DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Judul..........................................................................................................i

Halaman Pengesahan...............................................................................................ii

Halaman Pernyataan Keaslian Tulisan...................................................................iii

Halaman Kata Pengantar.........................................................................................iv

Halaman Abstrak....................................................................................................vi

Halaman Abstract..................................................................................................vii

Daftar Isi...............................................................................................................viii

Daftar Tabel...........................................................................................................xii

Daftar Gambar......................................................................................................xiii

Daftar Lampiran....................................................................................................xiv

Daftar Singkatan....................................................................................................xv

Daftar Istilah........................................................................................................xvii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang...............................................................................................1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah..........................................................................................7

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................................7

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian..........................................................................................7

1.4.1 Manfaat Praktis.......................................................................................8

1.4.2 Manfaat Teoritis......................................................................................8

1.5 Kerangka Konsep Penelitian..........................................................................8

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BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Tanaman Bodhi (Ficus religiosa L.)............................................................10

2.1.1 Gambaran Umum Tanaman Bodhi (Ficus religiosa L.)..........................10

2.1.2 Klasifikasi Tanaman Bodhi (Ficus religiosa L.)......................................11

2.1.3 Morfologi Tanaman Bodhi (Ficus religiosa L.).......................................12

2.1.4 Sejarah Tanaman Bodhi (Ficus religiosa L.)...........................................13

2.1.5 Tanaman Bodhi (Ficus religiosa L.) dalam Agama Hindu......................14

2.1.6 Penggunaan Tanaman Bodhi (Ficus religiosa L.) dalam Ayurveda.........15

2.2 Ekstrak dan Metode Ekstraksi......................................................................17

2.2.1 Ekstrak..................................................................................................17

2.2.2 Ekstraksi dan Metode Ekstraksi............................................................17

2.3 Kanker..........................................................................................................19

2.4 Fitokimia......................................................................................................21

2.4.1 Gambaran Umum Fitokimia.....................................................................21

2.4.2 Penapisan Fitokimia.............................................................................23

2.4.3 Uji Skrining Fitokimia.........................................................................25

2.5 Radikal Bebas...............................................................................................25

2.6 Antioksidan..................................................................................................25

2.7 Aktivitas dan Kapasitas Antioksidan...........................................................29

2.8 Metode DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl)..........................................31

2.9 Spektofotometer Utra Violet - Visible..........................................................33

2.10 Toksisitas....................................................................................................34

2. 11 Uji BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test)..................................................36

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 2.12 Artemia Salina Leach.................................................................................37

2.12.1 Gambaran Umum Artemia Salina Leach............................................37

2.12.2 Klasifikasi Artemia Salina Leach.......................................................38

2.12.3 Perlakuan Artemia Salina Leach.........................................................39

2.13 Dasar Teori Penelitian Sebelumnya...........................................................39

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN

3.1 Rancangan Penelitian...................................................................................41

3.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian......................................................................41

3.3 Variabel Penelitian.......................................................................................41

3.4 Definisi Operasional.....................................................................................42

3.5 Alat dan bahan..............................................................................................43

3.6 Prosedur Kerja Penelitian.............................................................................43

3.6.1 Penyiapan dan Preparasi Sampel Daun Bodhi (Ficus religiosa L.)......43

3.6.2 Proses Pembuatan Ekstrak....................................................................44

3.6.3 Uji Fitokimia.........................................................................................45

3.6.4 Uji Antioksidan dengan Metode DPPH................................................46

3.6.5 Uji BSLT (Brine shrimp lethality test).................................................50

3.7 Analisis data.................................................................................................54

3.8 Metode Pengumpulan Data..........................................................................54

3.9 Rencana Jalanya Penelitian (Alur Penelitian ).............................................54

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

4.1 Hasil Determinasi Tanaman Bodhi..............................................................55

4.2 Pengumpulan dan Preparasi Sampel Daun Bodhi.......................................55

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 4.3 Ekstraksi Daun Bodhi dengan Metode Maserasi.........................................56

4.4 Hasil Uji Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bodhi..........................................59

4.5 Hasil Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dengan Metode DPPH..............................62

4.6 Hasil Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bodhi dengan Metode BSLT....68

4.7 Hubungan Uji Antioksidan dan Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bodhi.....74

BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.1 Simpulan.......................................................................................................77

5.2 Saran.............................................................................................................77

DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................................79

LAMPIRAN

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