(Musik Tonal)
Oleh: Ovan Bagus Jatmika, M.Sn.
Badan Penerbit
Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta
2016
Desain Sampul
Herda Mustika, S.Sn.
Setting/ Layout
Ovan Bagus Jatmika
Penerbit
Badan Penerbit ISI Yogyakarta
Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta
Jl. Parangtritis Km. 6,5 Sewon, Yogyakarta 55187
Tlp.(0274) 384106, Fax. (0274) 384106
E-mail: lib@isi.ac.id
ISBN
978-979-8242-95-3
ii
Penulis,
Ovan Bagus Jatmika, M.Sn.
iv
Interval .................................................................................. 14
Rangkuman ........................................................................... 19
Latihan .................................................................................. 21
Pembagian beat..................................................................... 32
Rangkuman ........................................................................... 41
Latihan .................................................................................. 43
Introduksi .............................................................................. 48
Trinada .................................................................................. 48
Rangkuman ........................................................................... 57
vi
Introduksi .............................................................................. 63
Rangkuman ........................................................................... 70
Latihan .................................................................................. 72
Introduksi .............................................................................. 75
Paralel ................................................................................... 82
Rangkuman ........................................................................... 87
Latihan .................................................................................. 88
vii
Introduksi .............................................................................. 92
viii
ix
Contoh 1- 1 ..............................................................................................1
Contoh 1- 2 ..............................................................................................2
Contoh 1- 3 ..............................................................................................2
Contoh 1- 4 ..............................................................................................2
Contoh 1- 5 ..............................................................................................3
Contoh 1- 6 ..............................................................................................3
Contoh 1- 7 ..............................................................................................4
Contoh 1- 8 ..............................................................................................4
Contoh 1- 9 ..............................................................................................6
Contoh 1- 10 ............................................................................................6
Contoh 1- 11 ............................................................................................7
Contoh 1- 12 ............................................................................................8
Contoh 1- 13 ..........................................................................................11
Contoh 1- 14 ..........................................................................................13
Contoh 1- 15 ..........................................................................................14
Contoh 1- 16 ..........................................................................................15
Contoh 1- 17 ..........................................................................................15
Contoh 1- 18 ..........................................................................................16
Contoh 1- 19 ..........................................................................................16
Contoh 1- 20 ..........................................................................................17
Contoh 1- 22 ..........................................................................................18
Contoh 1- 23 ..........................................................................................19
Contoh 2- 1 ............................................................................................34
Contoh 2- 2 ............................................................................................36
Contoh 2- 3 ............................................................................................41
Contoh 2- 4 ............................................................................................41
Contoh 3- 1 ............................................................................................49
Contoh 3- 2 ............................................................................................49
Contoh 3- 3 ............................................................................................50
Contoh 3- 4 ............................................................................................51
Contoh 3- 5 ............................................................................................51
Contoh 3- 6 ............................................................................................51
Contoh 3- 7 ............................................................................................52
Contoh 3- 8 ............................................................................................54
Contoh 3- 9 ............................................................................................55
Contoh 3- 10 ..........................................................................................56
Contoh 3- 11 ..........................................................................................56
vi
Contoh 4- 1 ............................................................................................64
Contoh 4- 2 ............................................................................................65
Contoh 4- 3 ............................................................................................65
Contoh 4- 4 ............................................................................................66
Contoh 4- 5 ............................................................................................66
Contoh 4- 6 ............................................................................................67
Contoh 4- 7 ............................................................................................68
Contoh 4- 8 ............................................................................................69
Contoh 4- 9 ............................................................................................70
Contoh 5- 1 ............................................................................................77
Contoh 5- 2 ............................................................................................78
Contoh 5- 3 ............................................................................................79
Contoh 5- 4 ............................................................................................80
Contoh 5- 6 ............................................................................................81
Contoh 5- 7 ............................................................................................82
Contoh 5- 8 ............................................................................................83
vii
Contoh 5- 11 ..........................................................................................85
Contoh 5- 12 ..........................................................................................86
Contoh 6- 1 ............................................................................................94
Contoh 6- 2 ............................................................................................95
Contoh 6- 3 ............................................................................................95
Contoh 6- 4 ............................................................................................96
Contoh 6- 5 ............................................................................................96
Contoh 6- 6 ............................................................................................97
Contoh 6- 7 ............................................................................................97
Contoh 6- 8 ............................................................................................98
Contoh 6- 9 ............................................................................................99
Contoh 6- 10 ..........................................................................................99
Contoh 6- 11 ........................................................................................100
Contoh 6- 12 ........................................................................................102
Contoh 6- 13 ........................................................................................102
viii
Contoh 7- 1 ..........................................................................................109
Contoh 7- 2 ..........................................................................................110
Contoh 7- 6 ..........................................................................................112
Contoh 7- 9 ..........................................................................................115
Contoh 7- 11 ........................................................................................116
Contoh 7- 14 ........................................................................................118
Contoh 7- 16 ........................................................................................119
ix
Contoh 8- 1 ..........................................................................................127
Contoh 8- 6 ..........................................................................................132
Contoh 8- 7 ..........................................................................................132
Contoh 8- 9 ..........................................................................................133
Contoh 8- 10 ........................................................................................135
Contoh 8- 11 ........................................................................................136
Contoh 8- 12 ........................................................................................136
Tabel 2- 9. Not yang mereprentasikan beat value pada sukat simple, dan
division value pada sukat compound ....................................................... 38
Tabel 2- 10. Contoh penulisan gruping yang salah dan koreksinya ........ 39
Tabel 2- 11. Contoh gruplet pada beat simple dan compound ................ 40
Tabel 3- 1. Simbol figur bas untuk posisi dasar dan pembalikannya pada
akor trinada dan akor tujuh ...................................................................... 53
Tabel 3- 2. Simbol figur bas untuk posisi dasar dan pembalikannya pada
akor trinada dan tujuh .............................................................................. 55
xii
Contoh 1- 1
Contoh 1- 3
Contoh 1- 4
Contoh 1- 5
Contoh 1- 6
Contoh 1- 7
Contoh 1- 8
Contoh 1- 9
Contoh 1- 10
Contoh 1- 11
Contoh 1- 12
Tangganada minor
Musisi biasanya mengingat dan melatih tiga formasi
tangganada minor, walaupun ketiganya tidak digunakan dengan
frekuensi yang sama, seperti akan dibahas pada bab selanjutnya.
Jenis yang pertama adalah tangganada natural minor. Kita dapat
1
Ascending adalah gerakan melodi atau tangganada dalam arah naik (dari nada
rendah ke nada tinggi).
2
Descending adalah gerakan melodi atau tangganada dalam arah turun (dari
nada tinggi ke nada rendah).
10
Contoh 1- 13
Contoh 1- 14
13
Contoh 1- 15
Interval
Interval adalah ukuran jarak dalam pitch diantara dua nada.
Interval harmonik muncul jika dua not dibunyikan secara
bersamaan, sementara interval melodik muncul ketika not
dibunyikan secara bergantian (contoh 1-16). Metode pengukuran
interval adalah sama, baik untuk interval harmonik maupun
melodik.
14
Contoh 1- 17
15
Contoh 1- 18
Contoh 1- 19
Contoh 1- 20
Contoh 1- 21
(lebih
besar)
diminished minor mayor augmented
diminished perfect augmented
(lebih
kecil)
17
Pembalikan interval
Interval descending, khususnya yang berjarak lebar,
terkadang lebih mudah dieja dan didentifikasi melalui teknik
pembalikan interval. Kita dapat membalik interval dengan
menempatkan not bawah di atas not bagian atas: sebagai contoh,
interval D-A dibalik menjadi A-D. Ketika kita membalik interval,
simbol angka yang baru akan selalu berbeda dari yang sebelumnya.
Simbol angka yang baru dapat dihitung dengan mensubstraksi
simbol angka yang lama dari 9.
Nilai konstan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Dikurangi interval awal -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7
Hasilnya adalah interval
7 6 5 4 3 2
pembalikannya
Contoh 1- 22
18
Contoh 1- 23
Rangkuman
Pitch dalam musik merujuk pada tinggi rendah sebuah
bunyi. Pitch nada tertentu disimbolkan dengan huruf alfabet, dari A
hingga G, dan kemudian berulang ke A. Dari satu huruf ke huruf
lain yang sama, katakanlah C ke C (naik atau turun) disebut oktaf,
sedangkan jarak dari C hingga B berikutnya disebut register oktaf.
Register oktaf disimbolkan dengan nomor, dengan nada C terendah
pada piano ditulis sebagai C1. C yang terdekat dengan bagian
tengah tuts piano disebut middle C atau C4.
19
20
Latihan
1. Tulislah nama-nama pitch (dan registernya) pada gambar
berikut ini!
21
22
23
24
25
26
19. Berilah label setiap interval pada melodi berikut ini! (dari
karya Wagner berjudul Gotterdammerung)
27