JURUSAN TEKNIK GEOLOGI, FAKULTAS TEKNIK UGM

UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

PETROLOGI
Semester 2 Th 2013/2014

Batuan Beku Bagian 3

Batuan Beku Non Fragmental

Maret 2014
Klasifikasi Batuan Beku
Non Fragmental
 Klasifikasi Batuan Beku Non Fragmental (versi
Indonesia)
Apakah batuan piroklastik? Pakai klasifikasi untuk batuan
YES =>
piroklastik
[NO]
M < 90 %? YES => Pakai klasifikasi QAPF untuk
Apakah batuan plutonik? YES => batuan plutonik

[NO] [NO] => Pakai klasifikasi untuk batuan

ultramafik

Jumlah fenokris cukup

Pakai klasifikasi volcanic QAPF
Apakah batuan vulkanik? YES => untuk klasifikasi Modal
(Mode)? YES =>

[NO] [NO] =>

Pakai klasifikasi kimia TAS

Bukan batuan beku ?

M = mineral mafik

Modifikasi dari http://www.geol.lsu.edu

 Q

2. Klasifikasi Batuan Plutonik 90

Quartzolite
90

Quartz-rich
2.A. Klasifikasi Batuan Beku Fanerit Granitoid

yang Baku adalah Klasifikasi QAPF 60 60

ite
dari IUGS (Streckeisen, 1976)

ran

To
ar G
Grano-

na
Granit

lite
diorite

ldsp
e

i Fe
l
Alka
Alkali 20 20 Qtz.
Quartz
Fs. Syenite Quartz Qtz. Gabbro
Diorite/
Quartz Quartz
Alkali Syenite Monzonite Monzodiorite
5 5 Diorite/Gabbro
Syenite
Fs. Syenite Monzodiorite
10 35 Monzonite 65 90 / Anorthosite
A (Foid)-bearing (Foid)-bearin (Foid)-bearing P
Syenite g Monzonite Monzodiorite
10 (Foid)-bearin
Syarat: 10
Diorite/Gabbr
g
1.Batuan harus mengandung minimal total (Foid)-bearin o

(Fo
Alkali
g Fs. Syenite
mineral Plagioklas, Ortoklas dan Kuarsa

id)

ro
(Foid) (Foid)

bb
Sy
(atau Feldspatoid) minimal 10% Monzosyenite Monzodiorite

Ga
en
2.Jumlah mineral-mineral tersebut

ite

id)
(Fo
dinormalisasi ke 100%

60 60

(Foid)olites

A classification of the phaneritic igneous rocks. a.

Phaneritic rocks with more than 10% (quartz + feldspar +
feldspathoids). After IUGS.
F
2. B. Klasifikasi IUGS untuk Batuan Beku Fanerit yang Mafik (b) dan
Ultramafik (c)

Batuan Mafik
A classification of the phaneritic igneous rocks.
(Gabbroit) b. Gabbroic rocks. c. Ultramafic rocks. After
IUGS.

Batuan Ultramafik
Olivine (c)
Dunite
90

Peridotites

We
te

h
i

rlit
urg
Lherzolite

e
rzb
Ha

40

Orthopyroxenite Olivine Websterite Pyroxenites

10

Websterite
10
Clinopyroxenite
Orthopyroxene Clinopyroxene
3. Klasifikasi Batuan Beku Afanit
(Vulkanik) yang Baku adalah dari
IUGS (Streckeisen, 1976)

Syarat:
1.Batuan harus mengandung minimal
total mineral Plagioklas, Ortoklas dan
Kuarsa (atau Feldspatoid) minimal
10%
2.Jumlah mineral-mineral tersebut
dinormalisasi ke 100%

A classification and nomenclature of volcanic

rocks. After IUGS.
3.B. Klasifikasi TAS (Total Alkali Silica) untuk Batuan Vulkanik

A chemical classification of volcanics based on total alkalis vs. silica. After Le Bas et al. (1986) J.
Petrol., 27, 745-750. Oxford University Press.
 Contoh-Contoh
Batuan Beku Non Fragmental
 Batuan Intrusif (Plutonik)
Granite is a coarse-grained, light colored, intrusive
igneous rock that contains mainly quartz and
feldspar minerals. The specimen above is about
two inches (five centimeters) across.
Diorite is a coarse-grained, intrusive igneous rock
that contains a mixture of feldspar, pyroxene,
hornblende and sometimes quartz. The specimen
shown above is about two inches (five centimeters)
across.
 Batuan Intrusif (Plutonik)
Gabbro : is a coarse-grained, dark colored, intrusive
igneous rock that contains feldspar, augite and
sometimes olivine. The specimen shown above is about
two inches (five centimeters) across.
Peridotite : is a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock
that is composed almost entirely of olivine. It may
contain small amounts of amphibole, feldspar, quartz
or pyroxene. The specimen shown above is about two
inches (five centimeters) across.
 Acid, late phase intrusive rocks
Pegmatite : is a light-colored, extremely coarse-grained intrusive
igneous rock. It forms near the margins of a magma chamber Aplite: very fine-grained, white, grey or pinkish intrusive
during the final phases of magma chamber crystallization. It often rock dominated by quartz and feldspar. Dykes of aplite are
contains rare minerals that are not found in other parts of the commonly observed traversing granitic bodies.
magma chamber. The specimen shown above is about two inches
(five centimeters) across.

Granite

Aplite
 Intrusive Rock
Syenite : coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock of the Monzonite : intrusive rock with approximately
same general composition as granite but lack in quartz. equal amounts of plagioclase and alkali
Feldspar is dominated by orthoclase feldspar, with less than 5% quartz by weight.
 Granodiorit
Granodiorite : intrusive igneous rock similar to
granite, but containing more plagioclase than
orthoclase-type feldspar. It usually contains abundant
biotite mica and hornblende, giving it a darker
appearance than true granite.
 Tonalit
Tonalite : intrusive rock of felsic composition, phaneritic
texture, contains plagioclase (typically oligoclase or
andesine) with 10% or less alkali feldspar. Quartz is present
as more than 20% of the rock. Amphiboles and pyroxenes
are common accessory minerals.
In older references tonalite is sometimes used as a synonym
for quartz diorite. However the current IUGS classification
defines tonalite as having greater than 20% quartz and
quartz diorite with from 5 to 20% quartz.

Catatan: banyak intrusi dangkal berukuran stock Tersier di Indonesia yang dideskripsikan
sebagai tonalit. Tonalit umumnya memiliki tekstur faneroporfiritik.
 Ultramafic Intrusive Rocks
Dunite : ultramafic plutonic rock, phaneritic
texture, with composition is > 90% olivine, with
minor amounts of other minerals such as
pyroxene.
Peridotite : coarse-grained ultramafic
igneous rock, consisting mostly of olivine
and pyroxene.
 Ultramafic Intrusive Rocks
Pyroxenite : ultramafic igneous rock consisting essentially Hornblendite : rare ultramafic plutonic rock consisting
of minerals of the pyroxene group, such as augite and mainly of the amphibole hornblende.
diopside, hypersthene, bronzite or enstatite.
Anorthosite : phaneritic, intrusive ultramafic igneous
rock characterized by a predominance of calcium-rich
plagioclase feldspar (90–100%), and a minimal mafic
component (0–10%) such as pyroxene, ilmenite,
magnetite, and olivine.
Carbonatites : intrusive or extrusive igneous
rocks defined by mineralogic composition of
> 50 % carbonate minerals.
 Batuan Vulkanik
Diabase / dolerite : a mafic, holocrystalline,
subvolcanic rock equivalent to volcanic basalt or
plutonic gabbro; dominated by plagioclase and
pyroxene.
Andesite : is a fine-grained, extrusive igneous rock
composed mainly of plagioclase with other minerals such
as hornblende, pyroxene and biotite. The specimen shown
is about two inches (five centimeters) across.
 Batuan Vulkanik
Rhyolite : light-colored, fine-grained,
felsic extrusive igneous rock that typically
contains quartz and feldspar minerals.
Obsidian : extrusive igneous rock of intermediate-acid
composition, forms when magma cools so rapidly that atoms
are unable to arrange themselves into a crystalline structure.
The result is a volcanic glass with a smooth uniform texture
that breaks with a conchoidal fracture.
 Batuan Vulkanik
Pumice : light-colored vesicular igneous rock,
forms through very rapid solidification of
acid-intermediate magma. The vesicular texture is a
result of gas trapped in the melt at the time of
solidification.
Scoria : dark-colored igneous rock with abundant
round cavities known as vesicles. It ranges in color
from black or dark gray to deep reddish brown.
Scoria usually has a composition basalt, but can
also andesite.
 Batuan Vulkanik
Basalt : dark-colored, fine-grained, mafic igneous rock Komatiite : ultramafic volcanic rock with low
composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene minerals. silicon, potassium and aluminium, and high to
It most commonly forms as an extrusive rock, such as a extremely high magnesium content.
lava flow, but can also form in small intrusive bodies,
such as an igneous dike or a thin sill.
 Lamprofir
Lamprophyre : uncommon, small volume ultrapotassic
igneous rocks primarily occurring as dikes, lopoliths, laccoliths,
stocks and small intrusions. They are alkaline
silica-undersaturated, ultramafic rocks with high magnesium
oxide, >3% potassium oxide, high sodium oxide and high nickel
and chromium. Lamprophyre dyke
 Feldspatoid Igneous Rocks
Nepheline-bearing rock Leucite-bearing rock

Feldspathoids are a group of tectosilicate minerals which resemble feldspars but have a
different structure and much lower silica content. They occur in rare and unusual types of
igneous rocks, both intrusive and vulcanic.
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