Adverb (Kata Keterangan Bahasa Inggris)

Pengertian dan Fungsi Adverb dan Adverbial

Adverb adalah kata yang berfungsi untuk mendeskripsikan verb (kata kerja), adjective (kata sifat),

atau adverb lain. Sedangjan adverbial yang berarti adverb atau konstruksi lain yang berperan
sebagai adverb, seperti: adverbial phrase dan adverbial clause

Table of Contents:

 Pengertian dan Fungsi Adverb dan Adverbial

 Adverbial Phrase

 Adverbial Clause

 Adverb of Time (Waktu)

 Adverb of Manner (Cara)

 Adverb of Degree (Derajat)

 Adverb of Frequency (Frekuensi)

 Adverb of Place (Tempat)

 Adverb of Modality (Harapan)

 Adverbial of Purpose (Tujuan)

 Focusing Adverb

 Forming Adverbs (Pembentukan Kata Keterangan)

 Adverbial Placement dan Order

 Adverb Degrees

contoh kalimat adverb (kata keterangan bahasa Inggris)

Contoh Fungsi Adverb

I completely agree with you.

mendeskripsikan verb
(Saya sepenuhnya setuju denganmu.)

The room was good enough for me.

mendeskripsikan adjective
(Ruangan tersebut cukup baik untuk saya.)

She speaks really fast.
mendeskripsikan adverb lain
(Dia berbicara dengan sangat cepat.)

Adverbial phrase merupakan kelompok kata yang terdiri

dari adverb dengan qualifier (seperti: very, so, dan enough) atau kelompok kata
seperti: prepositional phrase atau infinitive phrase yang berfungsi seperti adverb.
 Adverbial Phrase Contoh

adverb + qualifier very fast, so quickly

prepositional phrase before lunch, during the war

infinitive phrase to pass the exam, to gain weight

contoh kalimat adverbial phrase dan artinya

Adverbial clause merupakan dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai kata keterangan dan

memberikan informasi tentang verb, adjective, atau kata keterangan lain pada independent clause di
dalam suatu complex sentence. Klausa ini mungkin dapat dipersingkat (reduced adverbial clause) jika
di dalam complex sentence hanya terdapat satu macam subject.

Contoh Kalimat Adverbial Clause Contoh Kalimat Reduced Adverbial Clause

Because he didn’t feel well, he went to bed early. Not feeling well, he went to bed early.
(Karena tidak merasa sehat, dia pergi tidur lebih (Tidak merasa sehat, dia pergi tidur lebih
awal.) awal.)

Contoh Perbandingan Adverb dan Adverbial

The waiter smiles politely.

adverb
(Pelayan tersebut tersenyum dengan sopan.)

The waiter smiles in a friendly way.

adverbial phrase
(Pelayan tersebut tersenyum dengan ramah.)

The waiter smiled when I entered the restaurant.

adverbial clause
(Pelayan tersenyum ketika saya masuk restoran.)

Macam-Macam Adverb(ial)

Adverb merupakan satu dari delapan part of speech ini dapat dibedakan menjadi beberapa macam,
antara lain: adverb of time (waktu), adverb of manner (cara), adverb of degree (derajat), adverb of
frequency (frekuensi), adverb of place (tempat), adverb of modality (harapan), dan focusing adverb.
Berikut penjelasan dan contohnya.

1. Adverb of Time (Waktu)

Adverb of time adalah kata keterangan untuk menyatakan waktu terjadinya suatu kegiatan

atau peristiwa.

Contoh Adverb(ial) of Time

  two days ago (dua hari lalu),

 already (sudah)

 before dawn (sebelum fajar)

 early (awal; sebelum waktunya)

 finally (akhirnya; setelah waktu yang lama)

 last year (tahun lalu)

 later (nanti)

 next week (minggu depan)

 now (sekarang)

 since yesterday (sejak kemarin)

 then (pada saat itu (di masa lalu atau masa depan))

 today (hari ini, pada saat ini)

 tomorrow (besok)

 yesterday (kemarin)

Contoh Kalimat Adverb(ial) of Time

1 It’s hard to wake up early if you sleep late.

(Kamu sulit bangun lebih awal jika kamu tidur larut malam.)

2 I haven’t seen him since yesterday.

(Saya belum melihatnya sejak kemarin.) prepositional phrase

2. Adverb of Manner (Cara)

Adverb of manner adalah kata keterangan untuk menyatakan cara suatu kegiatan dilakukan atau
peristiwa terjadi.

Contoh Adverb(ial) of Manner

 automatically (secara otomatis)

 carefully (secara hati-hati)

 clearly (dengan jelas)

 correctly (dengan benar)

 fast (dengan cepat)

 fluently (dengan lancar)
  hard (dengan keras)

 quickly (dengan cepat)

 slowly (dengan lambat)

 successfully (dengan sukses)

 suddenly (secara tiba-tiba)

 well (dengan baik)

 in a friendly way (dengan cara yang bersahabat)

 like a child (seperti anak-anak)

Contoh Kalimat Adverb(ial) of Manner

1 I asked him to explain the situation a little more clearly.

(Saya memintanya untuk menjelaskan situasi tersebut sedikit lebih jelas.)

2 My goal is to speak English fluently.

(Cita-cita saya adalah berbicara Inggris dengan fasih.)

Soal Adverb of Manner

3. Adverb of Degree (Derajat)

Adverb of degree untuk menyatakan sampai seberapa jauh (tingkatan atau derajat) suatu kegiatan
atau peristiwa.

Contoh Adverb of Degree

 completely

 enough

 entirely

 extremely

 hardly

 positively

 rather

 really

 so

 somewhat

 strongly
  too

 totally

 very

Contoh Kalimat Adverb of Manner

1 Anita really enjoys cooking.
(Anita benar-benar senang memasak.)

2 You work too hard.
(Kamu bekerja terlalu keras.)

4. Adverb of Frequency (Frekuensi)

Adverb of frequency merupakan kata keterangan yang menyatakan seberapa sering suatu kegiatan

dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi.

Contoh Adverb(ial) of Frequency

 always, constantly (selalu/100%)

 usually, normally (biasanya)

 often (sering)

 sometimes (kadang-kadang/50%)

 occasionally, infrequently, seldom (sekali-sekali/10-25%)

 rarely, hardly ever (jarang/1-10%)

 never (tidak pernah)

 monthly (setiap bulan)

 weekly (setiap minggu)

 daily (setiap hari)

 hourly (setiap jam)

 every second (setiap detik)

 once every month (sekali setiap bulan)

 three times (tiga kali)

Contoh Kalimat Adverb(ial) of Frekuensi

1 She often wears flat shoes.

(Dia sering memakai sepatu datar.)
 2 I visit my grandfather once every month.
(Saya mengunjungi kakek sekali sebulan.)

Soal Adverb of Frequency

5. Adverb of Place (Tempat)

Adverb of place adalah kata keterangan untuk membicarakan di mana suatu kegiatan dilakukan atau
peristiwa terjadi (location), arah ke mana seseorang atau sesuatu berpindah (direction), seberapa
jauh seseorang atau sesuatu (distance), atau kombinasi diantaranya.

Contoh Adverb(ial) of Place

 above (di tempat/posisi yang lebih tinggi)

 abroad (di/ke luar negeri)

 across (dari satu sisi ke sisi yang lain)

 anywhere (di/ke tempat apapun)

 away (di/ke tempat lain, ke arah lain)

 backward(s) (ke belakang)

 downstairs (di/ke lantai yang lebih rendah)

 east (di/ke timur)

 here (disini, kesini)

 indoors (di dalam ruangan)

 nearby (dekat)

 uphill (ke atas bukit/lereng)

 at home (di rumah)

 under the bed (di bawah tempat tidur)

Contoh Kalimat Adverb(ial) of Place

1 A good friend of mine lives nearby.

(Seorang teman baik saya tinggal dekat sini.)

2 I store nothing under my bed.

(Saya tidak menyimpan apapun di bawah tempat tidur.)

6. Adverb of Modality (Harapan)

Adverb of modality merupakan kata keterangan untuk menyatakan tingkat keyakinan atau harapan.

Contoh Adverb of Modality

  hopefully (mudah-mudahan)

 likely (sangat mungkin)

 maybe (barangkali/mungkin)

 perhaps (barangkali/mungkin)

 possibly (barangkali/mungkin)

 probably (barangkali/mungkin)

Contoh Kalimat Adverb of Modality

1 Maybe they won’t come.

(Mungkin mereka tidak akan datang.)

2 You’re probably wondering why I’ve gathered you all here.

(Kalian mungkin bertanya-tanya mengapa saya mengumpulkan kalian semua disini.)

7. Adverbial of Purpose (Tujuan)

Adverbial of purpose adalah konstruksi yang berperan sebagai adverb dan menjawab pertanyaan

“why”. Konstruksi tersebut dapat berupa prepositional phrase dengan preposition “for”
dan infinitive phrase.

Contoh Kalimat Adverbial of Purpose

1 Let’s go for a spin.

(Mari kita berjalan-jalan sebentar dengan mobil.)

2 He left work early to take his child to the doctor.

(Dia pulang kerja lebih cepat untuk membawa anaknya ke dokter.)

8. Focusing Adverb

Focusing adverb adalah kata keterangan yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa apa yang
dibicarakan terbatas pada bagian yang difokuskan.

Contoh Focusing Adverb

 also

 as well

 even

 in addition

 just

 mainly
  only

 too

Contoh Kalimat Focusing Adverb

1 I notice you haven’t even touched your breakfast.

(Saya perhatikan kamu bahkan belum menyentuk sarapanmu.)

2 Only you who are responsible for your decisions.

(Hanya dirimu yang bertanggungjawab terhadap keputusan-keputusanmu.)

Forming Adverbs (Pembentukan Kata Keterangan)

Sebagian besar adverb  berdasarkan kata yang sama dengan adjective dengan

penambahan suffix (akhiran) -ly.

Lihat:

 Forming Adverbs

-ly adverb biasanya dapat ditemui pada adverb of manner dan adverb of degree.

Adapula adverb yang bentuknya persis sama dengan adjective yang disebut flat adverb yang
biasanya digunakan pada informal speech dan short imperative sentence. Selain itu, ada
juga adverb yang tidak ada kaitannya dengan adjective.

-ly adverb (adjective + -ly) awkwardly, carelessly, fairly

flat adverb (adjective + ø) deep, fast, hard, high, tight

adverb ≠ adjective just, so, too, very

Adverbial Placement dan Order

Suatu  adverb mungkin dapat ditempatkan di awal, tengah, atau akhir kalimat tergantung
macam adverb-nya.

Lihat:

 Adverb Placement

Jika ada lebih dari satu kata adverb di dalam suatu kalimat, kita perlu mengikuti aturan adverb order:
manner – place – frequency – time – purpose.

Contoh Kalimat Adverbial Order

He studied hard at school last year to enter the school Keterangan:

(Dia belajar keras di sekolah tahun kemarin untuk dapat
 hard = adverb of manner
masuk ke sekolah tersebut.)
  at school = adverbial of place

 last year = adverbial of time

 to get good grades =

adverbial of purpose

Adverb Degrees

Adverb dapat digunakan untuk membuat perbandingan. Kata ini dapat mengalami perubahan

bentuk sesuai dengan jenis perbandingannya. Positive degree untuk membandingkan
kesetaraan, comparative degree untuk membandingkan dua hal, dan superlative
degree untuk membandingkan tiga hal atau lebih.

Contoh Kalimat Adverb Degrees

1 She doesn’t walks as slowly as a turtle.

(Dia tidak berjalan selambat kura-kura.) positive degree

2 She doesn’t walks more slowly than a turtle.

(Dia tidak berjalan lebih lambat dari kura-kura.) comparative degree

3 She runs the most slowly in my class.

(Dia berlari paling lambat di kelas saya.) superlative degree

EXCERSISES

The child was playing………………………. (dangerous / dangerously) near to the edge of the
swimming pool.
2. I was ………………………….. (scarce / scarcely) able to move my arm after the accident.
3. The snow fell ………………………….. (silent / silently).
4. Have I pronounced your name ………………………… (correct / correctly) ?
5. I am sorry, Madam, the restaurant is ………………………… (full / fully) booked.
6. The election campaign was not conducted very ……………………………. (clean / cleanly).
7. You must put matters ………………………….. (right / rightly) by telling the truth.
8. We thought the book had been very ………………………….. (good / well) researched.
9. In some cities you do not feel ………………………….. (safe / safely) going out alone at night.
10. The wolrd’s financial markets are ever more …………………………. (close / closely) linked.
11. Their house is ………………………….. (beautiful / beautifully) decorated.
12. The film has a ……………………….. (bored / boredly / boringly) predictable ending.
13. I think you should take it somewhere to have it mended ……………………… (proper /
properly).
14. The accident was ………………………….. (clear / clearly) the lorry driver’s fault.
15. Divide the mixture …………………………. (even / evenly) between the baking pans.
16. These will be the first …………………………… (genuine / genuinely) free elections in the
country.
17. The house was ………………………….. (safe / safely) locked up.
18. In the smaller villages, it is ………………………. (most / mostly) very quiet at night.
19. His clothes are all ……………………….. (neat / neatly) folded in their drawers.
20. He died …………………………… (peaceful / peacefully) in his sleep.
21. My piano playing has improved ……………………………. (significant / significantly) since I
have had a new teacher.
22. He sleeps ………………………….. (light / lightly) and always hears the baby when she cries.
23. The traffic is moving very ………………………. (slow / slowly) ahead of us.
24. He had …………………………… (complete / completely) changed – I did notrecognize him.
25. …………………………… (interested / interestedly / interestingly) enough, he never actually
said that he was innocent.
26. You could ………………………… (hard / hardly) stand up because the wind was so strong.
27. She just …………………………. (sudden / suddenly) decided that she had had enough and
she left him.
28. I have …………………………… (near / nearly) finished that book you lent me.
29. She stumbled …………………………. (sleepy / sleepily) into the bathroom.
30. He spoke ………………………….. (tiring / tired / tiredly) of his ordeal.
31. We really ought to leave ……………………… (immediate / immediately).
32. They quite ……………………….. (right / rightly) complained to the manager.
33. He ……………………… (cool / coolly) placed the money on the table and walked out.
34. The company’s financial situation is looking rather ……………………….. (bad / badly) at the
moment.
35. They dealt with the problem ………………………… (quick / quickly / fast) and efficiently.
36. I love the smell of ………………………. (fresh / freshly) baked bread.
37. Do not fill your glass too …………………………. (full / fully) or you will only spill it.
38. The teacher explained the point as ………………………… (simple / simply) as she could.
39. He told them ………………………. (polite / politely) to leave him in peace.
40. None of the passangers had been ………………………….. (bad / badly) injured in the
accident.
41. She was …………………………. (strange / strangely) calm – I found it quite disturbing.
42. I cannot ski ………………………… (awful / awfully) well.
43. Ever since the illness I get tired very ………………………… (easy / easily).
44. Our car has only ………………………….. (recent / recently) been repaired.
45. I cannot ……………………………. (honest / honestly) say what time I will be home.
46. Until recently the civil war had been ……………………….. (large / largely) ignored by the
outside world.
47. All the information will be treated ………………………… (confidential / confidentially).
48. I was standing just ………………………. (near / nearly) enough to hear what they were
saying.
49. She …………………………… (narrow / narrowly) missed winning an Oscar.
50. Please seal the envelope …………………………….. (firm / firmly) before posting it.

Kunci Jawaban:

1. Dangerously
2. Scarcely
3. Silently
4. Correctly
5. Fully
6. Cleanly
7. Rightly
8. Well
9. Safely
10. Closely
11. Beautifully
12. Boringly
13. Properly
14. Clearly
15. Evenly
16. Genuinely
17. Safely
18. Mostly
19. Neatly
20. Peacefully
21. Significantly
22. Lightly
23. Slowly
24. Completely
25. Interestingly
26. Hardly
27. Suddenly
28. Nearly
29. Sleepily
30. Tiredly
31. Immediately
32. Rightly
33. Coolly
34. Badly
35. Quickly
36. Freshly
37. Fully
38. Simply
39. Politely
40. Badly
41. Strangely
42. Awfully
43. Easily
44. Recently
45. Honestly
46. Largely
47. Confidentially
48. Nearly
49. Narrowly
50. Firmly