PART OF SPEECH

Didalam bahasa Inggris (grammar) terdapat “delapan bagian “ yang biasa dikenal
dengan “PART OF SPEECH”

Interjection
Verb Conjunction
Adjective Preposition
Adverb pronoun

Bacalah paragraph dibawah ini dan perhatikan kata kata yang dihitamkan (bold)

Ratna is a midwifery student. She is a very hardworking student. Ratna always

passes her midwifery subject. However, she is very weak in English. She speaks
English poorly and her spelling is very bad. Her friends can barely understand her
when she speaks. So, her lecturer advices her to improve her English. Yesterday, she
went to the bookshop and bought an English book. She find the book interesting
and could not wait for her first English lesson to start. Good luck Ratna !

Kata yang yang dihitamkan pada paragraph diatas adalah bagian dari part of speech
dan masing masing mempunyai fungsi yang berbeda beda.
NOUN PRONOUN
A Noun is a name of a person, animal, place or thing A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun
(nama orang, binatang atau sesuatu) (kata ganti yang digunakan menggantikan orang
Contoh: a midwifery student atau benda)
contoh: she
VERB
A verb may be said to be a”doing word” or an action PREPOSITION
word ( kata kerja ) A preposition is a word that takes the place of a
contoh ; pass, is noun (kata yang ditempatkan sebelum kata benda)
contoh : to
ADJECTIVE
An adjective describes a noun ( kata sifat adalah CONJUNCTION
kata yang digunakan untuk menambahkan arti A conjunction is a word used to joint words and
pada kata benda atau kata yang menerangkan kata clauses (kata penghubung yang berfungsi untuk
benda) menghubungkan dua kalimat atau lebih menjadi
Contoh: hardworking satu kalimat)
contoh: so
ADVERB
An adverb generally modifies a verb ( kata EXCLAMATION / INTERJECTION
keterangan yang memberikan kejelasan terhadap An exclamation or interjection expresses sudden
kata kerja) emotion (kata seru adalah kata yang digunakan
Contoh: poorly untuk mengungkapkan suatu perasaan yang kuat
seperti kekaguman, rasa sakit, atau kegembiraan)
contoh : Good Luck Ratna
I. ADJECTIVES / kata sifat

A. Pengertian Adjectives
Kata sifat adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menambahkan arti pada kata yang
menerangkan kata benda
contoh:
1. Midwife Andini is a caring person
Adjective- caring describes the noun person
2. The ward is tidy
Adjective – tidy

B. Posisi atau Letak Adjectives

1. Sebelum kata benda
Contoh:
a. The contaminated needle must be disposed of
Adjective noun
b. The haughty doctor ordered me to observe the patient’s vital signs
Adjective noun
2. Setelah kata kerja seperti: like be, seem, appear, look, sound, smell, taste, feel,
become, get.
contoh:
a. The patient seems withdrawn today
Verb adjective
b. I felt relief that the operation was a success
Verb adjective
c. The water in the tank is murky
Be verb adjective
 Latihan . Berikan garis bawah pada kata adjectives dalam kalimat dibawah ini

1. The newborn baby became restless when his diaper was soiled
2. The overweight child prefers sedentary activities
3. Normally, a toothbrush head gets worn, split and uneven after three
months
4. He appeared uneasy when we asked about her disease
5. The cough syrup tastes bitter. However, the young boy was brave
enough to swallow it
6. Certain bacteria or tissues are acid-fast

C. Jenis-jenis Adjectives
1. Limitting adjectives/ kata sifat terbatas
Article(kata sandang), terdiri dari: a, an, dan the.
• a untuk kata berawalan consonan,
contoh: a pen, a book, a cat, etc.
• an untuk kata berawalan vocal,
Contoh: an apple, an eagle, an hour, an orange, etc.
• the untuk benda tunggal,
contoh: the earth, the sea, the moon, the sun, etc.

Latihan Isikan a, an atau the

1. would you like ............tomato? There’s one in ........ fridge

2. I have got ........... problem with my phone bill
3. yes, go to ....fifth floor, .......... lift is along the corridor.
4. I’m going out for ... walk
5. They are on........floor in .......... kitchen.

2. Demonstrative Adjectives / kata sifat penunjuk

This = ini, menunjukkan benda yang dekat dalam bentuk tunggal
Contoh : this is my stetoscope.
These= ini, untuk menunjuk benda yang dekat dalam bentuk jamak
Contoh : these house are mine
That = itu, untuk menunjuk benda jauh dalam bentuk tunggal
Contoh : that book which you are reading is mine
Those= itu, untuk menunjuk benda jauh dalam benda jamak.
Contoh : those woman are our patients.

3. Possessives Adjective / kata sifat kepunyaan

My=punyaku
Contoh: my patient is a teacher
Your= punya kamu
Contoh : your neighbour is a midwife
our= punya kami/kita
contoh : our teacher expect us to study hard
their=punya mereka
 contoh : their lecturers always come on time
His=punya dia laki-laki
Contoh: his wife is a nurse
her=punya dia perempuan
contoh : her husband is a doctor
its= punya dia, benda mati atau binatang
contoh: i have a book. Its colour is red
( untuk lebih jelasnya lihat modul 3 Kegiatan Belajar 1)

4. Numeral adjective / kata sifat bilangan

• Cardinal number (bilangan pokok)
Contoh : 0 = zero
1 = one
2 = two etc
• Ordinal number (bilangan urutan)
Contoh : the first = ke satu
the second = kedua
the third = ketiga
the fourth = keempat etc
Dalam penulisan harus diikuti oleh “the”
Contoh : The fourth grade
• Fraction number (bilangan pecahan)
Contoh : 1/2 = a half,
¼ = a fourth / a quarter
1/ 3 = a third
2/3 = two-third

5. Adjective of Indefinite quantity / kata sifat jumlah tidak tentu

• Many : banyak , untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung, pada kalimat negative
dan interrogative
Contoh ; How many patients are there in your clinic?
• Much : banyak, digunakan untuk kata benda yang tak dapat dihitung pada
kalimat negative dan interogatif
Contoh: Do you have much money?
• A lot of : banyak , digunakan untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung pada kalimat
positif
Contoh : I have a lot of patients today.
• Plenty of: banyak, digunakan untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung dan tidak
dapat dihitung dalam kalimat positif
Contoh : we have plenty of time
You must drink plenty of water
• A great many : banyak, untuk kata benda yang dapat di hitung pada kalimat
positif.
Contoh : My mother has a great many rings
• A few : beberapa , untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung
Contoh: I hope you can stay here for a few days.
• A little : sedikit, untuk kata benda yang tidak dapat di hitung
Contoh : there is a little water in th bottle
 • Several : beberapa, untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung
Contoh: several students go to hospital today
• All : semua , untuk benda yang dapat dihitung dan tidak dapat dihitung
Contoh : All students must go to clinic now.

Latihan Complete paragraph dibawah ini dengan many, few, much or little

The Islanders do not have (1)..............money , and they have (2 ) ........ contact
with the outside world. There is not (3) .... chance of the place attracting large
numbers of tourists. There are lots of bicycles but not (4) ........... cars. And there
are hardly any of the modern facilities. There are (5) ....... shops, and there is
(6)......... entertainment.

6. Interogative adjectives / kata sifat penanya

terdiri dari: which, what, whose

D. Adjective Clause
Adjective clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai adjective. adjective clause
dimulai dengan relative pronoun atau relative adverb.

Berikut ini beberapa contoh adjective clause:

1. Adjective clause dengan relative pronoun
Contoh: The man who is sitting over there is my father
2. Adjective Clause dengan relative adverb
Contoh: This is the reason why she did it.

II. ADVERBS / kata keterangan

Adverbs adalah kata keterangan yang menerangkan verb, adjectives atau adverb
yang lain atau menambahkan kejelasan arti pada kata kerja.
contoh:
1. We must examine the patients thoroughly
Adverb – thoroughly describes the action examine
2. The clinical assistant walked hastily towards the ambulance
Adverb-hastily describes the action walked

A. Adverb clausa
Adverbs dikategorikan dalam beberapa klas menurut penggunaaaanya.
Macam macam adverb clausa :
A. Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of manner adalah keterangan yang menyatakan cara
contoh:
- He eats alone
- The doctor examines his patients conscientiously
B. Adverbs of place
Adverbs of place adalah menyatakan tempat.
contoh:
- She searched for the psychiatric patient everywhere.
- I shall meet you here tomorrow
C. Adverbs of time
Adverbs of time digunakan untuk menyatakan waktu atau ketika sesuatu terjadi.
 contoh:
- The surgeon are performing the operation now.
- We have already documented the procedure.
D. Adverbs of degree
Adverbs of degree digunalan untuk menyatakan suatu keadaan atau suatu kegiatan
contoh:
- The surgical wound is healing very well.
- The admission and emergency Department is quite busy during the festive
season due to the increase in road accidents
E. Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of frequency digunakan untuk menunjukan berapa sering kegiatan atau
aktifitas dilakukan.
contoh:
- Patients in the intensive Care Unit must always be monitored
- She constantly complains of angina.

Penulisan Adverb
Biasanya adverb dibentuk dari adjectives dengan menambahkan ly.

Adverbs ending in –ily

Examples:
Full - • Easy - Easily
- • Noisy - Noisily
- • Hungry - Hungrily
- • Voluntary - Votluntarily

Adverbs, like adjectives, form their oppo- Adverbs ending with –iy
sites with prefixes. Examples:
Examples: • Proper - Properly
• Uncertainly • Accurate - Accurately
• Illegibly • Meticulous - Meticulously
• Impatiently • Cheerful - Cheerfully
• Uncaringly

Some adverbs do not have prefix or suffix.

Examples:
Adverbs ending in-ally • Fast
Examples: • Hard
• Scientific - Scientifically • Loud
• Systematic - systematically
• Early
• Surgical - Surgically
 Latihan . Berikan garis bawah pada jawaban yang benar
1. The ambulance rushed (slowly, speedily) along the highway to take the patient to
the hospital
2. The students nurses made up the bed (neatly, lazily) to make it comfortable for
the patient
3. The doctor advised me to take my medication (regularly, frequently)
4. The midwife (clumsily, carefully) spilled some disinfectant on the bed linen
5. Despite their grief, the relatives of the patient were glad that she died (awkwardly,
peacefully)
6. The mother of the newborn baby is happy to see the baby sleeping (restlessly,
soundly) in his crib
7. Dr.Ahmad always prefers to eat (lonely, alone) at the food court
8. They are extremely displeased with the patients for behaving (rudely, wisely)
towards the nurses
9. After visiting hours, relatives of the patients are (patiently, politely) asked to leave
10. The opening ceremony of the International midwifery conference will start (shortly,
quickly). I hope we will not be late.

1. Carilah artikel dalam bahasa Inggris. Carilah kata kata sulit yang belum anda pahami
kemudian identifikasi adjective dan adverb dalam artikel tersebut.