(Mulyana) 125
1
Erwin Mulyana
Intisari
Abstract
The El Nino and Southern Oscillation is a large scale pattern of rainfall fluctuation almost
in all the globe. Jawa rainfall (1961-1993) and sea surface temperature anomaly have
been examined. There are significant correlation between Jawa rainfall and sea surface
temperature anomaly in east and central equatorial Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean near
o o
10 LS;80 BT and Flores Sea .The negative correlation is found in east and central
equatorial Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean, while the positive correlation is found in
Flores Sea. When the positive anomaly sea surface temperature in east and central
equatorial Pacific occur, the Jawa rainfall is decreased, in the contrary if negative
anomaly occurs, the Jawa rainfall increase. In Flores Sea, if the sea surface temperature
is increased, the Jawa rainfall is increased, and if the sea surface temperature is
decreased, the Jawa rainfall is decreased. The highest correlation between Jawa rainfall
and sea surface anomaly in Pacific and Indian Ocean is in September-November season,
and in the Flores Sea in July-September season.
Kata kunci : temparatur permukaan laut, curah hujan, anomali positif, anomali negatif.
1
UPT. Hujan Buatan-BPP.Teknologi, Jl. M.H.Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta 10340
126 Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2000:125-132
0.6
2.0
meningkat, sebaliknya ketika terjadi anomali
1.5
negatif, curah hujan di Jawa berkurang.
1.0
Fenomena ini berlangsung pada bulan Juli –
0.5 September.
0.0
N D 97/J F M A M J J A S O N D 98/J F M A M J J A S
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Gambar 5. Anomali suhu permukaan laut di laut Kane, R.P., 1997 : Relationship of El Nino-
Flores dan di Samudera Pasifik Southern Oscillation and Pacific Sea
(garis putus-putus) ketika terjadi El Surface Temperature with Rainfall in
Nino tahun 1997/1998. Various Regions of the Globe. Mon. We.
Rev., 125, 1792-1800.
Nicholls, N., 1984 : The Southern Oscillation and
Indonesia Sea Surface Temperature. Mon.
5. KESIMPULAN Wea. Rev., 112, 424-432.
Ropelewski, C.F and M.S. Halpert, 1987 : Global
Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan di atas bisa and Regional Scale Precipitation Pattern
diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Associated with the El Nino/Southern
• Curah hujan di Jawa sangat berkaitan dengan Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1606-
perubahan anomali suhu permukaan laut di 1626.
Samudera Pasifik bagian timur dan tengah Sudjana, 1992 : Metoda Statistika. Edisi ke 5.
sekitar daerah equator serta anomali suhu Penerbit Tarsito Bandung.
permukaan laut di Laut Flores. Summerhayes, C.P. and S.A. Thorpe, 1996 :
• Ketika di Samudera Pasifik terjadi anomali Oceanography; And illustrated guide.
positif (EL Nino) curah hujan di Jawa Manson Publishing. UK.
mengalami penurunan. Sebaliknya bila terjadi
anomali negatif (La Nina) curah hujan di Jawa
meningkat. Hal ini terjadi pada bulan
September – Nopember.
DATA PENULIS
Erwin Mulyana. Lahir di Cirebon, 10 September 1964. Menyelesaikan S1 di Institut Teknologi Bandung
jurusan Geofisika-Meteorologi tahun 1989. Pernah Bekerja di Pusat Pengembangan Geologi Kelautan
(1989-1991), PT. Elnusa (1991-1993). Sejak 1993 Bekerja di UPT Hujan Buatan , BPP Teknologi hingga
sekarang.