Jika bx = N, dimana N adalah bilangan positif dan b juga bilangan positif, maka
eksponen x adalah logaritma dari N dengan b bilangan pokoknya, ditulis
X = b log N
Sifat-sifat logaritma
3 b log MP = p. b log M
4. b log 1 = 0
5. b log b = 1
6. b log a =
7. b log MN =
Catatan
Contoh soal :
a. Hitung 4 log 4
b. Tentukan a dari a log 32 = 5
c. Hitung 2 log 2 – log 8 + log 12
d. Tentukan x dari 2 log 2 – log 6 + 2 log 3 = log x
Jawab :
a. 4 log 64 = 4 log 43 = 3 4 log 4 = 3
b. a log 32 = 5, a = ?
a
log 32 = 5
a
log 25 = 5
5 a log 2 = 5
a
log 2 = 1, a = 2
atau bisa juga dengan cara berikut :
a
log 32 = 5
a5 = 32
a5 = 25, a = 2
c. 2 log 2 – log 8 + log 12 = log 22 – log 8 + log 12
= log 4 – log 8 + log 12
= log
= log 6
d. 2 log 2 – log 6 + 2 log 3 = log x
Log 22 – log 6 + log 32 = log x
Log 4 – log 6 + log 9 = log x
Log = log x
Log 6 = log x -> x = 6
Tugas 1 :
1. a. 2 log 32
b. log √
c. 3 log 1/9
d. ¼ log 16
e. 8 log 4
b. log x = -2
c. 3 log ( 2x + 1) = 1
d. 4 log x3 =
(x–1)
e. log (4x – 4 ) = 2
3. Tentukan y dari : a. 2 log y = log 16
Contoh :
Selesaikan persamaan x – 2 = 2 ( x – 4 )
Jawab :
x -2 = 2 ( x -4)
x -2 = 2 x – 8
x – 2x = -8 +2
-x = - 6
X=6
Contoh :
Selesaikan persamaan 5x = 8 y + 3
x + 3 y = 19
jawab
a. Cara Eliminasi
5x–8y=3 x 1 - 5x–8y =3
X + 3 y = 19 x5 5 x + 15 y = 95
-------------------- -
- 23 y = -92
Y=4
5x–8. 4=3
5 x = 3 + 32
5 x = 35
X=7
b. Cara Subsitusi
5 x – 8 y = 3----------(1)
X + 3 y = 19----------(2)
Dari ( 2 ) : x + 3 y = 19
x = 19 – 3 y----( 3 )
5x–8y=3
5 ( 19 – 3 y ) – 8y = 3
95 – 15 y – 8 y = 3
-23 y = 3 – 95
- 23 y = - 92 y = 4
X = 19 – 3 y - x = 19 – 3 . 4
X = 19 – 12 = 7
Contoh :
Selesaikan persamaan :
2 x – y + z = 3 ------------------------- ( ! )
X + 3 y – 2 z = 11-----------------------( 2 )
3 x – 2 y + 4 z = 1-----------------------( 3 )
Jawab
2x–y+z=3 x 3
X – 3 y – 2 z = 11 x1
6x–3y+3z=9
X – 3 y – 2 z = 11 +
7x +z = 20----------------------------(4)
X + 3 y – 2 z = 11 x2
3x–2y+4z=1 x3
2 x + 6 y – 4 z = 22
9 x – 6 y + 12 z = 3 +
11 x + 8 z = 25----------------------------(5)
7 x + z = 20 ------ x8
11 x + 8 z = 25---- x1
56 x + 8 z = 160
11 x + 8 z = 25 -
45 x = 135
X =3
Dari ( 4 )
7 x + z = 20
7 ( 3 ) + z = 20
21 + z = 20
Z = -1
Dari (1)
2 x – y + z =3
2 ( 3 ) –y + (-1) = 3
6–y–1=3
-y = 3 – 6 + 1
Y=2
Jadi x = 3, y = 2, z = - 1
Persamaan kuadrat
Tentukan x dari 2 x 2 -5 x + 2 = 0
Jawab :
2x2–5x+2=0
2x2–4x–x+2=0
2x (x–2)–(x–2)=0
(2x–1)(x–2)=0
X = ½ atau x = 2
Selesaikan persamaan x2 – 6 x – 2 = 0
Jawab
X 2 – 6 x – 2 = 0 ( koefisien x = - 6 )
X2– 6 x = 2
( x – 3 ) 2 = 11
X–3=±√
X=3±√
X 1= 3 + √ x2=3-√
X 1 = 3 + 3,3 x 2 = 3 – 3,3
X 1 = 6,3 x 2 = 0,3
ax2 +bx+c=0
Rumus abc
√
X=
Contoh soal :
Selesaikan 6 x 2 – x – 12 = 0
Jawab
a = 6, b = -1, c = -12
√
x=
( ) √( ) ( )( )
x=
( )
√
x=
x1 = 1 ½ x 2 = - 1 1/3
Tugas 2 :
a. ( a – b ) 3 - ( a 2 – b 2 ) ( a + b ) + b ( 2 a – b ) 2
b. :
( )
c.
( )
( )
d. √
2. Tentukan x dari :
a. - =1
( )( )
b. x = ( )( )( )
c. =
d. x =
f. x 3 – 4 x 2 – x + 4 = 0
g. x 3 + x 2 + x – 3 = 0
Kerjakan tugas 1 dan 2 dikumpulkan paling lambat satu hari sebelum kuliah
minggu depan.