Mata Kuliah : Bahasa Inggris

Tingkat/Semester : I/II
Lesson/Pertemuan : 2/2
Topic :
Basic Structure: English Part of Speech (Noun, Pronoun, Verb,
Adjective, Adverbs, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection (Writing
and Grammar)
Capaian : 1. Mahasiswa memahami konsep English Part of Speech
Pembeljaran 2. Mahasiswa mampu memahami ke 8 English part of speech
dan fungsinya didalam kalimat.
3. Mahasiswa mampu mengidentifikasi English Part of Speech
didalam kalimat.

ENGLISH PART OF SPEECH

Dalam belajar Bahasa Inggris pastinya kita sering mendengar istilah noun, adjective, pronoun,
dan sebagainya. Istilah-istilah tersebut sangat memiliki peran penting dalam pembentukan
sebuah kalimat. Sama halnya dengan Bahasa Indonesia, sebuah kalimat perlu memiliki kata
kerja, kata sifat, keterangan, dan lainnya. Jika disatukan, peranan-peranan penting ini
dinamakan parts of speech.
What is Part of Speech?
Parts of speech merupakan klasifikasi dari kata-kata yang dikategorikan dari peran dan
fungsinya dalam struktur kalimat sebuah bahasa.
Parts of speech memiliki delapan jenis yang memiliki tugasnya masing-masing dalam sebuah
kalimat.
Ada delapan part of speech, yaitu: noun (kata benda), pronoun (kata ganti), verb (kata
kerja), adjective (kata sifat), adverb (kata keterangan), preposition (kata depan),
conjunction (kata hubung), dan interjection (kata seru).
Kinds of Part of Speech:
1. Noun (N)
Noun atau Kata benda Part of speech ini berfungsi untuk menamai orang, tempat, benda, atau
ide. Umumnya, noun didahului oleh partikel a, an, dan the.
Noun juga dapat berbentuk singular atau plural dan konkrit atau abstrak. Dalam suatu kalimat,
noun bisa berfungsi sebagai subjek, objek langsung, objek tidak langsung, pelengkap subjek,
atau objek dari suatu preposisi.
Macam-macam Noun antara lain:
 countable dan uncountable noun,
 proper dan common noun,
 abstract dan concrete noun, dan
 collective noun.
Contoh:
 Countable noun (dapat dihitung): Book, car, foot, mountain, tree.
 Uncountable noun (tidak dapat dihitung): English, happiness, meat, milk, snow.
 Common noun (umum): Country, desert, physicist.
 Proper noun (spesifik): Indonesia, Sahara, Albert Einstein
 Abstract noun (menyatakan ide, konsep, perasaan, keadaan, sifat, atau karakter):
Idea, honesty, imagination, kindness, love, speaking, government, nation......etc.
 Concrete noun (berupa material atau berwujud nyata): Cheese, desk, man, sugar,
water.
 Collective noun (nama kelompok atau kumpulan): Class, deer, couple, furniture
Contoh dalam kalimat:
 Have you seen my dog?
 The capital of Italy is Rome
 How many stars are there in the universe?
 Sometimes it takes courage to tell the truth.
 Writing a story is her hobby.
 There are lots of people but we don't have a car.
 Air-conditioners use a lot of electricity.
 His family live in different countries.
 Can we use the swimming pool?

2. Pronoun (Pro)
Pronoun atau kata ganti digunakan untuk menggantikan noun. Parts of speech ini
bermanfaat untuk menghindari repetisi penggunaan noun.
Macam-macamnya antara lain personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun, interrogative
pronoun, relative pronoun, indefinite pronoun, reflexive pronoun, intensive pronoun, dan
reciprocal pronoun. Contoh:
 Personal pronoun: I, you, we, they, she, he, it.
 Demonstrative pronoun: This, that, these, those.
 Interrogative pronoun: Who, what, which, whom, whose.
 Relative pronoun: Who, which, whom, whose, that.
 Indefinite pronoun: Another, anything, everything, none, someone.
 Reflexive pronoun dan intensive pronoun: Myself, yourself, ourselves, themselves,
herself.
 Reciprocal pronoun: Each other, one another.
Contoh dalam kalimat:
 I am 16.
  You seem lost.
 Can you help me, please?
 She doesn't like him.
 This bag is mine.
 Yours is not blue.
 He hurt himself on the stairs.
 You yourself asked Jake to come.
 These are my friends John and Michael.
 Everybody enjoyed the concert.
 Peter and Mary helped each other. = Peter helped Mary and Mary helped Peter.

3. Verb (V)

Verb atau kata kerja digunakan untuk menunjukkan tindakan dari subject, menunjukkan
peristiwa, atau keadaan.
Ada dua kata kerja dalam Bahasa Inggris yaitu:

1. Main Verb
2. Helping Verb

Main Verb (kata Kerja Utama)

Main verb disebut juga Full verb adalah kata kerja yang dapat berdiri sendiri dalam satu
kalimat. Full verb disebut juga dengan kata kerja utama, yakni kata kerja utama atau kata
kerja inti yang pasti ada dalam sebuah kalimat.

Contoh dalam kalimat:

 She ironed her dress.

 He drove to the mountains
 She accepted the job offer
 Sam wants a bike.
 We went to the coffee shop
 Henry loves billiards.

Helping Verb/Auxiliary Verb (Kata Kerja Bantu)

Auxiliary verb adalah kata kerja bantu. Keberadaannya dalam suatu kalimat berguna untuk
melengkapi verb (kata kerja). Tidak hanya itu, Keberadaan auxiliary dalam suatu kalimat
berfungsi untuk menyambungkan dua kata, sehingga didapatkan makna yang sesuai.

Auxiliary verb selalu muncul sebelum kata kerja utama. Biasanya dalam satu full verb terdiri
dari kata kerja utama dan satu atau lebih auxiliary. Jenis auxiliary verb, antara lain:

 To be : be, are, am, is, was, were, been, being

 To do: do, does, did
 To have : have, has, had
 Modals: will, would, can, could, may, might, shall, should, must

Contoh dalam kalimat:

 I am crying right now.

 She doesn’t go to school
 She has been a kind and caring friend to us.
 They had eaten all the food stored in the refrigerator
 We must tell Mom about this
 I can tell the world that I love you

4. Adjective (Adj)

Adjective adalah suatu kata yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan atau memodifikasi noun
atau pronoun. Biasanya terletak sebelum noun atau pronoun.

Adjective adalah kata yang digunakan untuk mendeskripiskan noun (kata benda) atau pronoun
(kata ganti) yang dapat berupa orang (person), tempat (place), hewan (animal), benda atau
konsep abstrak (thing). Contoh jenis Kata sifat ini adalah:

Character and quality

Kind, friendly, humble, arrogant, charitable, careful, helpful, greedy,
lazy, beautiful, pretty, handsome, smart, brilliant, bad, ugly, …
Size
Small, big, short, long, low, high, tall, huge, thin, thick, narrow, wide,
near, far, …
Age and temperature
Young, old, ancient, modern, warm, hot, cold, …
 Participles (V-ing dan V3)
Boring, bored, tiring, tired, confusing, confused, interesting,
interested, scaring, scared, amazing, amazed, …
Shape
Cube, oval, square, triangle, circle, …
Color
Black, white, blue, green, crimson, purple, yellowish, reddish,
Possessive Adjective
Possessive adjective adalah adjective kepemilikan yang harus diikuti oleh noun.
My
Your (mu)
Your (kalian)
Our
Their
Her
His
Its
Article
A, an, the
Interrogative Adjective
What, which, whose
Cardinal number
One, two, thre, four,......
Ordinal number
First (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd), fourth (4th),.......
Quantity
Some, any, much, a lot of, ......

Contoh dalam kalimat:

 The sky became dark.

 His story seemed interesting.
 Many books are written in English.
 Which book are you reading?
 What a bright boy (the student is)!
 A baseball is round.
 Her small round pink face

5. Adverb (Adv)

Biasanya digunakan untuk menggambarkan atau memodifikasi suatu kata kerja (verb), kata
sifat (adjective), atau adverb lainnya.
Namun,kata keterangan tidak pernah mendeskripsikan suatu kata benda (noun) dan biasanya
menjawab pertanyaan how, when, where, why, under what conditions, atau to what degree.
Tak hanya itu, adverb suatu adjective biasanya berakhir dengan partikel –ly, seperti deeply,
extremely, happily, fairly, dan lainnya, tapi ada juga adverb yang tidak berasal dari adjective
seperti very, somewhat, only, quite, dan lain-lain.

Adapun macam-macam kata keterangan dalam Bahasa Inggris adalah:

 Adverb of time (early, recently, yesterday, now, tonight)

 Adverb of manner (fast, hard, slowly, softly, quickly)
 Adverb of degree (enough, quite, so, too, very)
 Adverb of modality (likely, maybe, perhaps, possibly, unlikely)
 Adverb of frequency (always, barely, daily, often, sometimes)
 Adverb of place (away, behind, here, nearby, somewhere)
 Adverb of focus (also, even, just, mainly, only)

Contoh dalam kalimat:

 When? She always arrives early.

 How? He drives carefully.
 In what way? She eats slowly.
 To what extent? It is terribly hot.
 Julia dances well.
 The adverb is usually placed before the main verb.
 I can normally make the shot.
 I will always love

6. Preposition (Prep)

Merupakan suatu parts of speech yang diletakkan sebelum noun atau pronoun untuk
membentuk suatu frasa yang memodifikasi kata lainnya dalam suatu kalimat. Oleh karena itu,
preposisi selalu menjadi bagian dari suatu frasa preposisi. Preposition hampir selalu berfungsi
sebagai adjective atau adverb. Kata depan dalam Bahasa Inggris dibagi menjadi beberapa
macam, antara lain:

 Preposition of time (after, before, during, since, until)

 Preposition of place (above, at, in, on, under)
  Preposition of movement (inside, into, off, toward(s), up)
 Prepositition of manner (by, in, like, on, with(out))
 Preposition of purpose (for)
 Preposition of quantity/measure (for, by)

Contoh dalam kalimat:

 I prefer to read in the library.

 He climbed up the ladder to get onto the roof.
 Please sign your name on the dotted line after you read the contract.
 I was born two minutes before my twin brother.
 We go to school on Mondays, but not on Sunday
 Christmas is on December 25th.
 Buy me a present on my birthday

7. Conjunction (Conj)

Parts of speech yang ini berfungsi untuk menghubungkan kata, frasa, atau klausa dan juga
untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara elemen kalimat yang dihubungkan.
Terdapat beberapa jenis conjunction, yaitu:

 Coordinate conjunction (menghubungkan dua konstruksi gramatikal yang sama): And,

but, nor, or, yet
 Correlative conjunction (digunakan berpasangan): Between … and, either … or, from
… to, rather … than, if … then.
 Subordinate conjunction (membentuk adverbial clause): After, because, before,
although, when.
 Conjunctive adverb (menghubungkan dengan logis dua independent clause yang
berurutan): At last, besides, however, hence, then.

Contoh dalam Kalimat:

 I tried to hit the nail but hit my thumb instead.

 I have two goldfish and a cat.
 I’d like a bike for commuting to work.
 You can have peach ice cream or a brownie sundae.
 Neither the black dress nor the gray one looks right on me.
 My dad always worked hard so we could afford the things we wanted.
  I try very hard in school yet I am not receiving good grades.
 She didn’t come to school yesterday because she was sick

8. Interjection (Inter)

Interjection (kata seru) Interjection merupakan kata yang digunakan untuk mengekspresikan
tingkat emosi yang berbeda. Secara tata bahasa, biasanya dilihat sebagai bagian yang tidak
terkait dengan kalimat utama. Contoh:

 “Oy! Look at me!”

 Arrgh, I have many mistakes.
 Eew, what is it?
 Ooouch, I cut my finger!
 Wow! That is a great idea!

GOOD LUCK
 ASSIGNMENT 2

COMPREHENSION CHECK

Practice 1. English Part of Speech.

Task 1. Choose A, B or C as the correct English part of speech from this following
underlined words. (Pilihlah A, B atau C sebagaai English part of speech yang benar
dari kata yang digaris bawahi)
1. I bought a beautiful dress at the mall.
A. preposition
B. adjective
C. noun

2. What did she ask you to do?

A. conjunction
B. preposition
C. pronoun

3. I left my shoes under the kitchen table.

A. adjective
B. preposition
C. pronoun

4. If we finish our work quickly we can go to the movies.

A. adverb
B. conjunction
C. verb

5. On Saturdays I work from nine to five.

A. verb
B. preposition
C. adverb

6. I want to go to a university in the United States.

A. adjective
B. preposition
C. noun

7. I'm sure I've met your girlfriend before.

A. verb
B. preposition
C. interjection

8. Well, I don't think I'll be home before 6.

A. interjection
B. preposition
C. pronoun
 9. Andy knocked on the door but nobody answered.
A. adverb
B. adjective
C. conjunction

10. After lunch let's go out for a coffee.

A. pronoun
B. preposition
C. verb

Practice 2. Identify part of speech in these following underlined words. Look at the
example! (Identifikasi part of speech dalam kalimat yang digaris bawahi. Lihat contoh
no 1)
1. I always get up at five thirty in the morning and my father gets up earlier.
Adv N
2. Susan never does her homework, but She is very intelligent.

3. My sister is so happy, because she got an A+ in English and Math

4. You have to believe in yourself if you ever expect to be successful at something.

5. We left for the mountain just before six in the morning.

6. We first went to the store to buy a few things.

7. We had a breakfast at a café near the rail station.

8. My friend wasn't strong enough to lift his heavy rucksack. I helped him carry it.

9. The weather was very cold. My friend said, "Oh! What a cold weather!"

10. We didn't spend the night there.

11. We got back home late at night but we didn't go to sleep immediately. We were very
hungry.
12. I am the happiest woman in the world.

13. We are going to visit the zoo next weekend.

Practice 3. Take a look at these sentences and decide which is the correct form of
English part of speech to use. (Lengkapi kalmat dibawah ini dengan memilih kata pada
A, B atau C)

1) Today was a very ___ day.

A. colder
B. coldly
C. cold

2) We'll have to ___ if we want to catch that bus.

A. run
B. running
C. ran

3) It's OK to use that phone, it's ___.

A. mine
B. me
C. I
D. my

4) ___ was that man you were talking to?

A. Who
B. Why
C. What
D. When

5) I forgot my umbrella ___ I got wet.

A. so
B. because
C. although

6) The resort opens ___ spring.

A. on
B. at
C. in

7) ___ is a global problem.

A. Poverty
B. Poorly
C. Poor

8) You speak English very ___.

A. good
B. well
C. beautiful

9) When was the last time you ___?

A. cried
 B. crying
C. cry

10) She ___ made her presentation to the class.

A. confidence
B. confidently
C. confident

11) Ask ___ what she thinks.

A. her
B. hers
C. she

12) I ___ go to the pub on Friday night.

had
A. often
B. am
C. quick

13) We should take a taxi ___ it's more expensive.

A. and
B. whereas
C. even if
D. after

Practice 4. Find english part of speech from these following sentences. Look at the
example! (Cari part of speech dari kalimat dibawah ini. Lihat contoh no 1)

1. She was running a high temperature.

Adective: high

2. I am the happiest woman in the world.

Noun: _______

3. He has many influential friends.

Verb: ______

4. Choose the lesser of the two evils.

Adjective: __________

5. Hari is the most intelligent boy in the class.

Preposition: _______

6. A fast car goes fast.

Verb: _______

7. She was angry but she said nothing.

Conjunction: ______
8. There is something under the bed.
Preposition: _________

9. They live in a small cottage above the lake.

Pronoun: ______

10. Oh my God! He cut himself while shaving.

Interjection: ________

11. Oh my Good! She was angry with him.

Interjection: ________

12. I have other things to attend to.

Preposition: _________

GOOD LUCK