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AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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DAFTAR ISI
PENDAHULUAN ............................................... 1
Penyebab Luka ................................................................... 2
Macam-macam Luka ......................................................... 2
A. Luka Akut............................................................. 2
B. Luka Kronis ......................................................... 2
Penyembuhan Luka ........................................................... 3
1. Fase Koagulasi, Fibrinolisis dan Hemostatis .. 3
2. Fase Inflamasi ...................................................... 6
3. Fase Proliferasi .................................................... 7
4. Fase Maturasi ....................................................... 9
Leukosit dan Inflamasi ..................................................... 9
Netrofil dan Penyembuhan Luka ................................... 10
Gambaran Mikroskopis Netrofil ..................................... 12
Bahan Aktif Herbal dan Inflamasi .................................. 13
Hubungan Inflamasi, Imunologi, dan Osteoporosis .... 15
Daftar Pustaka .................................................................... 19
PENDAHULUAN ............................................... 22
Angiogenesis dan Kanker ................................................ 23
Angiogenesis dan Terapi Gen Kanker............................ 23
Angiostatin Sebagai Antiangiogenesis ............................ 25
Mekanisme Kerja Angiostatin .......................................... 26
1. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase .................. 27
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2. Angiomotin .......................................................... 29
3. Integrin αvβ3 ....................................................... 30
Daftar Pustaka .................................................................... 33
PENDAHULUAN ............................................... 37
Thrombospondin ............................................................... 37
Endostatin ........................................................................... 37
Tumstatin ............................................................................ 38
Arresten ............................................................................... 38
Canstatin .............................................................................. 39
Vastatin-Restin ................................................................... 39
Prolactin............................................................................... 39
Platelet Factor-4 (PF4) .............................................. 40
Interferon-inducible protein-10 ....................................... 40
Angiopoietins...................................................................... 40
Interleukin-12 ..................................................................... 40
Recombinant IL-12........................................................ 41
Interleukin-18 ..................................................................... 41
Interferons........................................................................... 41
Endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide-II .......... 42
Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases ......................... 42
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ......................................... 42
p53 ........................................................................................ 43
Vektor Terapi Gen ........................................................... 43
Daftar Pustaka .................................................................... 45
PENDAHULUAN ............................................... 50
Etiologi dan Patogenesis ................................................... 50
Aspek Molekuler ................................................................ 52
1. Kelainan genetik .................................................. 52
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2.
Acquired Factor (Faktor didapat) ........................ 54
3.
Radiasi ................................................................... 55
4.
Agen Kimia .......................................................... 58
5.
Imunosuppressive ............................................... 59
a. Interleukin..................................................... 59
b. TGF-ß ........................................................... 59
6. Senescence (Penuaan) ............................................. 60
Respon Imun pada Ameloblastoma................................ 61
a. Respon Imun Humoral ...................................... 61
b. Respon Imun Seluler .......................................... 62
1. Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes .......................... 62
2. Sel Thelper .................................................... 62
3. Antibody Dependent Cell
Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC)................. 63
4. Destruksi oleh sel NK ................................ 63
5. Destruksi oleh Makrofag ............................ 64
Daftar Pustaka ............................................................ 65
PENDAHULUAN ......................................... 68
Klasifikasi Jamur.............................................................. 69
a. Artrokonidia (artrospora .................................... 69
b. Blastokonidia (kiamidospora ............................. 69
c. Klamidokonidia (klamidospora ........................ 69
Infeksi Mikotik ................................................................... 69
Morfologi C. albicans .......................................................... 70
Sifat Patogen C. albicans.................................................... 70
Faktor Virulensi C. albicans ............................................... 71
A. Adherensi dan Ko-aggregasi ............................. 72
Adherensi ............................................................. 72
Ko-Aggregasi ....................................................... 73
B. Interferensi Sistem Imun ................................... 74
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1. Interferensi SIgA .......................................... 74
2. Interferensi Komplemen ............................ 74
3. Interferensi Fagositosis............................... 75
C. Phenotype Switching................................................. 76
D. Faktor Pendukung .............................................. 77
1. Resistensi Antibiotik ................................... 77
2. Faktor lainnya............................................... 77
Daftar Pustaka .................................................................... 78
GLOSSARY ....................................................................... 80
INDEX................................................................................ 87
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 5.
A. Angiostatin menghambat produksi ATP
dengan menghambat influks proton H+
B. Caspase Mitokondria. ........................................... 28
vii
DAFTAR TABEL
viii
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY
Aspartyl proteinase, jenis katalitik dari enzim protease yang
digunakan mengaktivasi ikatan molekul air untuk satu atau lebih
residu aspatat untuk mengkatalisis substrat peptidanya
GLOSSARY
80
GLOSSARY
Homeostasis, keseimbangan
GLOSSARY
82
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY
83
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY
84
GLOSSARY
Sel T, sel di dalam salah satu grup sel darah putih yang diketahui
sebagai limfosit dan memainkan peran utama pada kekebalan
selular.
GLOSSARY
86
INDEX
INDEX
Angiogenesis, 4, 8, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29
Apoptosis, 16, 18, 26, 28, 30, 31, 32, 38, 39, 43, 52, 53, 59
Endotel, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30, 37, 38, 39, 61
Enzim, 9, 13, 16, 22, 23, 26, 27, 54, 58, 61, 64, 77
Fibrinolisis, 3
IL-1, 6, 17, 18
Immunoglobulin, 7, 74
Kanker, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 58
Koagulasi, 3, 4, 11
Osteoporosis, 2, 16, 17
Penyembuhan, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12,
Radiasi, 55,56,57,58
TNF-α, 6, 17-18, 42
INDEX
88
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