PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 2013/2014

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

REVITALISASI BANGUNAN VAN DORP

SEBAGAI RUMAH BUDAYA

Tema Desain
ARSITEKTUR MODERN KONTEKSTUAL DI KAWASAN KOLONIAL

Fokus Kajian
KESELARASAN ANTARA BANGUNAN BARU DENGAN BANGUNAN
YANG DIKONSERVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN SEKITARNYA

Disusun untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Disusun oleh:
Livia Noviana Kurniawan 10.11.0008

Dosen Pembimbing:
Ir. Yulita Titik S., MT.

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
April, 2014
 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji Syukur kepada Tuhan YME atas berkat dan rahmat-Nya sehingga
penyusun mampu menyelesaikan penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program Projek
Akhir Arsitektur LXV yang berjudul Revitalisasi Bangunan Van Dorp Sebagai
Rumah Budaya ini.

Penusun menyadari bahwa Landasan Teori dan Program ini belum

sempurna, disebabkan oleh keterbatasan kemampuan dan pengetahuan yang
penyusun miliki. Dalam proses penyusunan LTP, penyusun mendapatkan banyak
ilmu, dukungan, doa serta materi dari berbagai pihak. Maka dari itu, penyusun ingin
menyampaikan rasa terima kasih kepada:

1. Ir.Yulita Titik S.,MT, selaku dosen pembimbing yang selalu sedia

membimbing dan mengarahkan penyusun sehingga penyusun dapat
menyelesaikan tahap LTP dengan baik.
2. Tim dosen Review, yang telah memberikan masukan-masukan yang penting
demi kesempurnaan Landasan Teori dan Program ini.
3. Orang tua, adik dan seluruh keluarga, yang telah memberikan dukungan
materi, doa dan semangat selama studi dan penyusunan tugas akhir.
4. Teman-teman dan rekan-rekan mahasiswa peserta PAA LXV, yang telah
memberikan semangat dan masukan-masukan selama penyusunan
Landasan Teori dan Program ini.
5. Pihak-pihak lain, yang telah mebantu penyusun baik secara langsung-tidak
langsung, moril-materiil hingga terselesaikannya Landasan Teori dan
Program ini.

Akhir kata, penyusun mohon maaf bila terdapat hal-hal yang kurang berkenan
pada isi Landasan Teori dan Program ini. Penyusun berharap semoga laporan ini
dapat bermanfaat tidak hanya bagi penyusun, tetapi juga bermanfaat bagi pihak-
pihak lain yang berkepentingan.

Semarang, 16 April 2014

Penyusun

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 DAFTAR ISI

Cover ........................................................................................................... i
Halaman Pengesahan ................................................................................... ii-iii
Surat Pernyataan ............................................................................................ iv
Kata Pengantar ............................................................................................ v
Daftar Isi ....................................................................................................... vi
Daftar Gambar .............................................................................................. x
Daftar Tabel .................................................................................................. xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang Projek ...................................................................... 1
1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ................................................... 12
1.2.1 Tujuan Pembahasan ........................................................................ 12
1.2.2 Sasaran Pembahasan ...................................................................... 12
1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ....................................................................... 13
1.3.1 Ruang Lingkup Substansial .............................................................. 13
1.3.2 Ruang Lingkup Spasial ...................................................................... 13
1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ........................................................................ 13
1.4.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data .............................................................. 13
1.4.1.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data Primer .................................................. 13
1.4.1.2 Metoda Pengumpulan Data Sekunder ............................................. 14
1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa ..................................................... 15
1.4.3 Metoda Pemrograman ...................................................................... 15
1.4.4 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ....................................................... 15
1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ................................................................. 16

BAB II TINJAUAN PROJEK ......................................................................... 18

2.1 Tinjauan Umum ................................................................................ 18
2.1.1 Gambaran Umum .............................................................................. 18
2.1.1.1 Kawasan Kota Lama Semarang dan Bangunan Van Dorp ............... 18
2.1.1.2 Konservasi – Revitalisasi ................................................................... 30
A. PENGERTIAN ................................................................................... 30

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B. SASARAN ......................................................................................... 31
C. LINGKUP ........................................................................................ 31
D. MANFAAT ........................................................................................ 32
E. PERAN ARSITEK ............................................................................. 32
F. DASAR PELESTARIAN BANGUNAN CAGAR BUDAYA ............... 34
G. ETIKA .............................................................................................. 34
H. DASAR HUKUM .............................................................................. 35
I. PROSES REGISTRASI DAN SERTIFIKASI .................................... 37
J. GOLONGAN BANGUNAN CAGAR BUDAYA .................................. 38
K. PRINSIP – PRINSIP TEKNIS ........................................................... 40
L. CARA – CARA PELAKSANAAN ...................................................... 41
2.1.1.3 Rumah Budaya ................................................................................. 44
2.1.2 Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Tren .......................................... 45
2.1.2.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................. 45
2.1.2.2 Perkembangan .................................................................................. 46
2.1.2.3 Tren ................................................................................................... 47
2.1.3 Sasaran yang akan Dicapai .............................................................. 49
2.2 Tinjauan Khusus ............................................................................... 50
2.2.1 Terminologi ....................................................................................... 50
2.2.1.1 Terminologi Revitalisasi .................................................................... 50
2.2.1.2 Terminologi Rumah Budaya ............................................................. 51
2.2.2 Kegiatan ........................................................................................... 56
2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ................................................. 59
2.2.3.1 Arsitektur .......................................................................................... 59
2.2.3.2 Bangunan ......................................................................................... 60
2.2.3.3 Lingkungan ....................................................................................... 62
2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kota .................................................................... 62
2.2.4.1 Tinjauan Umum Kota Semarang ...................................................... 62
2.2.4.2 Urgency – Relevancy Proyek ........................................................... 64
2.2.4.3 Urban Issue ...................................................................................... 64
2.2.5 Kajian terhadap Proyek Sejenis ........................................................ 65
2.2.5.1 Museum Bank Indonesia .................................................................. 65
2.2.5.2 Tembi Rumah Budaya ..................................................................... 67
2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain ...................................................................... 73
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2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan ................................................ 74
2.3.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 74
2.3.2 Batasan ............................................................................................ 75
2.3.3 Anggapan ......................................................................................... 75

BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ...................... 76

3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ......................................................... 76
3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas ................................................................................... 76
3.1.1.1 Pengelompokan Aktivitas ................................................................. 76
3.1.1.2 Kategorisasi .................................................................................... 78
3.1.1.3 Pelaku – Pola Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan ......................................... 83
3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas .................................................................................. 95
3.1.2.1 Studi Pelaku – Aktivitas – Kebutuhan Ruang ................................... 95
3.1.2.2 Besaran Seluruh Lantai Bangunan - Besaran Ruang ....................... 97
3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ............................................ 104
3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ................................................ 104
3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas ......................................................................... 108
3.2.3 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ............................................................ 122
3.3 Analisa Konteks Lingkungan – Studi Eksisting Tapak ...................... 122
3.3.1 Aspek Amenitas Alami ...................................................................... 122
3.3.2 Aspek Amenitas Buatan ................................................................... 124
3.3.3 Potensi Kawasan Kota Lama Semarang .......................................... 128
3.4 Strategi Konservasi ............................................................................. 137
3.5 Analisa Strategi Desain ....................................................................... 138
3.6 Analisa Eksisting Bangunan dan Lingkungan Van Dorp .................... 139
3.7 Analisa Ploting Area Dalam Bangunan Van Dorp ............................. 141

BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ................................................................ 143

4.1 Konsep Program ................................................................................143
4.1.1 Aspek Citra ........................................................................................ 143
4.1.2 Performance Arsitektural ................................................................. 143
4.1.3 Aspek Fungsi .....................................................................................144
4.1.5 Aspek Ramah Lingkungan ................................................................ 144

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4.2 Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan
Perancangan ..................................................................................... 144
4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan (Design Objective) ........................................... 144
4.2.2 Faktor – Faktor Penentu Perancangan (Design Determinant) ......... 145
4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan (Design Requirement) ................ 149
4.3 Program Arsitektur ........................................................................... 150
4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ............................................................................ 150
4.3.1.1 Program Besaran Seluruh Luas Lantai – Besaran Ruang ............... 150
4.3.1.2 Pola Ruang ...................................................................................... 150
4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur .................................................................. 141
4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas .................................................................. 153
4.3.4 Program Lokasi dan Tapak ............................................................. 157
4.3.5 Program Penanggulangan Masalah Rob ........................................... 158

BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ................................................................................. 159

5.1 Kajian Teori Tema Desain ............................................................... 159
5.1.1 Latar Belakang Penekanan Desain .................................................. 159
5.1.2 Landasan Teori Arsitektur Modern .................................................... 160
5.1.3 Studi Preseden ................................................................................. 164
5.1.4 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Penekanan Desain ........................ 165
5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ............................................... 166
5.2.1 Latar Belakang Permasalahan Dominan .......................................... 166
5.2.2 Landasan Teori Permasalahan Dominan ......................................... 167
5.2.3 Studi Preseden ................................................................................. 167
5.2.4 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan ................ 170

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................171

LAMPIRAN

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gb. 1.1 Jembatan Mberok dan sekitarnya pada jaman dahulu ............................................ 2
Gb. 1.2 Jembatan Mberok dan sekitarnya pada saat ini ...................................................... 2
Gb. 1.3 Tampak Gudang 2 dari Jalan Branjangan ............................................................... 3
Gb. 1.4 Tampak Gudang 2 dari Jalan Garuda ...................................................................... 3
Gb. 1.5 Tampak Gudang 1 dari Jalan Branjangan ................................................................ 3
Gb. 1.6 Data Eksisting Tapak ............................................................................................... 3
Gb. 1.7 Tampak Van Dorp dari Jalan Branjangan ................................................................ 3
Gb. 1.8 Tampak Van Dorp dari Jalan Letjen Suprapto ......................................................... 3
Gb. 1.9 Peta Peruntukan Bangunan di Kota Lama Semarang ............................................. 8

Gb. 2.1 Bangunan Van Dorp Tahun ..................................................................................... 29

Gb. 2.2 Bangunan Van Dorp pada saat menjadi Kantor IAI ................................................ 29
Gb. 2.3 Diagram Pelestarian menurut Prof.Dr.Mundardjito .................................................. 41
Gb. 2.4 Diagram Pola Pikir Penyusun .................................................................................. 49
Gb. 2.5 Peta Jawa Tengah .................................................................................................. 63
Gb. 2.6 Keramik Asli Museum Bank Indonesia .................................................................. 66
Gb. 2.7 Tampak Depan Museum Bank Indonesia ............................................................... 67
Gb. 2.8 Interior Entrance Bangunan .................................................................................... 67
Gb. 2.9 Jam Kuno ................................................................................................................ 67
Gb. 2.10 Interior Ruang Pameran ........................................................................................ 67
Gb. 2.11 Selasar Ruang Pentas Seni Tembi ....................................................................... 68
Gb. 2.12 Konstruksi Joglo pada Tembi ................................................................................ 68
Gb. 2.13 Ruang Gamelan Tembi ......................................................................................... 68
Gb. 2.14 Kamar Inap Tembi ................................................................................................ 69
Gb. 2.15 Meja Rias yang Antik ............................................................................................ 69
Gb. 2.16 Kamar Mandi Tamu Inap yang Menyatu ............................................................... 69
Gb. 2.17 Kolam Renang di Tembi ....................................................................................... 69
Gb. 2.18 Kolam Ikan Menjorok Masuk Kebagian Bawah Bangunan .................................. 70
Gb. 2.19 Kolam Ikan dengan Vegetasi Ditepinya ............................................................... 70
Gb. 2.20 Interior Bangunan Rumah Makan Tembi ............................................................. 70
Gb. 2.21 Etalase Toko di Rumah Makan ............................................................................ 70
Gb. 2.22 Toko Souvenir Tembi ........................................................................................... 70
Gb. 2.23 Ruang Pertemuan Tembi ..................................................................................... 71
Gb. 2.24 Ruang Kursus Broadcasting, Tembi .................................................................... 71
Gb. 2.25 Ruang Kursus Tari Tradisional, Tembi ................................................................. 71
Gb. 2.26 Ruang Pameran dengan Etalase .......................................................................... 72
Gb. 2.27 Ruang Pameran 3 Dimensi ................................................................................... 72
Gb. 2.28 Ruang Pameran 2 Dimensi ................................................................................... 72

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Gb. 2.29 Interior Ruang Museum Madyasuro (1) ................................................................. 73
Gb. 2.30 Interior Ruang Museum Madyasuro (2) ................................................................ 73
Gb. 2.31 Amphitheatre di Tembi .......................................................................................... 73

Gb. 3.1 Diagram Struktur Organisasi Pengelola Rumah Budaya Nusantara ....................... 82
Gb. 3.2 Pola Kegiatan Direktur ............................................................................................ 87
Gb. 3.3 Pola Kegiatan Manajer ............................................................................................ 88
Gb. 3.4 Pola Kegiatan Sekretaris ......................................................................................... 88
Gb. 3.5 Pola Kegiatan Karyawan .......................................................................................... 89
Gb. 3.6 Pola Kegiatan Petugas ............................................................................................. 89
Gb. 3.7 Pola Kegiatan Bagian Keuangan ............................................................................. 89
Gb. 3.8 Pola Kegiatan Kepala Bagian Eksternal .................................................................. 90
Gb. 3.9 Pola Kepala Bagian Internal .................................................................................... 90
Gb. 3.10 Pola Staff Administrasi ............................................................................................ 90
Gb. 3.11 Pola Staff Teknisi ................................................................................................... 91
Gb. 3.12 Pola Staff Keamanan ............................................................................................. 91
Gb. 3.13 Pola Staff Humas, Publikasi dan Marketing ............................................................ 91
Gb. 3.14 Pola Kegiatan Receptionist ..................................................................................... 92
Gb. 3.15 Pola Kegiatan Petugas Informasi ............................................................................ 92
Gb.3.16 Pola Kegiatan Bendahara ........................................................................................ 92
Gb. 3.17 Pola Kegiatan Staff Ticketing .................................................................................. 93
Gb. 3.18 Pola Kegiatan Internal Auditor ................................................................................. 93
Gb. 3.19 Kondisi Dinding Gudang 1 ........................................................................................ 105
Gb. 3.20 Kondisi Struktur Gudang 1 ...................................................................................... 105
Gb. 3.21 Kondisi Kolom Van Dorp .......................................................................................... 105
Gb. 3.22 Denah Lantai Dasar ................................................................................................. 105
Gb. 3.23 Kondisi kolom Gudang 1 .......................................................................................... 105
Gb. 3.24 Kondisi Lantai Gudang 1 ......................................................................................... 107
Gb. 3.25 Kondisi Lantai Tegel Gudang 1 ............................................................................... 107
Gb. 3.26 Kondisi Lantai Tegel Van Dorp ............................................................................... 107
Gb. 3.27 Kondisi Lantai Kayu Van Dorp ................................................................................ 107
Gb. 3.28 Exhaust Fan ............................................................................................................ 109
Gb. 3.29 Skema Cara Kerja AC Central ................................................................................ 109
Gb. 3.30 Aplikasi Spot Light pada Ruang Pameran .............................................................. 112
Gb. 3.31 Acourete Mat Resin ................................................................................................ 115
Gb. 3.32 Peta EksistingTapak ............................................................................................... 127
Gb. 3.33 Peta Grafis Tapak .................................................................................................. 128
Gb. 3.34 Kantor ITC ............................................................................................................... 129
Gb. 3.35 Rumah Makan IBC ................................................................................................. 129
Gb. 3.36 Jendela Rumah Makan IBC ................................................................................... 130

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Gb. 3.37 Kantor PT Telkom ................................................................................................... 130
Gb. 3.38 Gereja Blenduk ....................................................................................................... 131
Gb. 3.39 Gedung Marba ........................................................................................................ 131
Gb. 3.40 Koperasi Semarang ................................................................................................ 132
Gb. 3.41 PT.Jutarasa Abadi .................................................................................................. 132
Gb. 3.42 Perusahaan Asuransi Jiwa Sraya .......................................................................... 133
Gb. 3.43 Roode Driehoek ..................................................................................................... 133
Gb. 3.44 Bangunan di Jalan Garuda .................................................................................... 134
Gb. 3.45 Kantor PPAT .......................................................................................................... 134
Gb. 3.46 PT.Usaha Jasa Pengurusan Transportasi ............................................................. 135
Gb. 3.47 Bank Mandiri .......................................................................................................... 135
Gb. 3.48 Bangunan di Jalan Let.Jend.Suprapto ................................................................... 136
Gb. 3.49 Bangunan Van Dorp di Jalan Let.Jend.Suprapto .................................................. 138
Gb. 3.50 Bangunan Van Dorp di Jalan Branjangan ............................................................. 138
Gb. 3.51 Siteplan Bangunan Van Dorp dan Sekitarnya ....................................................... 140
Gb. 3.52 Potongan Bangunan Van Dorp ............................................................................. 140
Gb. 3.53 Tampak Bangunan Van Dorp ............................................................................ 140
Gb. 3.54 Denah Lt.1 Bangunan Van Dorp ........................................................................... 141
Gb. 3.55 Denah Lt.2 Bangunan Van Dorp ........................................................................... 141
Gb. 3.56 Denah Eksisting Gudang 1 .................................................................................... 142
Gb. 3.57 Denah Eksisting Gudang 2 .................................................................................... 142

Gb. 4.1 Perkiraan Layout Rumah Makan ............................................................................ 148

Gb. 4.2 Diagram Pola Ruang ............................................................................................... 150
Gb. 4.3 Aplikasi Lampu Sorot di Dalam Lantai .................................................................... 152
Gb. 4.4 Ploting Kanal Penanggulangan Masalah Rob ........................................................ 158
Gb. 4.5 Rencana Kanal Kota Lama Semarang ................................................................... 158

Gb.5.1 Bagan Latar Belakang Penentuan Penekanan Desain ............................................. 159

Gb. 5.2 Tangga Model Kuno MBI ......................................................................................... 164
Gb. 5.3 Interior Museum Bank Indonesia .............................................................................. 164
Gb. 5.4 Souvenir Shop MBI ................................................................................................... 164
Gb. 5.5 Layout dan Interior Ruang Pamer ............................................................................ 164
Gb. 5.6 Diagram Arsitektur Modern Kontekstual di Kawasan Kolonial ................................. 165
Gb. 5.7 Bagan Latar Belakang Penentuan Permasalahan Dominan ..................................... 166
Gb. 5.8 Kolom pada Museum Bank Indonesia ...................................................................... 168
Gb. 5.9 Dinding dan Lantai MBI ............................................................................................. 168
Gb. 5.10 Jendela Museum Bank Indonesia ........................................................................... 169
Gb. 5.11 Rooster Museum Bank Indonesia ........................................................................... 169

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Nama Bangunan Konservasi di Kawasan Kota Lama Semarang ......................... 19

Tabel 2.2 Fasilitas, Pelaku, dan Peralatan dalam Blok Pelayanan Publik ............................ 56

Tabel 2.3 Kegiatan dan Fasilitas dalam Blok Pelayanan Publik ........................................... 57

Tabel 2.4 Fasilitas, Pelaku, dan Peralatan Dalam Blok Administrasi Internal ....................... 58

Tabel 2.5 Kegiatan dan Fasilitas dalam Blok Administrasi Internal ....................................... 59

Tabel 3.1 Pengelompokan Pelaku ......................................................................................... 83

Tabel 3.2 Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku .................................................................................... 84

Tabel 3.3 Data Jumlah Pengunjung Tembi Rumah Budaya .................................................. 85

Tabel 3.4 Bobot Jumlah Pengunjung dalam 1 Tahun ........................................................... 87

Tabel 3.5 Kegiatan Utama ..................................................................................................... 93

Tabel 3.6 Kegiatan Pendukung .............................................................................................. 93

Tabel 3.7 Kegiatan Penunjang ............................................................................................... 94

Tabel 3.8 Kegiatan Service .................................................................................................... 94

Tabel 3.9 Studi Pelaku, Aktivitas dan Kebutuhan Ruang ....................................................... 95

Tabel 3.10 Besaran Ruang ...................................................................................................... 98

Tabel 3.11 Analisa SWOT Tapak ........................................................................................... 125

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