Perhitungan Struktur Beton Portal 3

HALAMAN JUDUL

Oleh :
Mohammad Tri Handoko (17050534024)

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL
PROGRAM STUDI S1 PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK BANGUNAN
2018
 SOAL

Diketahui :
tebal pelat lantai : 12cm
tebal pelat atap : 10cm
fc’ = 25 MPa
fy = 320 MPa
Beban hidup lantai = 250 kg/m2
Beban hidup atap = 100 kg/m2
Beban kombinasi = 1,2D + 1,6L

Tentukan pembebanan pelat, balok, dan kolom!

JAWABAN
I.1 Perencanaan Awal Penampang Balok dan Kolom
I.1.1 Balok
h = (1/10) x L b = (1/10) x L
= (1/10) x 400cm = 40cm = (1/2) x 40cm = 20cm
Balok = 20 x 40cm

I.1.2 Kolom
s1 = (1/10) x H1 s2 = (1/10) x H2
= (1/10) x 450cm = 45cm (Lt 1) = (1/10) x 400cm = 40cm
Kolom1 = 45 x 45cm Kolom2 = 40 x 40cm
I.2 Menghitung Pembebanan Balok Melintang Pada Atap
Tabel 1. Perhitungan Pembebanan Pelat Atap

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Perhitungan Pembebanan Atap : Berat/Satuan Luas
Satuan Berat
Beban mati : (PPIUG.1983 : 11-12) Kg/m2
berat sendiri plat t. 10 cm 0,1 2400 240
berat plafond dan rangka 1 18 18
berat lapisan aspal + pasir t.1cm 1 14 14
berat AC + Perpipaan 1 40 40
DL 312
Beban Hidup (PPIUG.1983 : 17) LL 100

I.2.1 Beban Merata

Type Beban Segitiga

Tabel 2. Perhitungan Beban Segitiga (Ekivalen)

Beban Ekuivalen (kg/m)

Bentang
Tipe Pelat (m) Qe q = 1/3.q.Lx
Beban
Beban Mati ( kg/m2) Beban Hidup ( kg/m2)
Lx 2
DL = 312 LL = 100 kg/m
S1 4,000 416,000 133,333
S2 3,000 312,000 100,000
S3 2,500 260,000 83,333
S4 3,500 364,000 116,667

Gambar 1. Pembebanan Balok Melintang Akibat Beban Plat Atap

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 Tabel 3. Perhitungan Pembebanan Merata (q) pada balok melintang atap

Pembebanan Merata (q) pada balok melintang atap

Beban Mati Berat (kg/m)

q1 2 x S1 2,000 416,000 832,000

q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 192,000

q1 total 1024,000
q2 2 x S2 2,000 312,000 624,000
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 192,000
q2 total 816,000
q3 2 x S3 2,000 260,000 520,000
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 192,000
q3 total 712,000
q4 2 x S4 2,000 364,000 728,000
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 192,000
q4 total 920,000
Beban Hidup Berat (kg/m)
q1 2 x S1 2,000 133,333 266,667
q2 2 x S2 2,000 100,000 200,000
q3 2 x S3 2,000 83,333 166,667
q4 2 x S4 2,000 116,667 233,333

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 I.2.2 Beban Titik (P)

Gambar 2. Pembagian beban ekivalen untuk perhitungan beban titik pada pelat
atap
Type Beban Trapesium

Tabel 4. Perhitungan Beban Trapesium Ekivalen

Bentang Bentang Bentang Bentang Beban Ekuivalen (kg/m)

Pelat Pelat Pelat Pelat
Qe q = 1/2.q.Lx.(1-1/3.(Lx2/Ly2))
(m) (m) (m) (m)

Tipe
Beban Mati ( Beban Hidup (
Beban
kg/m2) kg/m2)
Lx Ly Lx2 Ly2
2
DL = 312 LL = 100 kg/m

T1 2,000 4,500 4,000 20,250 291,457 93,416

T2 1,500 4,500 2,250 20,250 225,333 72,222
T3 1,250 4,500 1,563 20,250 189,985 60,892
T4 1,750 4,500 3,063 20,250 259,238 83,089

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 Tabel 5. Perhitungan Pembebanan T (P) pada balok melintang atap

Pembebanan Titik (P) pada balok melintang atap

Beban Mati Berat (kg/m)
P1 T1 291,457 1311,557
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 864,000
P1 total 2175,557
P2 T1 + T2 291,457 225,333 2325,555
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 864,000
P2 total 3189,555
P3 T2 + T3 225,333 189,985 1868,931
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 864,000
P3 total 2732,931
P4 T3 + T4 189,985 259,238 2021,504
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 864,000
P4 total 2885,504
P5 T4 259,238 1166,571
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 864,000
P5 total 2030,571
Beban Hidup Berat (kg/m)
P1 T1 93,416 420,372
P2 T1 + T2 93,416 72,222 745,371
P3 T2 + T3 72,222 60,892 599,013
P4 T3 + T4 60,892 83,089 647,915
P5 T4 83,089 373,901

I.3 Menghitung Pembebanan Balok Melintang Pada Lantai 2

Tabel 6. Perhitungan Pembebanan Pelat Lantai 2

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Perhitungan Pembebanan Berat/Satuan
Lantai : Luas
Satuan Berat
Beban mati : (PPIUG.1983 :
Kg/m2
11-12)
berat sendiri plat t. 12 cm 0,120 2400,000 288,000

berat plafond dan rangka 1,000 18,000 18,000

berat spesi t. 2 cm 2,000 21,000 42,000

berat keramik t. 1 cm 1,000 24,000 24,000
berat AC + Perpipaan 1,000 40,000 40,000
    DL 412,000
Beban Hidup (PPIUG.1983 :
  LL 250,000
17)

I.3.1 Beban Merata

Type Beban Segitiga

Tabel 7. Perhitungan Beban Segitiga (Ekivalen)

Beban Ekuivalen (kg/m)
Bentang
Qeq = 1/3.q.Lx
Tipe Pelat (m)
Beban
Beban Mati ( kg/m2) Beban Hidup ( kg/m2)
Lx
DL = 412 LL = 250
S1 4,000 549,333 333,333
S2 3,000 412,000 250,000
S3 2,500 343,333 208,333
S4 3,500 480,667 291,667

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Gambar 3. Pembebanan Balok Melintang Akibat Beban Plat Lantai 2

viii
 Tabel 8. Perhitungan Pembebanan Merata (q) pada balok melintang lantai 2

Pembebanan Merata (q) pada balok melintang lantai 2

Beban Mati Berat (kg/m)
q1 1 x S1 1,000 549,333 549,333
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 192,000
beban dinding 1/2 bt 4,000 250,000 1000,000
q1 total 1741,333
q2 2 x S2 2,000 412,000 824,000
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 192,000
beban dinding 1/2 bt 4,000 250,000 1000,000
q2 total 2016,000
q3 2 x S3 2,000 343,333 686,667
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 192,000
beban dinding 1/2 bt 4,000 250,000 1000,000
q3 total 1878,667
q4 2 x S4 2,000 480,667 961,333
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 192,000
beban dinding 1/2 bt 4,000 250,000 1000,000
q4 total 2153,333
Beban Hidup Berat (kg/m)
q1 1 x S1 1,000 333,333 333,333
q2 2 x S2 2,000 250,000 500,000
q3 2 x S3 2,000 208,333 416,667
q4 2 x S4 2,000 291,667 583,333

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 I.3.2 Beban Titik (P)

Gambar 4. Pembagian beban ekivalen untuk perhitungan beban titik pada pelat
lantai 2

Type Beban Trapesium

Tabel 9. Perhitungan Beban Trapesium Ekivalen

Bentang Bentang Bentang Bentang Beban Ekuivalen (kg/m)
Pelat Pelat Pelat Pelat Qe q = 1/2.q.Lx.(1-1/3.(Lx2/Ly2))
Tipe (m) (m) (m) (m)
Beban Beban Mati ( Beban Hidup (
Lx Ly Lx2 Ly2 kg/m2) kg/m2)
DL = 412 LL = 250
T1 2,000 4,500 4,000 20,250 384,872 233,539
T2 1,500 4,500 2,250 20,250 297,556 180,556
T3 1,250 4,500 1,563 20,250 250,877 152,231
T4 1,750 4,500 3,063 20,250 342,327 207,722

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 Tabel 10. Perhitungan Pembebanan T (P) pada balok melintang lantai 2

Pembebanan Titik (P) pada balok melintang lantai 2

Beban Mati Berat (kg/m)
P1 1/2T1 192,436 432,981

q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 864,000

P1 total 1296,981
P2 1/2T1 + T2 192,436 297,556 1771,983
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 864,000
P2 total 2635,983
P3 T2 + T3 297,556 250,877 2467,949
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 864,000
P3 total 3331,949
P4 T3 + T4 250,877 342,327 2669,418
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 864,000
P4 total 3533,418
P5 T4 342,327 1540,472
q balok (20/40) 0,200 0,400 2400,000 864,000
P5 total 2404,472
Beban Hidup Berat (kg/m)
P1 1/2T1 116,770 262,731
P2 1/2T1 + T2 116,770 180,556 1075,233
P3 T2 + T3 180,556 152,231 1497,542
P4 T3 + T4 152,231 207,722 1619,789
P5 T4 207,722 934,749

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I.4 Pembebanan Melalui SAP2000
Dari hasil input beban melalui SAP2000, didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut :

Gambar 5. Nama Batang pada Frame

Tabel 11. Data output gaya batang melalui SAP2000 pada portal 3

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TABLE: Element Forces - Frames
Frame Station OutputCase CaseType P V2 V3 T M2 M3 FrameElem ElemStation
Text m Text Text Kgf Kgf Kgf Kgf-m Kgf-m Kgf-m Text m
1 0,000 COMB1 Combination -856,840 -3384,240 0,000 0,000 0,000 -2095,970 1-1 0,000
1 0,500 COMB1 Combination -856,840 -2556,510 0,000 0,000 0,000 -610,780 1-1 0,500
1 1,000 COMB1 Combination -856,840 -1728,770 0,000 0,000 0,000 460,540 1-1 1,000
1 1,500 COMB1 Combination -856,840 -901,040 0,000 0,000 0,000 1117,990 1-1 1,500
1 2,000 COMB1 Combination -856,840 -73,310 0,000 0,000 0,000 1361,570 1-1 2,000
1 2,500 COMB1 Combination -856,840 754,430 0,000 0,000 0,000 1191,290 1-1 2,500
1 3,000 COMB1 Combination -856,840 1582,160 0,000 0,000 0,000 607,150 1-1 3,000
1 3,500 COMB1 Combination -856,840 2409,900 0,000 0,000 0,000 -390,870 1-1 3,500
1 4,000 COMB1 Combination -856,840 3237,630 0,000 0,000 0,000 -1802,750 1-1 4,000
2 0,000 COMB1 Combination -506,450 -1796,430 0,000 0,000 0,000 -839,590 2-1 0,000
2 0,500 COMB1 Combination -506,450 -1146,830 0,000 0,000 0,000 -103,780 2-1 0,500
2 1,000 COMB1 Combination -506,450 -497,230 0,000 0,000 0,000 307,240 2-1 1,000
2 1,500 COMB1 Combination -506,450 152,370 0,000 0,000 0,000 393,450 2-1 1,500
2 2,000 COMB1 Combination -506,450 801,970 0,000 0,000 0,000 154,870 2-1 2,000
2 2,500 COMB1 Combination -506,450 1451,570 0,000 0,000 0,000 -408,520 2-1 2,500
2 3,000 COMB1 Combination -506,450 2101,170 0,000 0,000 0,000 -1296,700 2-1 3,000
3 0,000 COMB1 Combination -367,060 -1455,090 0,000 0,000 0,000 -739,460 3-1 0,000
3 0,500 COMB1 Combination -367,060 -894,550 0,000 0,000 0,000 -152,050 3-1 0,500
3 1,000 COMB1 Combination -367,060 -334,020 0,000 0,000 0,000 155,090 3-1 1,000
3 1,500 COMB1 Combination -367,060 226,520 0,000 0,000 0,000 181,970 3-1 1,500
3 2,000 COMB1 Combination -367,060 787,050 0,000 0,000 0,000 -71,420 3-1 2,000
3 2,500 COMB1 Combination -367,060 1347,580 0,000 0,000 0,000 -605,080 3-1 2,500

xiii
4 0,000 COMB1 Combination -713,870 -2572,210 0,000 0,000 0,000 -1322,760 4-1 0,000
4 0,500 COMB1 Combination -713,870 -1833,540 0,000 0,000 0,000 -221,330 4-1 0,500
4 1,000 COMB1 Combination -713,870 -1094,870 0,000 0,000 0,000 510,780 4-1 1,000
4 1,500 COMB1 Combination -713,870 -356,210 0,000 0,000 0,000 873,550 4-1 1,500
4 2,000 COMB1 Combination -713,870 382,460 0,000 0,000 0,000 866,980 4-1 2,000
4 2,500 COMB1 Combination -713,870 1121,130 0,000 0,000 0,000 491,090 4-1 2,500
4 3,000 COMB1 Combination -713,870 1859,790 0,000 0,000 0,000 -254,140 4-1 3,000
4 3,500 COMB1 Combination -713,870 2598,460 0,000 0,000 0,000 -1368,710 4-1 3,500
1' 0,000 COMB1 Combination 355,660 -5345,410 0,000 0,000 0,000 -3532,180 1'-1 0,000
1' 0,500 COMB1 Combination 355,660 -4033,940 0,000 0,000 0,000 -1187,340 1'-1 0,500
1' 1,000 COMB1 Combination 355,660 -2722,480 0,000 0,000 0,000 501,770 1'-1 1,000
1' 1,500 COMB1 Combination 355,660 -1411,010 0,000 0,000 0,000 1535,140 1'-1 1,500
1' 2,000 COMB1 Combination 355,660 -99,540 0,000 0,000 0,000 1912,780 1'-1 2,000
1' 2,500 COMB1 Combination 355,660 1211,920 0,000 0,000 0,000 1634,680 1'-1 2,500
1' 3,000 COMB1 Combination 355,660 2523,390 0,000 0,000 0,000 700,850 1'-1 3,000
1' 3,500 COMB1 Combination 355,660 3834,850 0,000 0,000 0,000 -888,710 1'-1 3,500
1' 4,000 COMB1 Combination 355,660 5146,320 0,000 0,000 0,000 -3134,000 1'-1 4,000
1A 0,000 COMB1 Combination -6520,890 856,840 0,000 0,000 0,000 1624,620 1A-1 0,000
1A 2,000 COMB1 Combination -6520,890 856,840 0,000 0,000 0,000 -89,060 1A-1 2,000
1A 4,000 COMB1 Combination -6520,890 856,840 0,000 0,000 0,000 -1802,750 1A-1 4,000
1B 0,000 COMB1 Combination -13643,960 501,180 0,000 0,000 0,000 745,930 1B-1 0,000
1B 2,250 COMB1 Combination -13643,960 501,180 0,000 0,000 0,000 -381,720 1B-1 2,250
1B 4,500 COMB1 Combination -13643,960 501,180 0,000 0,000 0,000 -1509,380 1B-1 4,500
2' 0,000 COMB1 Combination 117,700 -4709,980 0,000 0,000 0,000 -2234,730 2'-1 0,000
2' 0,500 COMB1 Combination 117,700 -3100,380 0,000 0,000 0,000 -282,140 2'-1 0,500
2' 1,000 COMB1 Combination 117,700 -1490,780 0,000 0,000 0,000 865,640 2'-1 1,000
2' 1,500 COMB1 Combination 117,700 118,820 0,000 0,000 0,000 1208,630 2'-1 1,500
2' 2,000 COMB1 Combination 117,700 1728,420 0,000 0,000 0,000 746,820 2'-1 2,000
2' 2,500 COMB1 Combination 117,700 3338,020 0,000 0,000 0,000 -519,790 2'-1 2,500
2' 3,000 COMB1 Combination 117,700 4947,620 0,000 0,000 0,000 -2591,200 2'-1 3,000
2A 0,000 COMB1 Combination -10505,470 -350,390 0,000 0,000 0,000 -602,290 2A-1 0,000
2A 2,000 COMB1 Combination -10505,470 -350,390 0,000 0,000 0,000 98,490 2A-1 2,000
2A 4,000 COMB1 Combination -10505,470 -350,390 0,000 0,000 0,000 799,270 2A-1 4,000
2B 0,000 COMB1 Combination -25682,050 -112,420 0,000 0,000 0,000 -167,220 2B-1 0,000
2B 2,250 COMB1 Combination -25682,050 -112,420 0,000 0,000 0,000 85,730 2B-1 2,250
2B 4,500 COMB1 Combination -25682,050 -112,420 0,000 0,000 0,000 338,680 2B-1 4,500
3' 0,000 COMB1 Combination 96,620 -3763,360 0,000 0,000 0,000 -1836,730 3'-1 0,000
3' 0,500 COMB1 Combination 96,620 -2302,830 0,000 0,000 0,000 -320,180 3'-1 0,500
3' 1,000 COMB1 Combination 96,620 -842,290 0,000 0,000 0,000 466,100 3'-1 1,000
3' 1,500 COMB1 Combination 96,620 618,240 0,000 0,000 0,000 522,110 3'-1 1,500
3' 2,000 COMB1 Combination 96,620 2078,770 0,000 0,000 0,000 -152,140 3'-1 2,000
3' 2,500 COMB1 Combination 96,620 3539,310 0,000 0,000 0,000 -1556,660 3'-1 2,500
3A 0,000 COMB1 Combination -7381,950 -139,400 0,000 0,000 0,000 -323,070 3A-1 0,000
3A 2,000 COMB1 Combination -7381,950 -139,400 0,000 0,000 0,000 -44,280 3A-1 2,000
3A 4,000 COMB1 Combination -7381,950 -139,400 0,000 0,000 0,000 234,510 3A-1 4,000
3B 0,000 COMB1 Combination -22025,640 -118,320 0,000 0,000 0,000 -177,420 3B-1 0,000
3B 2,250 COMB1 Combination -22025,640 -118,320 0,000 0,000 0,000 88,790 3B-1 2,250
3B 4,500 COMB1 Combination -22025,640 -118,320 0,000 0,000 0,000 355,000 3B-1 4,500
4' 0,000 COMB1 Combination 158,700 -6082,690 0,000 0,000 0,000 -3204,340 4'-1 0,000
4' 0,500 COMB1 Combination 158,700 -4324,020 0,000 0,000 0,000 -602,660 4'-1 0,500
4' 1,000 COMB1 Combination 158,700 -2565,360 0,000 0,000 0,000 1119,680 4'-1 1,000
4' 1,500 COMB1 Combination 158,700 -806,690 0,000 0,000 0,000 1962,700 4'-1 1,500
4' 2,000 COMB1 Combination 158,700 951,970 0,000 0,000 0,000 1926,380 4'-1 2,000
4' 2,500 COMB1 Combination 158,700 2710,640 0,000 0,000 0,000 1010,720 4'-1 2,500
4' 3,000 COMB1 Combination 158,700 4469,310 0,000 0,000 0,000 -784,260 4'-1 3,000
4' 3,500 COMB1 Combination 158,700 6227,970 0,000 0,000 0,000 -3458,580 4'-1 3,500
4A 0,000 COMB1 Combination -8552,810 346,810 0,000 0,000 0,000 758,000 4A-1 0,000
4A 2,000 COMB1 Combination -8552,810 346,810 0,000 0,000 0,000 64,380 4A-1 2,000
4A 4,000 COMB1 Combination -8552,810 346,810 0,000 0,000 0,000 -629,250 4A-1 4,000
4B 0,000 COMB1 Combination -25375,910 284,730 0,000 0,000 0,000 417,420 4B-1 0,000
4B 2,250 COMB1 Combination -25375,910 284,730 0,000 0,000 0,000 -223,220 4B-1 2,250
4B 4,500 COMB1 Combination -25375,910 284,730 0,000 0,000 0,000 -863,850 4B-1 4,500
5A 0,000 COMB1 Combination -5607,130 -713,870 0,000 0,000 0,000 -1532,710 5A-1 0,000
5A 2,000 COMB1 Combination -5607,130 -713,870 0,000 0,000 0,000 -104,970 5A-1 2,000
5A 4,000 COMB1 Combination -5607,130 -713,870 0,000 0,000 0,000 1322,760 5A-1 4,000
5B 0,000 COMB1 Combination -16070,790 -555,170 0,000 0,000 0,000 -826,630 5B-1 0,000
5B 2,250 COMB1 Combination -16070,790 -555,170 0,000 0,000 0,000 422,500 5B-1 2,250
5B 4,500 COMB1 Combination -16070,790 -555,170 0,000 0,000 0,000 1671,630 5B-1 4,500

xiv
 Dari data pada tabel diatas, didapatkan bahwa kolom yang menerima beban
Aksial (P) terbesar adalah kolom 2B.

I.5 Perhitungan Penulangan Balok Atap

Pada hasil perhitungan menggunakan SAP2000, didapatkan bahwa balok
atap yang menerima momen terbesar adalah balok 1. Dengan nilai momen
tumpuan sebesar 2078,800 kgm (20,393 kNm) dan momen lapangan sebesar
2095,970 kgm (20,561 kNm). Jika fc’=25 MPa dan fy=320 MPa, serta dimensi
balok 20/40 cm serta selimut beton 4 cm, maka :
Penulangan lapangan :
- d = 400 – 40 – 10 – (1/2 x 20) = 340 mm
- Rn = Mu/bd2 = 20,333 x 106/0,8 x 200 x 3402 = 1,099
- m = fy/B1 – fc = 320/0,85 x 25 = 15,059
- ρ = 1/m x (1 - √ 1−2 m Rn/ fy ¿
= 1/15,059 x (1 - √ 1−2 x 15,059 1,099/320 ¿
= 0,003
- ρmax = 0,75 x 0,85xfcxB1/fy (600/600+fy)
= 0,75 x 0,85x25x0,85/320 (600/600+320)
= 0,028
- ρmin = 1,4/fy = 1,4/320 = 0,004
- As = ρxbxd
= 0,004x200x340 = 272 mm2
Dipakai tulangan
- As’ = 0,2 x As
= 0,2 x 272 = 54,4 mm2
Dipakai tulangan
I.6 Perhitungan Penulangan Balok Lantai 2
Pada hasil perhitungan menggunakan SAP2000, didapatkan bahwa balok
atap yang menerima momen terbesar adalah balok 1. Dengan nilai momen
tumpuan sebesar 2072,39 kgm (20,330 kNm) dan momen lapangan sebesar
2089,55 kgm (20,498 kNm). Jika fc’=25 MPa dan fy=320 MPa, serta dimensi
balok 20/40 cm serta selimut beton 4 cm, maka :

xv
Penulangan lapangan :
- d = 400 – 40 – 10 – (1/2 x 20) = 340 mm
- Rn = Mu/bd2 = 20,333 x 106/0,8 x 200 x 3402 = 1,099
- m = fy/β 1 – fc = 320/0,85 x 25 = 15,059
- ρ = 1/m x (1 - √ 1−2 m Rn/ fy ¿
= 1/15,059 x (1 - √ 1−2 x 15,059 1,099/320 ¿
= 0,003
- ρmax = 0,75 x 0,85xfcxB1/fy (600/600+fy)
= 0,75 x 0,85x25x0,85/320 (600/600+320)
= 0,028
- ρmin = 1,4/fy = 1,4/320 = 0,004
- As = ρxbxd
= 0,004x200x340 = 272 mm2
Dipakai tulangan
- As’ = 0,2 x As
= 0,2 x 272 = 54,4 mm2
Dipakai tulangan
I.7 Perhitungan Penulangan Kolom
Portal Unbraced Frame
f’c = 25 Mpa ; fy = 320 Mpa menerima
beban kerja berikut :
Berdasarkan Kolom 2B, didapatkan :
Pu = 25.682,050 kg = 25,682 ton
Mu = 338,680 kgm
= 0,338 tm

Momen rencana (untuk design ) = MC

Mc = σb M2b + σS M2S
Karena tidak ada gaya horizontal M2S = 0

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