RUANG VEKTOR
DOSEN MATA KULIAH:
(Zawiyah Saharuna, ST. MEng.)
Oleh:
Jawab:
k1 + 4k3 = 6
2k1 + k2 – 2k3 = 3
-k1 + 2k2 = 0
3k1 + 4k2 – 2k3 = 8
1 0 4 | 6
2 1 -2 | 3
-1 2 0 | 0
3 4 -2 |8
1 0 4 6 R2 – 2R1 1 0 4 6
2 1 -2 3 2 – 2(1) = 0 0 1 -10 -9
-1 2 0 0 1 – 2(0) = 1 -1 2 0 0
3 4 -2 8 -2 – 2(4) = -10 3 4 -2 8
3 – 2(6) = -9
1 0 4 6 R3 + R1 1 0 4 6
0 1 -10 -9 -1 + 1 = 0 0 1 -10 -9
-1 2 0 0 2+0=2 0 2 4 6
3 4 -2 8 0+4=4 3 4 -2 8
0+6=6
1 0 4 6 R4 - 3R1 1 0 4 6
0 1 -10 -9 3 – 3(1) = 0 0 1 -10 -9
0 2 4 6 4 – 3(0) = 4 0 2 4 6
3 4 -2 8 -2 – 3(4) = -2 – 12 = -14 0 4 -14 -10
8 – 3(6) = 8 – 18 = -10
1 0 4 6 R3 – 2R2 1 0 4 6
0 1 -10 -9 0 – 2(0) = 0 0 1 -10 -9
0 2 4 6 2 – 2(1) = 0 0 0 24 24
0 4 -14 -10 4 – 2(-10) = 4 + 20 = 24 0 4 -14 -10
6 – 2(-9) = 6 – (-18) = 24
1 0 4 6 R4 – 4R2 1 0 4 6
0 1 -10 -9 0 – 4(0) = 0 0 1 -10 -9
0 0 24 24 4 – 4(1) = 0 0 0 24 24
0 4 -14 -10 -14 – 4(-10) = -14 + 40 = 26 0 0 26 26
-10 – 4(-9) = -10 – (-36) = 26
1 0 4 6 R3 / 24 1 0 4 6
0 1 -10 -9 0 / 24 = 0 0 1 10 -9
0 0 24 24 0 / 24 = 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 26 26 24 / 24 = 1 0 0 26 26
24 / 24 = 1
1 0 4 6 R4 - 26R3 1 0 4 6
0 1 10 -9 0 – 26(0) = 0 0 1 10 -9
0 0 1 1 0 – 26(0) = 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 26 26 26 – 26(1) = 0 0 0 0 0
26 – 26(1) = 0
1 0 4 6 R1 – 4(R3) 1 0 0 2
0 1 10 -9 1 – 4(0) = 1 0 1 10 -9
0 0 1 1 0 – 4(0) = 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 4 – 4(1) = 0 0 0 0 0
6 – 4(1) = 2
1 0 0 2 R2 – 10R3 1 0 0 2
0 1 10 -9 0 – 10(0) = 0 0 1 0 -19
0 0 1 1 1 – 10(0) = 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 10 – 10(1) = 0 0 0 0 0
-9 – 10(1) = -19
Baris terakhir pada matriks ini menjukkan bahwa SPL tersebut konsisten atau
mempunyai solusi. Oleh karena itu, nilai k1, k2, dan k3 yang memenuhi matriks
m= [ 60 38] dapat dinyatakan sebagai kombinasi linear dari matriks n = [−11 23], o =
[ 02 14], p = [ 40 −2
−2 ]
m = 2 ⃗n−19 o⃗ +⃗p
atau dapat ditulis dalam bentuk ⃗
a. {6 – x2, 6 + x + 4x2}
Jawab:
6 6 0
( )( ) ( )
0 1
−1 4
k1
k2
= 0
0
6 6 | 0
0 1 | 0
-1 4 | 0
6 6 | 0 R1 / 6 1 1 | 0
0 1 | 0 6/6=1 0 1 | 0
-1 4 | 0 6/6=1 -1 4 | 0
0/6=0
1 1 | 0 R3 + R1 1 1 | 0
0 1 | 0 -1 + 1 = 0 0 1 | 0
-1 4 | 0 4+1=5 0 5 | 0
0+0=0
1 1 | 0 R3 – 5R2 1 1 | 0
0 1 | 0 0 – 5(0) = 0 0 1 | 0
0 5 | 0 5 – 5(1) = 0 0 0 | 0
0 – 5(0) = 0
k1 + k2 = 0
k2 = 0
k1 = 0 dan k2 = 0, yang berarti himpunan tersebut adalah saling bebas secara linear.
b. {1 + 3x + 3x2, x + 4x2, 5 + 6x + 3x2, 7 + 2x – x2}
Jawab:
1 1 5 7
() () () ( )
k 1 3 + k2 0 +k 3 6 + k 4 2
3 4 3 −1
Dapat ditulis dengan:
|1 0 5 7 | k1 = 0
|3 1 6 2 | k2 = 0
|3 4 3 -1 | k3 = 0
k4 = 0
|1 0 5 7| 0 R2 – 3R1 |1 0 5 7 | 0
|3 1 6 2| 0 3 – 3(1) = 0 |0 1 -9 -19 | 0
|3 4 3 -1 | 0 1 – 3(0) = 1 |3 4 3 -1 | 0
6 – 3(5) = -9
2 – 3(7) = -19
|1 0 5 7| 0 R3 – 4R1 |1 0 5 7 | 0
|0 1 -9 -19 | 0 3 – 4(1) = 0 |0 1 -9 -19 | 0
|3 4 3 -1 | 0 4 – 4(0) = 4 |0 4 -12 -22 | 0
3 – 4(5) = -17
-1 – 4(7) = -22
|1 0 5 7 | 0 R3 – 4R2 |1 0 5 7 | 0
|0 1 -9 -19 | 0 0 – 4(0) = 0 |0 1 -9 -19 | 0
|0 4 -12 -22 | 0 4 – 4(1) = 0 |0 0 24 54 | 0
-12 – 4(-9) = 24
-22 – 4(19) = 54
|1 0 5 7 | 0 R3 / 24 |1 0 5 7 | 0
|0 1 -9 -19 | 0 0 / 24 = 0 |0 1 -9 -19 | 0
|0 0 24 54 | 0 0 / 24 = 0 |0 0 1 9/4 | 0
24 / 24 = 1
54 / 24 = 9/4
|1 0 5 7 | 0 R1 – 5R3 |1 0 0 -17/4 | 0
|0 1 -9 -19 | 0 1 – (5)0 = 1 |0 1 -9 -19 | 0
|0 0 1 9/4 | 0 0 – (5)0 = 0 |0 0 1 9/4 | 0
5 – (5)1 = 0
7 – (5)9/4 = -17/4
k1 – 17/4k4 = 0…(1)
k2 + 5/4k4 = 0…(2)
k3 + 9/4k4 = 0…(3)
6 6 m
( ) () ()
k1 1 + k2 1 = n
−1 4 o
Dapat ditulis dengan:
6 6 m
( )( ) ( )
0 1
−1 4
k1
k2
= n
o
Dengan proses OBE:
6 6 m R1 / 6 1 1 m/6
( )( )
0 1
−1 4
n
o
6/6=1
6/6=1
m / 6 = m/6
( )( )
0 1
−1 4
n
o
1 1 m/6 R3 + R1 1 1 m/6
( )( )
0 1
−1 4
n
o
-1 + 1 = 0
4+1=5
o + m/6 = o+m/6
( )( )
0 1
0 5
n
o+m/6
4. Periksa, apakah himpunan berikut merupakan basis bagi polinom orde 2 (P2)
a. {4 + 6x + x2, – 1 + 4x + 2x2, 5 + 2x – x2}
Jawab:
b. {– 4 + x + 3x2, 6 + 5x + 2x2, 8 + 4x + x2}
Jawab:
5. Misalkan J = {a + bx + cx2 a2 = b2 + c2} merupakan himpunan bagian dari ruang vektor
Polinom orde dua. Periksa apakah J merupakan subruang dari ruang vektor Polinom orde dua
Jika ya, tentukan basisnya
Jawab:
1 2 3 0 R2 – R1 1 2 3 0
( |)
1 2 −3 0
1 2 3 0
1–1=0
2–2=0
-3 – 3 = -6
( |)
0 0 −6 0
1 2 3 0
1 2 3 0 R3 - R1 1 2 3 0
( 0 0 −6 0
1 2 3 0 |) 1–1=0
2–2=0
3–3=0
( |)
0 0 −6 0
0 0 0 0
7. Tentukan rank dari matriks :
−1 −2 −1 1
[ 1
1
2
2
3 −1
2 −1 ]
Jawab:
Dengan proses OBE:
−1 −2 −1 1 R1 / -1 1 2 1 −1
[ 1
1
2
2
3 −1
2 −1 ] -1 / -1 = 1
-2 / -1 = 2
-1 / -1 = 1
[ 1 2 3 −1
1 2 2 −1 ]
1 / -1 = -1
1 2 1 −1 R2 – R1 1 2 1 −1
[ 1 2 3 −1
1 2 2 −1 ] 1–1=0
2–2=0
3–1=2
[ 0 0 2 0
1 2 2 −1 ]
-1 – (-1) = 0
1 2 1 −1 R3 – R1 1 2 1 −1
[ 0 0 2 0
1 2 2 −1 ] 1–1=0
2–2=0
2–1=1
[ 0 0 2 0
0 0 1 0 ]
-1 – (-1) = 0
1 2 1 −1 R3 – 1/2R2 1 2 1 −1
[ 0 0 2 0
0 0 1 0 ] 0 – ½(0) = 0
0 – ½(0) = 0
1 – ½(2) = 0
[ 0 0 2 0
0 0 0 0 ]
0 – ½(0) = 0
Rank dari suatu matriks merupakan dimensi dari vektor baris (kolom) non-zero pada matriks
tersebut. Sehingga diperoleh rank pada matriks di atas setelah dilakukan proses OBE yaitu 2.
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