Refrigerasi Dan AC
Refrigerasi Dan AC
Etc…
1911 General Electric released a household refrigeration unit
that was powered by gas
In 1927, GE released the Monitor Top, the first refrigerator to
run off electricity
In 1930, Frigidaire, one of GE’s main competitors,
synthesized Freon.
Freon is a trademark of the DuPont Corporation and refers to
these CFCs, and later hydro chlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and
hydro fluorocarbon (HFC), refrigerants developed in the late
1920s
In the 1970s, though, the compounds were found to be reacting
with atmospheric ozone, an important protection against solar
ultraviolet radiation, and their use as a refrigerant worldwide
was curtailed in the Montreal Protocol of 1987
Application
Refrigeration Cycle
Vapor compression refrigeration cycle
Gas refrigeration cycle
Cascade refrigeration
Absorption refrigeration
Thermo electric refrigeration
Ideal vapor compression cycle
-qout=h3-h2
qout=h2-h3
0=h4-h3 wcomp=h2-h1
h4=h3
qin==h1-h4
Ideal vapor compression cycle
QL=m.(h1-h4)
Wcomp=m.(h2-h1)
Tugas ke 1
Heating Q = m x Cp x (T2-T1)
Sensible Cooling
Cooling and Dehumidifying
Mixing
Water Spray
Steam injection
Sensible and Latent Ratio
AIR CONDITIONING
Scope
pengaturan suhu udara sesuai kebutuhan
Pengaturan kelembaban udara
Pengaturan kecepatan udara
Pengaturan kebutuhan udara ventilasi
Pengaturan kualitas udara
Pengaturan kebisingan
Comfort zone
Komponen dasar sistem AC
PERHITUNGAN
BEBAN PENDINGINAN
Mengapa harus dihitung ?
east-facing
window roof
heat gain
12 6 12 6 12
mid a.m. noon p.m. mid
Storage Effect (thermal lag)
Time Lag
time lag
B
solar effect
12 6 12 6 12
mid a.m. noon p.m. mid
Heat gain
Beban eksternal Beban internal
Konduksi melalui atap Penerangan/pencahayaan
Konduksi melalui dinding luar ruangan
Konduksi melalui kaca Orang/penghuni
Konduksi melalui partisi Peralatan
interior
Konduksi melalui langit-langit
Konduksi melalui lantai
Radiasi matahari melalui kaca
Infiltrasi
Ventilasi
Heat gain berdasarkan sifatnya
Beban sensibel Beban laten
Menaikkan temperatur Menaikkan kelembaban udara
ruangan ruangan
Misal : ? Misal : ?
Cooling Load Components
roof
lights
partition
people wall
infiltration
glass solar
equipment
glass
conduction
exterior
wall
floor
Sensible and Latent Gains
cooling load components sensible latent
load load
conduction through roof, walls, windows,
and skylights
solar radiation through windows, skylights
conduction through ceiling, interior
partition walls, and floor
people
lights
equipment/appliances
infiltration
ventilation
system heat gains
Metode perhitungan
TFM (transfer function factor)
CLTD/CLF ( cooling load temperature difference)/( cooling
load factor)
TETD/TA (Total Equivalent Temperature Differential/Time-
Averaging)
Rumus praktis, jika beban ruangan tidak terlalu kompleks
Contoh Rumus Praktis
Contoh rumus praktis
Rumus Praktis
Below
Freezing
Panas sensibel : panas yang dibutuhkan untuk menaikkan temperatur suatu zat
tanpa ada perubahan fase, atau sebaliknya
Panas latent : panas yang dibutuhkan untuk menguapkan suatu zat, atau sebaliknya
Beban pendinginan
Komponen beban pendinginan pada cold room/ cold storage
antara lain : ( semua yang temperaturnya lebih tinggi dari temperatur setting)
• Beban pendinginan akibat kondisi udara luar melewati
struktur bangunan , 𝑄 = 𝑈 𝑥 𝐴 𝑥 ∆𝑡
• Beban pendinginan udara luar yang masuk ke ruangan melalui
infiltrasi.
• Beban pendinginan produk
• Lampu dan peralatan elektronik di ruangan
• Manusia (jika ada)
Referensi
ASHRAE Handbook
Edward G Pita
COOLING TOWER
Untuk mendinginkan air dengan menggunakan media
pendingin berupa udara.
Jenis cooling tower berdasarkan aliran udaranya : aliran
natural dan aliran mekanis
Aliran udara natural : biasanya untuk kapasitas udara
>45000 m3/jam, aliran udara secara alami