons Characterictics of light

Fenomena Ciri-ciri cahaya
Light is Light is
scattered sispersed
(a) The formation of Cahaya Cahaya
rainbow diserakkan disebarkan
Pembentukan
pelangi
( ) ( )

(b) Reddish sunset Light is Light is

Kemerahan langit scattered sispersed

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Cahaya Cahaya
diserakkan disebarkan
( )
( )

(b) (i) What makes the light dispersed ?

Apakah yang menyebabkan cahaya disebarkan ?

……………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Arrange the colours of rainbow from the least to the most dispersed.
Susun warna-warna pelangi dari yang paling sedikit disebarkan
kepada yang paling banyak disebarkan.

Dispersed the most

Disebarkan paling banyak

(c) State one use of coloured lights in our daily life.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan cahaya berwarna dalam kehidupan kita.

…………………………………………………………………………………..

19 Diagram 19 shows a process to produce ammonia in industry.

Rajah 19 menunjukkan proses penghasilan ammonia dalam industri.

Nitrogen

5000C
Compressor 250 atm Ammonia
Pemampat Substance X
Bahan X
Hydrogen
Diagram 19
Rajah 19

(a) Name the process shown in Diagram 19.

Namakan proses yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 19..

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....................................................................................................

(b) What is the ratio of nitrogen to hydrogen used in this process.

Apakah nisbah nitrogen kepada hidrogen yang digunakan dalam
proses ini.

..........................................................................................................

(c) What is the purpose of using substance X?

Apakah tujuan penggunaan bahan X?

..................................................................................................

(d) Write the word equation for the reaction in Diagram 19.
Tulis persamaan perkataan bagi tindak balas dalam Rajah 19.

......................................................................................................

(e) Give two uses of ammonia

Beri dua kegunaan ammonia.

……………………………………………………………………………………

20 Diagram 20 shows the production ammonia in industry.

Rajah 20 menunjukkan penghasilan ammonia dalam industri.

Gas ammonia
Ammonia gas
Compressor
Alat pemampat
Mixture of gas
Campuran gas

Condenser
Kondenser

Hj. Che Ahamad bin Daud GC Sains KV Kulim SMKKP GC Rosliani Page 41
Liquid
Ammonia
Ammonia
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Gas X Hydrogen
Gas X Hidrogen

Diagram 20
Rajah 20

(a) Name the process as shown in Diagram 20.

Namakan proses untuk menghasilkan ammonia pada Rajah 20.

........................................................................................................

(b) (i) State gas X

Nyatakan gas X

...............................................................................................

(ii) State the ratio of gas X to hydrogen

Nyatakan nisbah gas X kepada hidrogen

...............................................................................................

(c) State two conditions needed in producing ammonia in Diagram 20

Nyatakan dua syarat penghasilan ammonia pada Rajah 20.

........................................................................................................

..................................................................................................
......

(d) State one use of ammonia in rubber industry.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan ammonia dalam industri getah.

........................................................................................................

21 Diagram 21 shows the changes of antibodies concentration in the

blood after a student was injected.
Rajah 21 menunjukkan perubahan kepekatan antibodi dalam darah selepas
seorang pelajar disuntik

Concentration of Antibody concentration

antibodies in the in
blood
blood Immunity level
Aras keimunan
Level of immunity Kepekatan antibodi
dalam badan

First injection
Suntikan
First injection
pertama
Second injection Second injection
Suntikan kedua

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Time/ days
Masa / hari

Diagram 21
Rajah 21

(a) What is vaccine?

Apakah vaksin?

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

(b) (i) Base on the graph, what will happen when the vaccine is firstly
injected?
Berdasarkan graf, apakah yang akan berlaku semasa suntikan
pertama vaksin ?

...........................................................................................................

(ii) Why does the student needs the second injection?

Mengapakah pelajar itu memerlukan suntikan kedua?

..........................................................................................................

(iii) Name the type of immunity acquired by the student.

Namakan jenis keimunan yang diperoleh oleh pelajar itu.

............................................................................................................

(c) How does a student acquire natural active immunity?.

Bagaimanakah seorang pelajar memperoleh keimunan aktif
semulajadi?

............................................................................................................

22 Diagram 22 shows the changes of the antibody level in the body of a student
who had just received an injection
Rajah 22 menunjukkan perubahan aras antibodi di dalam darah seorang
murid yang baru menerima satu suntikan.

Time/day
Hj. Che Ahamad bin Daud GC Sains KV Kulim SMKKP GC Rosliani Masa/hari
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Diagram 22
Rajah 22

(a) What type of injection did the student receive?

Apakah jenis suntikan yang diterima oleh murid ini?

..........................................................................................................

(b) What type of immunity did this student obatain?

Apakah jenis keimunan yang diperoleh oleh murid ini?

………………………………………………………………………………………….

(c) What is the advantage of this type of immunity?

Apakah kebaikan keimunan ini?

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) State one weakness of this immunity.

Nyatakan satu kelemahan keimunan jenis ini.

..........................................................................................................

(e) Name two diseases that are treated by using this injection.
Namakan dua penyakit yang dirawat dengan menggunakan suntikan
ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

23 Diagram 23 shows a layer of gas P in the atmosphere.

Rajah 23 menunjukkan satu lapisan gas P di dalam atmosfera.

matahari

Sinar matahari
Lapisan gas P

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Suhu meningkat
bumi
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DIAGRAM 23
Rajah 23

(a) Name gas P.

Namakan gas P...................................................................................

(b) Name two activities which released gas P?

Namakan dua aktiviti yang membebaskan gas P?

.................................................................................................

………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) Based on Diagram 23, name the phenomena that cause the earth’s
temperature to increase?
Berdasarkan Rajah 23, namakan fenomena yang menyebabkan suhu
bumi meningkat.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) State one effect of this phenomena to the environment.

Nyatakan satu kesan fenomena ini terhadap alam sekitar.

……………………………………………………………………………………

(e) Mark () the activities that can reduce the phenomena in (c).
Tandakan () bagi aktiviti-aktiviti yang dapat mengurangkan
fenomena dalam (c)

Replanting
Penanaman semula
Building dam
Membina empangan
Car pool
Perkongsian kereta

24 Diagram 24 shows the set up apparatus to prepare soap

Rajah 24 menunjukkan radas untuk menyediakan sabun
Common salt

Glass rod

Filter funnel
Corong turas
Alkali +
Substance X Substance Y
Alkali + Bahan Y
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Diagram 24
Rajah 24

(a) Name substance X and substance Y.

Nyatakan bahan X dan bahan Y.

Substance X:
Bahan X: ................................................................................

Substance Y:
Bahan Y: ....................................................................................

(b) What is the function of common salt in this experiment.

Nyatakan fungsi garam biasa dalam eksperimen ini.

.....................................................................................................

(c) Draw the structure of soap molecule in the box below

Lukiskan struktur molekul sabun dalam kotak di bawah.

(d) Mark (√) in Table 3 the type of water which produce less foam when
soap is added
Tandakan () dalam Jadual 3 jenis air yang kurang menghasilkan
buih bila dimasukkan sabun

Sea water Mineral Water Rain water

Air laut Air mineral Air hujan Table 3
Jadual 3

25 Diagram 25.1 shows the molecular structure of a soap

Rajah 25.1 menunjukkan struktur molekul sabun

Diagram 25.1
Rajah 25.1

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(a) Label the parts that are known as hydrophilic and hydrophobic
Labelkan bahagian yang dikenali sebagai hidrofilik dan hidrofobik.

(b) Based on your answer in 25.1, state which:

Berdasarkan jawapan anda di 25.1, nyatakan:

(i) part dissolve in water

bahagian yang larut dalam air:…………………………………………….

(ii) part dissolve in oil

bahagian yang larut dalam minyak :………………………………………..

(c) Name the process to prepare soap

Namakan proses penyediaan sabun........................................................

(d) State one characteristic of soap which enables it to act as a cleaning

agent
Nyatakan satu ciri sabun yang membolehkannya bertindak sebagai
agen pencuci.

.....................................................................................................

Diagram 25.2 shows a cloth dirtied by grease.

Rajah 25.2 menunjukkan kain yang dikotori oleh gris.

Diagram 25.2

(e) Draw the cleansing action of the soap molecule on grease in Diagram
25.2
Lukis tindakan pencucian molekul sabun ke atas gris dalam Rajah
25.2

(f) Circle the materials that can be used in making soap,

Bulatkan bahan yang digunakan dalam membuat sabun.

Sulphuric
Hj. Che Ahamad bin Daud GC Sainsacid Sodium
KV Kulim SMKKP hydroxide
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Asid sulfurikNatrium hidroksida Minyak kelapa
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26 Diagram 26 shows the steps in making soap.

Rajah 26 menunjukkan langkah-langkah pembuatan sabun.

Palm oil + X
Minyak sawit + X

Salt
Garam
Soap
Sabun

Distilled
water
Air suling

Diagram 26
Rajah 26

(a) Name the process in Diagram 26 using the following information.

Namakan proses dalam Rajah 26 menggunakan maklumat berikut.

Fermentation Saponification Esterification

Penapaian Saponifikasi Pengesteran

........................................................................................................

(b) What is substance X?

Apakah bahan X?

...........................................................................................................

(c) What is the function of salt?

Apakah fungsi garam?

……………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) State one substance that can replace palm oil.

Nyatakan satu bahan yang boleh menggantikan minyak sawit.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

27 Diagram 27 shows the air flow around an aircraf wing.

Rajah 27 menunjukkan aliran udara di keliling suatu sayap pesawat.

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Diagram 27
Rajah 27

(a) What is the shape of the aircraft wing?

Apakah bentuk sayap pesawat itu? ……………………………………..

(b) What are the forces acting on P and R?

Apakah daya-daya yang bertindak pada P dan R?

P:....................................... R:......................................................

(c) Name the principal which can be applied in aircraft flight.

Namakan prinsip yang boleh diaplikasikan dalam penerbangan
pesawat.

.....................................................................................................

(d) Based on the principal in 27(c), at which are P, Q, R and S

Berdasarkan prinsip dalam 27(c), manakah antara kawasan P, Q, R
dan S

(i) experiences the highest air pressure?

mengalami tekanan udara tertinggi? ……………………………..

(ii) is air flow the fastest?

aliran udara adalah paling cepat? ……………………………

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