MODUL PERKULIAHAN

MATA KULIAH BAHASA INGGRIS I

Compiled by:
Liya Astarilla Dede Warman, M.Pd.
 KATA PENGANTAR

Alhamdulillah, segala puji bagi Allah yang senantiasa memberikan kemudahan dalam
menyelesaikan segala urusan hingga penulis mampu menyelesaikan Modul Perkuliahan Mata
Kuliah Bahasa Inggris I. Tak lupa penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada berbagai pihak
yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian modul ini.

Bahasa Inggris I ini lebih menitik beratkan pada pengetahuan tata bahasa atau struktur
Bahasa Inggris sehingga nantinya mahasiswa mampu berbicara (speaking), mendengar
(listening), membaca (reading) dan menulis (writing) dengan menggunakan tata bahasa atau
grammar yang sesuai. Dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Inggris tentunya perlu kiranya untuk
terus dilakukan penataan kembali pola pemahaman dan juga materi atau bahan ajar bahasa
Inggris secara sistematis dalam bentuk skemata atau konsep-konsep yang lebih simple dan
mudah untuk dipahami. Modul ini memuat ringkasan materi bahasa Inggris dengan didikuti
latihan-latihan soal yang disusun secara sederhana dan sistematis menurut kaidah-kaidah
gramatika Bahasa Inggris tertentu, yang dianggap esensial sebagai dasar untuk
mengembangkan keterampilan bahasa lisan maupun tulisan (spoken / written).

Akhir kata penulis mengucapkan selamat membaca dan berpandang mesra dengan
dunia bahasa Inggris yang penulis sajikan. Dan tentu tidak lupa penulis harapkan kritik dan
saran yang membangun agar didalam membuat modul penulis senantiasa rajin berbenah.

Penulis
 DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul...............................................................................................................i
Kata Pengantar..............................................................................................................ii
Daftar Isi......................................................................................................................iii
Unit 1 Parts of Speech...................................................................................................4
Unit 2 Countable and Uncountable Noun...................................................................11
Unit 3 Simple Present Tense........................................................................................21
Unit 4 Simple Past Tense.............................................................................................27
Unit 5 Present and Past Continuous Tense..................................................................32
Unit 6 Future Tense.....................................................................................................37
Unit 7 Perfect Tense....................................................................................................41
Unit 8 Question Words................................................................................................47

Daftar Pustaka..............................................................................................................53
 UNIT 1

PARTS OF

SPEECH

Words are divided into different kinds of classes, according to their use; that is

according to the work they do in a sentence. The Parts of Speech are following:

1. NOUN: is a word used as the name of a person, place, or thing.

A. Concrete nouns; adalah kata benda yang berwujud.

1) Proper nouns (Kata benda Nama diri)

- Nama orang

- Nama geografis: nama Negara, benua, gunung, sungai, kebangsaan, hari

atau bulan, dll.

2) Common nouns ( kata benda umum/biasa) yaitu kata benda yang dipakai

untuk merujuk pada benda-benda umum atau benda-benda yang biasa kita

jumpai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

Example: chair, bag, radio, table, book, etc.

3) Material nouns (kata benda material)

Example: gold, silver, wood, etc.

4) Collective nouns (kata benda kolektif)

Example: committee, group, swarm, etc.

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 B. Abstract nouns; adalah kata benda yang tidak berwujud, artinya bendanya

tidak dapat dilihat atau diraba.

Example: fear, beauty, freedom, joy, wisdom, etc.

2. VERB: is a word used instead of a noun.

Example:

- The girl writes a letter.

- Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia

- Iron is useful metal.

3. ADJECTIVE: is a word used to add something to the meaning of a noun.

Example:

- He is a brave boy

- Mary is sick today.

- John is smart student.

- Dani has a black cat.

4. PRONOUN: is a word used instead of a noun.

Example: Sally is absent, because she is ill.

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 Possesive Possessive Reflexive
Subject object
Adjective pronoun pronoun
I Me My Mine Myself

You You Your Yours Yourself

He Him His His Himself

She Her Her Hers Herself

It It Its - Itself

We Us Our Ours Ourselves

they them Their theirs themselves

5. PREPOSITION: is a word used with a noun or a pronoun to show how the person

or thing denoted by the noun or pronoun stands in relation to something else.

Example:

- There is a cow in the garden.

- The girl sits under the tree.

Verbs + preposition

Example: Agree with = setuju dengan

Care about = peduli dengan

Comment on = berkomentar tentang

Crash into = bertabrakan dengan

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 Hear from = mendengar dari

Laught at = mentertawakan

Look at = melihat pada

Look for = mencari

Look after = merawat, menjaga Example:

the book consists of ten chapters.

6. CONJUNCTION: is a word used to join words or sentences.

“AND” = digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua kata (kata benda, sifat, kata

kerja , dll)

Example:

Kata benda : I like apples and mangoes.

Kata sifat : Mary is tall and beautiful.

Kata keterangan : she sings softly and beautifully.

Kata kerja : Jane works and lives in London.

Frase : The books are on the table and under the chair. Klause

: They asked me about where I lived and what I did.

Kalimat ; John cleans the windows and Steven sweeps the floor. “BUT”

= digunakan untuk menggabungkan kalimat, mengkontraskan dan

mempertentangkan.

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Example:

Mary is not tall but short.

I ran fast, but missed the bushway.

“OR” = digunakan untuk memberikan pilihan.

Example:

You can sleep or eat here.

You can eat apples or mangoes.

“SO” = digunakan untuk menunjukkan akibat dari suatu peristiwa.

Example:

Hendri is sick, so he cannot go to campus. Toni

never learn english, so he cannot speak it.

“BECAUSE” = digunakan untuk menunjukkan alasan.

Example:

I go to party because they invite me.

“THEN” = digunakan untuk menunjukkan kesinambungan dari serangkaian peristiwa.

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 Example:

I go to canteen then offer my breakfast.

7. ADVERB: is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb, an

adjective, or another adverb.

Example: she sings beautifully. He walks slowly. Friendly,

lovely, hardly, beautifully, slowly, easily, etc.

EXERCISE:

9
GAMES: Do it in a pair or groups.

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 Unit 2

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns

A lot of oranges A lot of water

Many oranges A Much water A

few oranges little water

Some oranges Some water

Any oranges Any water

Several oranges -

a / an -

A. COUNTABLE NOUNS

Ciri-ciri countable nouns:

1. Bisa dihitung.

Example:

One book, two books, three books. One

table, two tables, three tables, etc.

2. Memiliki bentuk jamak yang ditandai dengan akhiran –s / -es dengan

bentuk lain.

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 Example:

Pencil – pencils

Girl – girls

3. Di depan sebuah conutable noun bisa digunakan acticle a / an.

Example:

A dictionary

A student An

orange An

umbrella A

university

An European, etc.

Cara Membuat Kata Jamak

1. Dengan memberi akhiran –s pada kata benda tunggal.

Example:

book – books

cat – cats

chair – chairs

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2. Dengan memberi akhiran –es pada kata benda tunggal jika kata benda tersebut

berbunyi desis dengan akhiran –ss, -s, -x, -z, -ch, dan –sh. Example:

Glass – glasses

Class – classes

Bus – buses Box

– boxes Quiz –

quizzes

Bench – benches

Brush –brushes

3. Berakhiran –ch, namun tidak berbunyi desis, /k/ maka bentuk jamaknya

ditambah akhiran –s.

Example:

Stomach – stomaches

Monarch – monarchs

4. Dengan memberikan akhiran –es pada kata benda tunggal yang berakhiran –

o yang didahului oleh konsonan.

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 Example:

Buffalo – buffaloes

Hero – heroes

Potato – potatoes

5. Jika kata benda tunggal berakhiran y, ubah y menjadi –i+es.

Example:

Dictionary – dictionaries

City – cities

Hobby – hobbies

6. Jika kata benda tunggal berakhiran –y, tapi didahului oleh vocal, cukup

+s.

Example:

Boy – boys

Day- days

Key – keys

7. Akhiran –f / -fe pada kata benda tunggal, diubah menjadi –ves.

Example:

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 Knife – knives Chief – chiefs

Leaf – leaves Proof – proofs

Wife – wives Dwarf – dwarfs.

Exception: Roof – roofs etc.

Belief – beliefs

8. Kata benda jamak yang tidak beraturan (irregular plural nouns)

Example:

Child – children Woman- women

Foot – feet Mouse – mice

Goose – geese Ox-oxen

9. Kata benda jamak = kata benda tunggal.

Example:

Cattle – cattle
Sheep – sheep

Deer – deer
Series – series

Fish – fish

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10. Berakhiran –ss, -se, -sh, yang merujuk pada orang, bentuk tunggal = jamak.

Example:

A Japanese – two Japanese A

Chinese – two Chinese English

Scottish

11. Kata benda yang selalu berbentuk jamak.

Example:

Jeans
Pajamas
Glasses
Pliers
Shoes
Scissors

12. Sejumlah kata benda berakhiran –s = kata benda tunggal.

Example:

a. Bid. Studi: mathematics, economics, physics, etc.

b. Penyakit: measles (campak), rabies, mumps (gondok), diabetes, etc.

c. Jenis2 permainan; cards, bowls, billiards, etc.

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 13. Bahasa asing / latin.

Example:

Bacterium – bacteria
Datum – data Thesis
Phenomenon – phenomena
–theses, etc.

B. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Kata benda yang tidak bisa dihitung kecuali dengan menggunakan ukuran / takaran.

Example:

Money

Sugar

Milk

Water

Rice, etc.

Ciri-ciri uncountable nouns:

1. Tidak bisa dihitung, sehingga dengan demikian tidak bisa didahului oleh kata

bilangan.

Example:

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 I need tea not I need two tea. I

need oil

I need water

2. Tidak memiliki akhiran –s / -es sebagai penanda plural.

Example:

Milk not milks.

Ink not inks.

3. Tidak menggunakan article.

Example:

I like coffee not I like a coffee.

4. Menggunakan kata; some, any, much, a lot of, etc.

Example:

Some sugar

Much sugar

A lot of money, etc.

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5. Menggunakan penanda:

Example:

A piece of cake
A can of coca cola

A bowl of rice
A cup of coffee

A bar of chocolate
A slice of cake

A bottle of milk
A gallon of AQUA

A glass of water
A block of ice, etc

COUNTABLE NOUNS UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Chairs
Tables Furniture
Beds, etc.
Letters
Postcards Mail
Bills, etc.
Pennies
Nickels Money
Dollars
Apples
Bananas Fruit
Oranges
Rings
Bracelets jewelry
Necklaces

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Exercise:

1. Butter

2. Bananas

3. Money

4. Stamps

5. Oil

6. Pencils

7. Sugar

8. Eggs

9. Help

10. Bread

11. Water

12. Chairs

13. Time

14. Information

15. Envelopes

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 Unit 3

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Simple present tense expresses daily habits or usual activity, expresses general

statements of fact and is used for events or situations that exist always, usually or habitually in

the past, present and future.

The pattern of Simple Present Tense:

Pattern Subject Verb Complement/object

1 I

We

You Study English every week

They

Plural things

2 He

She

It Studies English every week

John

Singular thing

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 FORM PATTERN

+ S + V1 + N

- S + DO/DOES +not+ V1 + N

? DO / DOES + S + V ?

FORM PATTERN

+ S + TO BE + ADJ/NOUN/ADV.OF PLACES

- S + TO BE + NOT + ADJ/NOUN/ADV.OF PLACES

? TO BE + S + ADJ/NOUN/ADV.OF PLACES ?

VERB FORM

Simple present tense menyatakan:

1. Kebiasaan/aktifitas/rutinitas yang biasa dilakukan sehari-hari.

Contoh:

I study English once a week.

I usually eat lunch in the cafeteria.

I always get up at 5 o’clock in the morning.

2. Fakta-fakta atau kebenaran umum yang tidak bisa dibantah.

Contoh:

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 The sky is blue.

The earth revolves around the sun.

The sun rises in the east.

3. Jadwal / waktu.

Contoh:

The airplane takes off at 8 a.m

The concert starts at 7 p.m

AKHIRAN –S, -ES, AND –IES:

1. Akhiran S : Subject (she, he, it / singular subject)

Contoh:

He listens to the radio everyday.

She plays tennis on Sundays.

My brother gets up at 5 o’clock in the morning.

2. Kata kerja yang berakhiran –ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o + es.

Contoh:

She kisses her children every morning.

Mary washes the clothes everyday.

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 The cat catches the mouse everynight. The

mechanic fixes the car on Sundays. He goes

to school everyday.

3. Jika kata kerja berakhiran –y yang didahului konsonan maka akhiran –y diubah

menjadi i dan + akhiran es.

Contoh:

She carries some books everyday.

My mother fries some eggs every morning.

4. Jika kata kerja berakhiran –y tetapi didahului oleh vocal maka ditambah s.

Contoh: He enjoys the welcome dance.

SENTENCE

a. Verbal (Verb-kata kerja)

Example:

I go to campus at 7 a.m everyday.

I do not go to campus at 7 a.m everyday. Do

you go to campus at 7 a.m everyday.

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 Mary visits her grandmother on holidays.

Mary does not visit her grandmother on holidays.

Does Mary visit her grandmother on holidays?

b. Nominal (non-verb /bukan kata kerja)

Example:

(+) I am a student.
We are in Bali every weekend. We

(-) I am not a student.

are not in Bali every weekend. Are

(?) Am I a student?
we in Bali every weekend?

Exercise A:
Write your sentences by using the following words.

1. Cook
7. Go home

2. Teach
8. Arrive

3. Leave
9. Drive

4. Come
10. Run

5. Arrive
11. Dance

6. Drive
12. Work

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Exercise B:

26
 Unit 4

SIMPLE PAST

TENSE

Simple Past Tense: is used to express an activity which happened at a specific time

in the past (time signal is importantly expressed).

The time signals which are frequently used for this tense are as follows:

a. This morning, afternoon, evening.

b. Yesterday (kemarin); yesterday morning, afternoon, evening, noon.

c. Last …. (… yang lalu/kemarin); last week, month, year, semester, Sunday,

Monday, etc.

d. ….. ago (…… yang lalu); a week ago, two days ago, three years ago, an hour ago,

etc.

Fungsi:

1. Menyatakan kegiatan yang dilakukan/ terjadi pada ,masa lampau.

Example:

I watched TV before I slept last night.

He went to Bali last week.

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2. Menyatakan kebiasaan yang dilakukan pada masa lampau.

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 Example:

We always played football when we were small.

They never went to the cinema when they were small.

3. Menggunakan V2.

Example:

V1 V2 V3

Study Studied Studied

Sing Sang Sung

Write Wrote Written

Go Went Gone

Run Run Run

PATTERN:

1. With regular or irregular verb

Formula:

FORM PATTERN
+ S + V2 + N + ADV.OF TIME

- S + DID NOT + V1 + N + ADV.OF TIME

? DID + S + V1 + N + ADV.OF TIME ?

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Example:

( +) I visited my grandmother last week.

( - ) I did not visit my grandmother last week.

( ? ) Did you visit your grandmother last week?

2. With Verb to be

Fungsi:

1. Diikuti oleh adjective / kata sifat.

Example:

He was tired yesterday. They

were bored last night.

2. Diikuti oleh adv. of place (ket. Kata tempat).

Example:

He was in Jakarta last month. They

were in the cinema last week.

3. Diikuti noun / kata benda.

Example:

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 He was a policeman five years ago.

We were students last year.

Formula:

FORM PATTERN

+ S + WAS/WERE + ADJ + ADV. OF TIME /N

- WAS/WERE + NOT + ADJ + ADV. OF TIME /N

? WAS/WERE + S + ADJ + ADV. OF TIME /N?

Example:

( + ) We were sleepy a few minutes ago.

( - ) We were not sleepy a few minutes ago. ( ? )

Were you sleepy a few minutes ago?

Exercise A:

Write your sentences by using the following words.

1. Study Arabic
6. Go hunting

2. Fix his car

7. Visit uncle

3. Work at home
8. Write some letter

4. Make a cake
9. Sing and dance

5. Do any homework
10. Drink milk

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Exercise B:

32
 Unit 5

PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE AND PAST

CONTINOUS TENSE

1. PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

Time signal: now, right now, at the moment, at present.

Fungsi :

1. Menyatakan kegiatan atau kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada saat kita berbicara

Example:

We are studying English right now.

The lecturer is explaining about present continous tense.

2. Menyatakan suatu kegiatan atau kejadian yang bersifat sementara.

Example:

We are staying at the dormitory right now. He

is living with his uncle now.

3. Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang telah direncanakan untuk dilakukan pada waktu

yang akan datang.

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 Example:

I am playing badminton tomorrow. We

are going to London next month. He is

coming here tomorrow.

FORMULA:

FORM PATTERN

+ S + TO BE ( is, am, are) + V-ing

- S + TO BE (is, am, are) + NOT + V-ing

? TO BE (is, am, are) + S + V-ing

2. PAST CONTINOUS

TENSE Fungsi:

1. Menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu pada masa lampau.

Formula 1:

FORM PATTERN

+ S + TO BE ( was, were) + V-ing

- S + TO BE (was, were) + NOT + V-ing

? TO BE (was,were) + S + V-ing

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 Example:

They were doing their homework at 7 o’clock last night.

I was listening to the radio at 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon.

2. Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang dimulai dan sedang berlangsung dimasa lampau ketika ada

kejadian lain yang terjadi. Ada dua peristiwa yang terjadi dalam waktu yang berdekatan

dimasa lampau.

Example:

a. I ate dinner at 7.00 p.m yesterday.

b. Tom came to my house at 7.10 p.m yesterday.

I was eating dinner when Tom came to my house.

a. I went to bed at 10 p.m last night.

b. The phone rang at 10.20 p.m last night.

I was sleeping when the phone rang / The phone rang while I was sleeping.

a. I did my assignment at 7.30 p.m last night.

b. My roommate watched on the TV at 7.40 p.m last night.

While I was doing my homework, my roommate was watching on the TV.

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Formula 2:

PATTERN (+)

S + WAS/WERE + V-ing + when + N + V2

When + N + V2, was/were + V-ing

While + S + was/were + V-ing + N, N + was/were + V-ing + N

Exercise A:

A. What are you doing?

B. I’m practicing the piano.

A. Do you practice the piano very often?

B. Yes, I do. I practice the piano whenever I can.

1. What is Ridho doing? Bake

2. What was mother doing? Read Alqur’an

3. What are they doing? Speak English.

4. What were the people doing? Work together.

5. What are the girls doing? Discuss the lesson.

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EXERCISE B:

37
 Unit 6

FUTURE TENSE AND FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

Future tense is used to express future time. The time signals which are frequently

used for this tense: tomorrow, next, etc.

1. FUTURE TENSE

1. Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang akan dilakukan pada masa yang akan datang.

Example:

I will meet him tomorrow. He

will call us next Sunday. It

will rain tomorrow.

2. Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang telah direncanakan untuk dilakukan pada waktu

yang akan datang.

Example:

I am playing badminton tomorrow. We

are going to London next month. He is

coming here tomorrow.

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FORMULA:

FORM PATTERN

+ S + WILL/BE GOING TO+ V1 + C

- S + WILL/BE GOING TO+ NOT + V1+ C

? WILL+ S + V1 ? / BE + S + GOING TO + V1 + C?

2. FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

Fungsi:

1. Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan pada waktu tertentu di waktu

yang akan datang.

Example:

I will be working at this time tomorrow.

He will be learning English at 8 o’clock this evening.

2. Menyatakan kegiatan yang telah direncanakan untuk dikerjakan dimasa yang akan

datang.

Example:

They will be coming here next week.

We will be swimming tomorrow.

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FORMULA:

FORM PATTERN

+ S + WILL + BE + V-ing

- S + WILL + NOT + BE + V-ing

? WILL + S + BE + V-ing ?

EXERCISE A:

Write 10 sentences (future tense and future continous tense) in the form : +, - , and ?.

Example:

I will go to campus tomorrow.

I will not go to campus tomorrow.

Will you go to campus tomorrow?

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EXERCISE B: Do the board game with a friend.

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 Unit 7

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE, PAST PERFECT TENSE,

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE AND PAST
PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

1. Present perfect tense

a. To express activities or situations that occurred (or did not occur) “before

now,” at some unspecific time in the past. In other words, if there is a

specific time, you just use “Simple Past tense”.

Example:

He has written ten books.

Mary has eaten at the cafeteria. We

have received the letter.

b. To express an activity that was repeatedly carried out at unspecific time in

the past.

Example:

She has called him ten times today.

They have failed the test four times this year.

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 c. To express an activity that began in the past and continues to the present

time, especially when used with ‘for or since’.

Example:

We have lived here for ten years.

He has worked at Bank Riau since January. She has

become a teacher since 2006.

FORM PATTERN

+ S + HAS/HAVE + V3 + N/C

- S + HAS/HAVE + NOT +V3+ N/C

? HAS/HAVE + S + V3+N/C ?

2. Past Perfect Tense

a. To express an activity that occurred “before now”, at an unspecified time in the

past.

Example:

I had been in this city for ten years.

She had telephoned us.

They had arrived at the airport.

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 b. To express an activity that occurred before another time in the past.

Example:

Susan had left her house when I arrived.

The children had gone when their father arrived at home.

FORM PATTERN

+ S + HAD + V3 + N/C

- S + HAD + NOT +V3+ N/C

? HAD + S +V3+ N/C ?

3. Present Perfect Continous Tense

To express an activity that began in the past and continous to the present. Example:

a. I have been living in Pekanbaru for 20 years.

(Saya sudah tinggal di Pekanbaru selama 20 tahun.)

b. Rina has been writing her novel since 2011.

(Rina sudah menulis novelnya sejak tahun 2011.)

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 Formula:

FORM PATTERN

+ S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + V-ing+N/C

- S + HAS/HAVE + NOT+BEEN + V-ing+N/C

? HAS/HAVE + S + BEEN + V-ing+N/C

4. Past Perfect Continous Tense

a. To express an activity that began in the past and continues to the present time

before another activity occurred in the past.

Example:

They had been watching television before we arrived

(Mereka sudah mulai dan masih menonton TV sebelum kami

tiba).

b. To express the length of time an activity in the past and continues to the present

time before another activity occurred.

Example:

I had been living in Yogyakarta for five years before I moved to Jakarta.

45
 (Saya sudah tinggal di Yogyakarta selama lima tahun sebelum

pindah ke Jakarta).

Formula:

FORM PATTERN

+ S + HAD + BEEN + V-ing+N/C

- S + HAD + NOT+BEEN + V-ing+N/C

? HAD + S + BEEN + V-ing+N/C

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EXERCISE:

47
 Unit 8

WH- QUESTIONS

Question words are used to generate interrogative sentence about place, time, person, reason,
things etc. These sentences usually need explanation. The question words that you can use in
the sentence as following:

(Kata tanya pada kalimat tanya digunakan untuk menanyakan; nama tempat, orang, waktu,
cara, alasan, benda, dan lainnya. Dimana jawaban dari pertanyaan tersebut membutuhkan
penjelasan. Berikut beberapa kata tanya yang biasa digunakan).

1. What : What digunakan untuk menanyakan informasi tentang sesuatu atau seseorang.
Example:
 What is your name? (Siapa nama kamu?)
 What time is it? (Jam berapa sekarang?)
 What does your father do? (Apa pekerjaan ayahmu?)
 What are you doing? (Apa yang sedang kamu lakukan?)
 What is that? (Apa itu?)

2. Where : Where digunakan untuk menanyakan lokasi atau tempat.

Example:
 Where is your home? (Di mana rumah kamu?)
 Where do I put the chair? (Di mana aku letakkan bangkunya?)
 Where should we eat? (Di mana kita makan?)

3. Why : Why digunakan untuk menanyakan alasan.

Example:
 Why did you come late? (Mengapa kamu datang terlambat?)

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  Why do you think the song is bad? (Mengapa kamu menganggap lagunya
jelek?)
 Why did you do that? (Mengapa kamu melakukan hal itu?)

4. When : When digunakan untuk menanyakan waktu.

Example:
 When will you give my book back? (Kapan kamu akan mengembalikan buku
saya?)
 When will he fix the TV? (Kapan dia akan memperbaiki tv?)

5. Which : Which digunakan untuk menanyakan pilihan.

Example:
 Which one do you like? The green one or the black one? (Mana yang lebih
kamu suka? Yang hijau atau yang hitam?)
 Which do you prefer, coffee or milk? (Mana yang lebih kamu sukai, kopi atau
susu?)

6. Who : Who digunakan untuk menanyakan orang.

Example:
 Who is your favourite actor? (Siapa aktor favoritmu?)
 Who is the man standing in front of the school? (Siapa laki-laki yang berdiri di
depan sekolah?)

7. Whom : Whom digunakan untuk menanyakan seseorang sebagai objek.

Example:
 Whom did you meet yesterday? (Siapa yang kamu temui kemarin?)

8. Whose :Whose digunakan untuk menanyakan kepemilikan benda.

Example:

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  Whose bag is this? (Milik siapa tas ini?)
 Whose shoes are you wearing? (Sepatu milik siapa yang kamu pakai?)

9. How : How digunakan untuk menanyakan usia, cara, jarak, jumlah (kuantitas), harga,
durasi, dan frekuensi.
Example:
 How old is your sister? (Berapa usia kakakmu?)
 How to make an omelette? (Bagaimana cara membuat telur dadar?)
 How much is this souvenir? (Berapa harga souvenir ini?)
 How many cats do you have in your house? (untuk countable noun) (Berapa
banyak kucing yang ada di rumahmu?)
 How much money do you have? (untuk uncountable noun) (Berapa banyak
uang yang kamu miliki?)
 How long will you stay in Bali? (Berapa lama kamu akan tinggal di Bali?)
 How often do you practice? (Seberapa sering kamu berlatih?)
 How far is your office from home? (Seberapa jauh kantor kamu dari rumah?)

WH QUESTIONS’ STRUCTURE IN THE SENTENCE

A. Question word is put at the beginning of an interrogative sentence. If you need

explanation about therefore the pattern is as follow:

(Kata tanya diletakan diawal kalimat tanya sesuai dengan tujuan pertanyaan, susunan nya

sebagai berikut):

QW (Kata Tanya) + Auxiliary/modal (kt.bantu) + subject + verb ?

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 Note: Auxiliary/modal (kata bantu) seperti; do, does, did, can, could, may, etc

digunakan sesuai dengan jenis dan fungsi kalimat. Jika kalimat tersebut simple

present tense, maka auxiliary/modal yang digunakan ‘do/does’. Gunakan to be (is,

am, are) untuk kalimat nominal. Namun jika kalimat tersebut past tense (kejadian

dimasa lampau) maka gunakan ‘did’. Pada kalimat future tense menggunakan modal

‘will’, dan seterusnya.

Example:

When will you go to library? I will go to the library today.

Which one is better? I think the yellow one.

Who is your favorite programmer? I like Ada Lovelace.

B. If the question word functions as a subject or asks about the subject of an action, we

do not use auxiliary or modal in the sentence. The pattern becomes:

(Jika yang ditanyakan adalah subjek atau pelaku dari suatu aktifitas/tindakan, tidak

perlu menggunakan kata bantu /modal pada kalimat tanya tersebut. Maka susunan

kalimat sebagai berikut):

Example:
Question word + verb + complement / object

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Who likes playing football in this group? John / John likes sports.

Who sent me a letter? Diana / Diana sent me a letter yesterday.

EXERCISE A: Make questions words based on these statement below!

1. Father likes to eat dinner at restaurant every evening.

2. The boy is doing his homework in the room now.

3. Uncle will buy a new house in this town next month.

4. John and Mary studied music at school yesterday.

5. The students play football at school yard every morning.

6. George want to study English at home everyday.

7. Rani buy a novel yesterday.

8. Susan want to meet Mary at Mall Pekanbaru.

9. I went to Bandung with my friends.

10. Dani will attend Information Technology Seminar at Pangeran Hotel.

EXERCISE B: Practice to use WH-Questions by using the following cards.

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 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Allen, W. Standart. 2015. Living English Structure. Longman Group Ltd.

London.

Azar, Betty Schrampfer. 2000. Fundamentals of English Grammar. Prentice Hall.

Inc.

Krohn, Robert. 2017. English Sentence Structure. The University of Michigan Press.

USA.

Sukur, Silvester. G. 2010. Complete English Grammar for the TOEFL Test.

Yogyakarta: Galangpress.

https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl

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