OLEH :
FAHMI KURNIAWAN
201110120311153
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ABSTRACT
DRYER MACHINE DESIGN OF COCOA BEANS
The scheme that has been done obtained dimension dryer drum diameter
of 0.5 meters, long1.8 meters, thick3 mm. Dimensional frame buffer longdrum 2.2
meter, high1 meter, wide0.6 meters using hollow steel 40 mm x 40 mm x 3 mm.
Using an electric motor with power 2 hp at 2800 rpm rotation.
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KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu’alaikumWr. Wb
Muhammad SAW dan keluarga, sahabat, beserta pengikutnya hingga akhir zaman
Akhir (Skripsi).
Penulis berharap semoga Tugas Akhir ini dapat bermanfaat bagi banyak
pihak. Tugas Akhir ini dapat terwujud atas bantuan, bimbingan serta dukungan
2. Ir. Eko Hariyadi, MT. dan Iis Siti A.,ST., MT.,PhD. yang telah dengan
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5. Teman – Teman satu kos pondok bamboo terima kasih atas
cepat menyusul.
Penulis berharap Tugas Akhir ini berguna bagi semua pihak agar dapat
Wassalamu’alaikumWr.Wb
Fahmi Kurniawan
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DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR JUDUL ............................................................................................... i
POSTER .............................................................................................................. ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. iii
LEMBAR ASISTENSI/KONSULTASI .......................................................... iv
SURAT PERNYATAAN TIDAK PLAGIAT .................................................. v
ABSTRAKSI INDONESIA ............................................................................ vii
ABSTRAKSI ENGLISH ............................................................................... viii
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ xv
DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................... xvii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1
I.1 Latar Belakang ...................................................................................... 1
I.2 Rumusan masalah ................................................................................. 2
I.3 Tujuan perancangan .............................................................................. 3
I.4 Manfaat perancangan ........................................................................... 3
I.5 Batasan masalah .................................................................................... 3
BAB II TINJAUAN TEORI .............................................................................. 4
II.1 Pengertian kakao ................................................................................. 4
II.2 Pengertian pengeringan ........................................................................ 6
II.3 Alat pengering buatan .......................................................................... 6
II.3.1 Klasifikasi dan perkembangan alat pengering buatan ................. 7
II.3.1.1 Alat pengering untuk zat padat ................................................ 7
II.3.1.2 Alat pengering untuk larutan dan bubur ................................. 10
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II.8 Pengertian kalor ................................................................................. 14
II.8.1 Kalor jenis ................................................................................. 15
II.8.2 Kalor penguapan ........................................................................ 15
II.9 Proses perpindahan kalor ................................................................... 16
II.9.1 Perpindahan kalor konduksi ...................................................... 16
II.9.2 Perpindahan kalor konveksi ...................................................... 17
II.9.3 Perpindahan kalor radiasi .......................................................... 19
II.10 Koefisien perpindahan panas menyeluruh ...................................... 21
II.11 Komponen-komponen perancangan mesin ...................................... 21
II.11.1 Motor listrik ............................................................................. 22
II.11.2 Air heater (pemanas udara) ..................................................... 22
II.11.3 Gear reducer ............................................................................ 23
II.11.4 Pulley dan v-belt ...................................................................... 24
II.11.5 Blower .................................................................................... 27
II.11.6 Transmisi rantai (chain and sprocket) ..................................... 31
II.11.7 Bantalan (bearing) ................................................................. 35
II.12 Dasar teori pengelasan ..................................................................... 37
II.12.1 Jenis-jenis pengelasan ............................................................. 39
II.12.1.1 Proses pengelasan busur logam terbungkus ......................... 40
II.12.1.2 Proses pengelasan busur terendam ....................................... 41
II.12.1.3 Proses pengelasan busur logam gas ...................................... 42
II.12.1.4 Proses pengelasan busur berinti fluks .................................. 43
II.12.1.5 Proses pengelasan busur tungsten gas .................................. 44
II.12.2 Desain sambungan las ............................................................. 45
BAB III METODOLOGI PERANCANGAN ............................................... 46
III.1 Diagram alir perancangan ............................................................... 46
III.2 Perancangan kapasitas pengering ..................................................... 47
III.3 Perhitungan dan pemilihan komponen ............................................. 47
III.3.1. Pulley dan sabuk .................................................................... 47
III.3.2. Motor penggerak .................................................................... 47
III.3.3. Bantalan (bearing) ................................................................... 48
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III.3.4 Rangka utama ......................................................................... 48
III.3.5. Elemen pemanas...................................................................... 48
III.3.6. Blower ..................................................................................... 48
III.3.7. Bak penampung....................................................................... 49
III.3.8. Pengaduk (rip) ......................................................................... 49
III.3.9. Chamber(ruang pengering) ..................................................... 49
III.3.10. Gear reducer .......................................................................... 49
III.3.11. Transmisi rantai (chain and sprocket) ................................... 49
III.4 Perhitungan komponen mesin........................................................... 50
III.5 Perancangan komponen mesin ......................................................... 50
III.5 Konsep desain .................................................................................. 51
III.6 Cara kerja mesin ............................................................................. 52
BAB IV PERHITUNGAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................ 53
IV.1 Data perancangan ............................................................................ 53
IV.2 Kecepatan putaran biji kakao melewati tabung ................................ 53
IV.3 Kapasitas biji kakao dalam tabung pengering .................................. 54
IV.4 Torsi akibat adanya beban pengering ............................................. 55
IV.5 Torsi drum tabung pengering ........................................................... 55
IV.6 Volume tabung ................................................................................. 56
IV.7 Volume rib(pengaduk) ..................................................................... 56
IV.8 Volume kerucut ................................................................................ 57
IV.9 Volume ruang pengering ................................................................. 57
IV.10 Spesifikasi motor .......................................................................... 57
IV.11 Transmisi pulley dan sabuk v (v-belt) ............................................ 58
IV.12 Daya yang dibutuhkan mesin ......................................................... 59
IV.13 Perhitungan pulley dan sabuk v (v-belt)......................................... 60
IV.14 Perhitungan beban kalor ruang pengering. ..................................... 67
IV.15 Perhitungan beban ruang pengering ............................................... 68
IV.16 Kecepatan massa udara di dalam ruang pengering......................... 70
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .......................................................... 73
V.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................ 73
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V.2 Saran .................................................................................................. 76
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
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Gambar 2.28 Proses pengelasan busur tungsten gas ........................................ 44
Gambar 2.29 Jenis-jenis alur sambungan las ................................................... 45
Gambar 3.1 Konsep mesin pengering biji kakao ........................................... 51
Gambar 4.1 Sudut kemiringan tabung ........................................................... 53
Gambar 4.2 Rangkaian sistem transmisi v-belt. ............................................ 58
Gambar 4.3 Gambar diagram alir untuk memilih sabuk V-belt..................... 61
Gambar 4.4 Macam-macam ukuran sabuk V-Belt......................................... 61
Gambar 4.5 Panjang keliling v-belt ............................................................... 63
Gambar 4.6 Panjang keliling rantai ................................................................ 64
Gambar 4.7 Sudut kontak v-belt dengan pulley ............................................. 65
Gambar 4.8 Sudut kontak gear dengan rantai ................................................ 66
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DAFTAR TABEL
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Holman J.P dan Jasjfi, E. 1994, Perpindahan Kalor. Jakarta: PT Gelora aksara
Pratama.
Sularso dan Kiyokatsu Suga, 2002. Dasar Perencanan Dan Pemilihan Elemen
Mesin, Pradya Paramita: Jakarta.
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