Himpunan Dan Sistem Bilangan Real

HIMPUNAN & SISTEM
BILANGAN REAL
BAYU PRIHANDONO
PRODI MATEMATIKA UNIVERSITAS TANJUNGPURA
Silabus
Terminologi Himpunan
Dasar-dasar
Himpunan Operasi Himpunan
Sistem Mengenal macam-macam sistem

bilangan
Bilangan Sistem bilangan real
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KONTRAK PERKULIAHAN
Perkuliahan Mengikuti Peraturan Akademik Program Studi Lalu Lintas
Angkutan Jalan BPPTD
Sistem perkuliahan pada tahun ajaran 2021/2022 dilakukan

secara daring, menggunakan platform zoom meeting/ google
meet dan Google Classroom
Untuk setiap pertemuan menggunakan zoom/gmeet

diharapkan setiap mahasiswa untuk mengaktifkan video.
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Dasar-dasar
Himpunan
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 Konsep himpunan merupakan konsep yang penting dalam mempelajari

matematika, karena konsep ini muncul dalam setiap cabang ilmu
matematika.
▪ Konsep ini merumuskan ide untuk menggabungkan beberapa objek secara
bersama-sama dan memandangnya sebagai satu kesatuan yang utuh.
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▪ Setiap elemen dalam suatu himpunan diharuskan berbeda satu sama lain.*
▪ Yang dimaksud terdefinisi dengan baik adalah, setiap elemen dalam suatu himpunan
harus memiliki suatu kesamaan tertentu atau dalam jenis yang sama, sehingga
himpunannya dapat didefinisikan dengan menyebutkan kesamaannya tersebut.
▪ Contoh:
1. Bilangan-bilangan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
2. Solusi-solusi dari persamaan 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 = 0.
3. Manusia-manusia yang hidup di bumi.
4. Mahasiswa-mahasiswa yang terdaftar dalam Mk. Kalkulus.
5. Hewan-hewan berkaki 4.
6. Kota - kota Jakarta, Pontianak, Semarang, Solo
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Notasi-notasi
Himpunan Elemen-elemen Notasi ∈ dan ∉

dinotasikan dengan tersebut ditulis Notasi ∈ untuk
huruf kapital diantara kurung menyatakan suatu
(𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅, … ) kurawal . elemen menjadi anggota
𝑃 = 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, … suatu himpunan.
Elemen 𝑎∈𝑃
dibaca:
dinotasikan dengan “himpunan 𝑃 yang
huruf kecil (𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, … ) Sebaliknya, digunakan
anggotanya 𝑎,𝑏, 𝑐” notasi ∉.
“ 𝑃 memuat 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐”
𝑥∉𝑃
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Menyatakan himpunan
 Dengan mendaftarkan elemen-elemen himpunan bersangkutan

𝑃 = 2,4,6,8,10
 Dengan menyebutkan syarat keanggotaannya
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Contoh 1.2
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Klasifikasi himpunan berdasarkan
banyaknya elemen
 Himpunan dengan banyak elemen berhingga disebut himpunan berhingga

 Himpunan dengan banyak elemen tak hingga disebut himpunan tak hingga
 Banyaknya elemen dalam suatu himpunan 𝑃 dinotasikan dengan 𝑃
 Himpunan yang hanya terdiri dari 1 anggota disebut himpunan singleton
 Himpunan yang tak memiliki anggota disebut himpunan kosong , dan
dinotasikan dengan ∅.
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Himpunan Bagian (Subset)
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Himpunan Bagian
▪ Jika ada satu saja elemen dari 𝑄 yang tidak termuat dalam 𝑃 maka dikatakan 𝑄 bukan
subset dari 𝑃,
𝑄 ⊈𝑃
▪ Sebagai contoh:
maka 𝐶 ⊂ 𝐴, 𝐶 ⊂ 𝐵 tetapi 𝐵 ⊈ 𝐴 sebab 7 ∈ 𝐵 dan 7 ∉ 𝐴.

▪ Dua himpunan dikatakan saling asing atau disjoint jika mereka tidak memiliki satupun
anggota yang sama.
▪ Dari contoh di atas, 𝐴 dan 𝐷 himpunan yang saling asing.
▪ Dua himpunan dikatakan ekuivalen, jika ada korespondensi satu-satu (pemetaan
bijektif) diantara dua himpunan tersebut.
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Contoh 1.6
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Diagram Venn
▪ adalah salah satu cara untuk merepresentasikan suatu himpunan secara

visual.
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Ada Pertanyaan?
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Operasi
Himpunan
Operasi-operasi himpunan
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𝑃∩𝑄
Jadi dua himpunan yang saling asing dapat dinyatakan dengan operasi
irisan sebagai berikut:
𝑃 dan 𝑄 saling asing ⇔ 𝑃 ∩ 𝑄 = ∅
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CATATAN Operasi jumlahan antara dua himpunan hanya dapat
diterapkan untuk himpunan dengan elemen berupa bilangan-bilangan.
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CONTOH 1.11
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Ada Pertanyaan?
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Summary Natural numbers (ℕ) & Natural
NumberIntegersNumbers
(ℤ)
Systems (N)
Natural numbers (ℕ) : The natural numbers is the set of

counting numbers.
Page 23
ℕ = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … . . .
The natural numbers is the set of positive whole numbers.
This set does not include the number 0.
Integers (ℤ) : The set of integers is the set of all whole

numbers, positive negative and zero.
ℤ = … . . −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, … . . .
Rational Numbers (ℚ)
A Rational number(ℚ) is a number that can be written
𝑝
as a ratio of two integers 𝑞 , where p, q ∈ ℤ & q≠ 0.
A Rational number will have a decimal expansion that
is terminating or recurring.
Examples:
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a) 0.25 is rational , because it can be written as the ratio 4 .
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b) 1.5 is rational , because it can be written as the ratio 2 .
1
c) 0.3 is rational , because it can be written as the ratio 3 .
Interesting Rational Numbers
𝟓𝟑
𝟏
𝟖𝟑
𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟏428𝟕
𝟎. =
𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟓𝟕𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟓𝟕𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟓𝟕
𝟕
𝟔385542168674698795180722
𝟕
891566265060240𝟗
Venn Diagram & Number Line ℕ, ℤ and ℚ.
Page 23
Natural
ℕ
Page 23
Integers
ℤ
ℤ\ℕ
Page 23
Rational
ℚ
ℚ\ℤ
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Page 23
Rational
ℚ
𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟕 𝟖 𝟗 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟐
𝟒𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
Page 23
Rational
ℚ
𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟕 𝟖
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
Page 23
Rational
ℚ
𝟖 𝟗 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟔
𝟖𝟖 𝟖 𝟖𝟖 𝟖𝟖 𝟖 𝟖
Page 23
Rational
ℚ
𝟖 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟐
𝟖 𝟖 𝟖
Page 23
Rational
ℚ
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟖 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟒
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
Page 23
Rational
ℚ
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟖 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟒
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
Page 23
Rational
ℚ
Student Activity 1 Calculator Activity
Number Calculator/ Decimals

(1) 4 2
3 Rational
(2) 9 0.3
100 10 Terminating
2
0.6 Or
(3) 4
9 0.6 Recurring
3
5
(4) 25
36 0.83
6 Irrational
(5) 2 1.414213562....2
1.41421356237309504….
Decimal
(6) 8 2.828427125….
2.82842712474619009….
2 2 expansion
(7)
3
5 1.709975947 that can go
1.70997594667669681….
1.709975947….
on forever
(8) 𝜋 3.14159265358979323….
3.141592654….
𝜋 without
recurring
(9) 1- 2 -0.41421356237497912.…
-0.4142135624…
1- 2
Irrational Numbers
So some numbers cannot be written as a ratio of two

integers…….
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An Irrational number is any number that cannot be
𝑝
expressed as a ratio of two integers , where p and q ∈ ℤ
𝑞
and q≠0.
Irrational numbers are numbers that can be written as

decimals that go on forever without recurring.
Best known Irrational Numbers
Famous Irrational Numbers

Pi : The first digits look like this
𝝅 3.1415926535897932384626433832795……
𝟐
Euler’s Number: The first digits look like this
𝒆 2.7182818284590452353602874713527….
The Golden Ratio: The first digits look like

𝝋 this: 1.6180339887498948420…….
Pythagoras Hippassus
Many square roots, cube roots, etc are also
√𝟐 1.4142135623746……
irrational numbers.
𝟐 = 1.4142135623746……
Irrational Numbers Familiar
irrationals
2 3 5 7𝑒 𝜋
Page 23
Rational
ℚ
Are these the only irrational numbers

based on these numbers?
2 3 5 7𝑒 𝜋
Page 23
Rational
𝟐 𝟑 𝟓
𝟐 𝟐
ℚ𝟐
𝟕 𝒆 𝝅
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
5 7𝑒 𝜋
2 2 2 2
Page 23
Rational
ℚ
5 7𝑒 𝜋
2 2 2 2
Page 23
Rational
ℚ
Real Number System (ℝ)
The set of Rational and Irrational numbers

together make up the Real number system (ℝ).
Real Number System (ℝ)
Real 𝟖
ℝ 𝟑+ 𝟓
Rational
ℚ
Irrational Numbers
Type equation here.
ℝ\ℚ
− 𝟏𝟏
𝝅 𝟏− 𝟐
Student Activity
Classify all the following numbers as natural, integer, rational,
irrational or real using the table below. List all that apply.
Natural Integer Rational Irrational Real
ℕ ℤ ℚ ℝ\ℚ ℝ
5    
1+ 2  
−9.6403915 …  
1
−
2
 
6.36  
2  
-3   
3
8    
0   
- 3  
The diagram represents the sets: Natural Numbers ℕ,
Integers ℤ, Rational Numbers ℚ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Real Numbers ℝ.
Insert each of the following numbers in the correct place on the
diagram:
1 3
5, 1 + 2, −9.6403915. . … , − , 6.36 , 2𝜋, -3, 8, 0 and - 3.
2
ℝ ℚ
ℚ ℤ
ℕ
ℕ
The diagram represents the sets: Natural Numbers ℕ,
Integers ℤ, Rational Numbers ℚ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Real Numbers ℝ.
Insert each of the following numbers in the correct place on the
diagram:
𝟏 𝟑
5, 𝟏 + 𝟐, −𝟗. 𝟔𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟏𝟓. . … , − , 6.𝟑𝟔, 2𝝅 , -3, 𝟖 , 0 and - 𝟑.
𝟐
ℝ
ℚ
1+ 𝟐 ℤ ℕ
6.𝟑𝟔 -3 𝟑
𝟏 𝟖 5
𝟐𝝅 − 0
𝟐
- 𝟑
-9.6403915…
Operations on Real Numbers
Operations on Real Numbers
Real numbers can be combined using the familiar operations:
• Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Division
Order of Operations on Real Numbers
When evaluating arithmetic expressions that contain several

of these operations, we use the following convention to
determine the order in which operations are performed:
Order of Operations on Real Numbers
1. Perform operations inside parenthesis first, beginning with

the innermost pair.
2. Perform all power
3. Perform all multiplication and division
• Working from left to right
4. Perform all addition and subtraction
• Working from left to right
Properties of Real Numbers
Introduction
We all know that: 2+3=3+2

5+7=7+5
513 + 87 = 87 + 513
and so on.
• In algebra, we express all these

(infinitely many) facts by writing:
a+b=b+a
where a and b stand for any two numbers.
Commutative Property
In other words, “a + b = b + a” is a concise

way of saying that:
“when we add two numbers, the order

of addition doesn’t matter.”
• This is called the Commutative Property

for Addition.
Properties of Real Numbers
From our experience with numbers, we

know that these properties are also valid.
Distributive Property
The Distributive Property

applies:
• Whenever we multiply a number

by a sum.
Distributive Property
Figure 2 explains why this property works

for the case in which all the numbers are
positive integers.
• However, it is true
for any real numbers
a, b, and c.
E.g. 3—Using the Properties Example (a)
2 + (3 + 7)
= 2 + (7 + 3) (Commutative Property of Addition)
= (2 + 7) + 3 (Associative Property of Addition)

E.g. 3—Using the Properties Example (b)
2(x + 3)
=2.x+2.3 (Distributive Property)
= 2x + 6 (Simplify)
E.g. 3—Using the Properties Example (c)
(a + b)(x + y)
= (a + b)x + (a + b)y (Distributive Property)
= (ax + bx) + (ay + by) (Distributive Property)
= ax + bx + ay + by (Associative Property
of Addition)
• In the last step, we removed the parentheses.

• According to the Associative Property, the order
of addition doesn’t matter.
Addition and Subtraction
Additive Identity
The number 0 is special for addition.
It is called the additive identity.
• This is because a + 0 = a for a real number a.

Subtraction
Every real number a has a negative, –a,

that satisfies a + (–a) = 0.
Subtraction undoes addition.
• To subtract a number from another,

we simply add the negative of that number.
• By definition, a – b = a + (–b)
Note on “–a”
Don’t assume that –a is a negative number.

• Whether –a is a negative or positive number depends on the value of
a.
• For example, if a = 5, then –a = –5.

– A negative number
• However, if a = –5, then –a = –(–5) = 5.

– A positive number
Properties of Negatives
To combine real numbers involving

negatives, we use these properties.
Property 5 & 6 of Negatives
Property 5 is often used with more than

two terms:
• –(a + b + c) = –a – b – c
Property 6 states the intuitive fact

that:
• a – b and b – a are negatives of each other.
E.g. 4—Using Properties of Negatives
Let x, y, and z be real numbers.
a) –(3 + 2) = –3 – 2 (Property 5: –(a + b) = –a – b)
b) –(x + 2) = –x – 2 (Property 5: –(a + b) = –a – b)
c) –(x + y – z) = –x – y – (–z) (Property 5)
= –x – y + z (Property 2:
–(– a) = a)
Multiplication and Division
Multiplicative Identity
The number 1 is special for multiplication.
It is called the multiplicative identity.
• This is because a . 1 = a for any

real number a.
Division
Every nonzero real number a has an inverse,

1/a, that satisfies a . (1/a).
Division undoes multiplication.

• To divide by a number, we multiply by
the inverse of that number.
• If b ≠ 0, then, by definition,
a ÷ b = a . 1/b
• We write a . (1/b) as simply a/b.
Division
We refer to a/b as:
The quotient of a and b or as

the fraction a over b.
• a is the numerator.
• b is the denominator (or divisor).
Division
To combine real numbers using division,

we use these properties.
Solving Inequalities by Adding or
Subtracting
Warm Up
Write the inequality for each situation.
1. There are at least 28 days in a month.
days in a month ≥ 28
2. The temperature is above 72°.
temperature > 72°
3. At most 9 passengers can ride in the van.
passengers ≤ 9
Subtracting
Learn to solve one-step inequalities by

adding or subtracting.
Subtracting
Subtracting
Additional Example 1A: Using the Addition Property
of Inequality
Solve. Then graph the solution set on a number
line.
n – 7 ≤ 15
n – 7 ≤ 15
+7 +7 Add 7 to both sides.
n ≤ 22
Draw a closed circle at 22 then

shade the line to the left of 22.
–88 -66 -44 -22 0 22 44 66

Subtracting
Additional Example 1B: Using the Addition Property
of Inequality
Solve. Then graph the solution set on a number
line.
a – 10 ≥ –3
a – 10 ≥ –3
+ 10 +10 Add 10 to both sides.
a ≥ 7 Draw a closed circle at 7.
Then shade the line to the right.
–4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10
Subtracting
Check It Out: Example 1A
Solve. Then graph the solution set on a
number line.
d – 12 ≤ –18
d – 12 ≤ –18
+ 12 + 12 Add 12 to both sides.
d ≤ –6
Draw a closed circle at –6 then

shade the line to the left of –6.
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6
Subtracting
Remember!
Draw a closed circle when the inequality
includes the point and an open circle when it
does not include the point.
Subtracting
Check It Out: Example 1B
Solve. Then graph the solution set on a

number line.
b – 14 ≥ –8
b – 14 ≥ –8
+ 14 +14 Add 14 to both sides.
b ≥ 6 Draw a closed circle at 6.
Then shade the line to the right.
–4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10
Subtracting
You can check the solution to an

inequality is true by choosing any number
in the solution set and substituting it into
the original inequality.
Subtracting
Additional Example 2A: Using the Subtraction
Property of Inequality
Solve. Check each answer.
d + 11 > 6
d + 11 > 6
–11 –11 Subtract 11 from both sides.
d > –5
Check
d + 11 > 6
0 + 11 ?
> 6 0 is greater than –5.
? Substitute 0 for d.
11 > 6
Subtracting
Additional Example 2B: Solving Inequalities by
Subtracting
Solve. Check your answer.
b + 12 ≤ 19
b + 12 ≤ 19
b ≤ 7
Check
b + 12 ≤ 19
?
6 + 12 ≤ 19 6 is less than 7.
18 ?
≤ 19 Substitute 6 for b.
Subtracting
Check It Out: Example 2A
Solve. Check each answer.

c + 15 > 9
c + 15 > 9
c > –6
Check
c + 15 > 9
0 + 15 ?
> 9 0 is greater than –6.
? Substitute 0 for c.
15 > 9
Subtracting
Check It Out: Example 2B
Solve. Check your answer.
a + 15 ≤ 20
a + 15 ≤ 20
a ≤ 5
Check
a + 15 ≤ 20
?
4 + 15 ≤ 20 4 is less than 5.
19 ?
≤ 20 Substitute 4 for a.
Quadratic and Rational Inequalities
Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Sec 10.7 - 102
Solving Quadratic Inequalities Using Test Numbers
Interval Interval Interval

A B C
–2 1

A B C
–2 1

A B C
–2 1
Steps for Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solving a Third-Degree Polynomial Inequality
–3 0 2
Solving a Third-Degree Polynomial Inequality
Interval Interval Interval Interval

A B C D
( ) (
–3 0 2
Rational Inequalities
Solving Rational Inequalities
A B C
F T F

A B C
(

A B C
( (
Absolute value | x | : is the distance
between x and 0. If | x | = 8, then
– 8 and 8 is a solution of the
equation ; or | x |  8, then any
number between 8 and 8 is a
solution of the inequality.
Absolute Value (of x)
• Symbol lxl
• The distance x is from 0 on the number line.
• Always positive
• Ex: l-3l=3
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
Recall:
You can solve some absolute-value To solve absolute-value equations, you
equations using mental math. For can use the fact that the expression inside
instance, you learned that the equation the absolute value symbols can be either
| x | 3 has two solutions: 3 and 3. positive or negative.
Solving an Absolute-Value Equation:
Solve | x  2 |  5 Solve | 2x  7 |  5  4
Answer ::
Solving an Absolute-Value Equation
Solve | x  2 |  5
The expression x  2 can be equal to 5 or 5.
x  2 IS POSITIVE x  2 IS NEGATIVE
|x2|5 |x2|5
x  2  5 x  2  5
x7 x  3
The equation has two solutions: 7 and –3.
CHECK | 7  2 |  | 5 |  5 | 3  2 |  | 5 |  5
Answer ::
Solve | 2x  7 |  5  4
SOLUTION
Isolate the absolute value expression on one side of the equation.
2x  7 IS POSITIVE 2x  77 IS
2x IS NEGATIVE
NEGATIVE
| 2x  7 |  5  4 2x  77 ||  55  44
|| 2x
| 2x  7 |  9 2x  77 ||  99
|| 2x
2x  7  +9
2x 
2x
2x 7 
 77 9
 9
9
2x  16 2x  2
2x 2
x8 x  1
TWO SOLUTIONS x  1
Solve the following Absolute-Value Equation:
Practice:
1) Solve 6x-3 = 15
2) Solve 2x + 7 -3 = 8
Answer ::
1) Solve 6x-3 = 15
6x-3 = 15 or 6x-3 = -15
6x = 18 or 6x = -12
x = 3 or x = -2
* Plug in answers to check your solutions!

Answer ::
2) Solve 2x + 7 -3 = 8
Get the abs. value part by itself first!
2x+7 = 11
Now split into 2 parts.
2x+7 = 11 or 2x+7 = -11
2x = 4 or 2x = -18
x = 2 or x = -9
Check the solutions.
***Important NOTE***
3 2x + 9 +12 = 10
- 12 - 12
3 2x + 9 = - 2
3 3
2x + 9 = - 2
3
What about this absolute value equation? 3x – 6 – 5 = – 7
Solving an Absolute Value Inequality:
● Step 1: Rewrite the inequality as a conjunction or a
disjunction.
● If you have a  or  you are working with a
conjunction or an ‘and’ statement.
Remember: “Less thand”
● If you have a  or  you are working with a

disjunction or an ‘or’ statement.
Remember: “Greator”
● Step 2: In the second equation you must negate the
right hand side and reverse the direction of the
inequality sign.
● Solve as a compound inequality.
Ex: “and” inequality
4 x  9  21
• Becomes an “and” problem
Positive Negative
4x – 9 ≤ 21 4x – 9 ≥ -21
+9 +9 +9 +9
4x ≤ 30 4x ≥ -12
4 4 4 4
x ≤ 7.5 x ≥ -3
-3 7 8
This is an ‘or’ In the 2nd
statement.
(Greator).
Ex: “or” inequality inequality, reverse
the inequality sign
and negate the
|2x + 1| > 7 right side value.
2x + 1 > 7 or 2x + 1 < - 7
–1 -1 –1 -1
2x > 6 2x < - 8
2 2 2 2
x>3
-4 3
Solving Absolute Value Inequalities:
Solve | x  4 | < 3 and graph the solution.
Solve | 2x  1 | 3  6 and graph the solution.

Answer ::
Solve | x  4 | < 3
x  4 IS POSITIVE x  4 IS NEGATIVE
|x4|3 |x4|3
x  4  3 x  4  3 Reverse
inequality symbol.
x7 x1
The solution is all real numbers greater than 1 and less than 7.
This can be written as 1  x  7.

Answer ::
Solve | 2x  1 | 3  6 and graph the solution.
2x + 1 IS POSITIVE 2x + 1 IS NEGATIVE
| 2x  1 |  3  6 | 2x  1 | 3  6 Reverse
inequality
| 2x  1 |  9 | 2x  1 |  9 symbol.
2x  1  +9 2x  1  9
2x  8 2x  10
x4 x  5
The solution is all real numbers greater than or equal
to 4 or less than or equal to  5. This can be written as the
compound inequality x   5 or x  4.
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Solve and graph the following
Absolute-Value Inequalities:
3) 3 x  2  3  11
4) |x -5| < 3
Solve
Answer
& graph.
::
3) 3 x  2  3  11
• Get absolute value by itself first.
3x  2  8
• Becomes an “or” problem
3x  2  8 or 3x  2  8
3x  10 or 3x  6
10
x or x  2
3
-2 3 4
Answer ::
This is an ‘and’ statement.
4) |x -5|< 3 (Less thand).
x -5< 3 and x -5< 3 Rewrite.
x -5< 3 and x -5> -3 In the 2nd inequality, reverse the

inequality sign and negate the
right side value.
x < 8 and x > 2
Solve each inequality.
2<x<8
Graph the solution.
2 8
Solve and Graph
5) 4m - 5 > 7 or 4m - 5 < - 9
6) 3 < x - 2 < 7
7) |y – 3| > 1
8) |p + 2| + 4 < 10
9) |3t - 2| + 6 = 2
THANK YOU

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Sistem Mengenal macam-macam sistem

Sistem perkuliahan pada tahun ajaran 2021/2022 dilakukan

Untuk setiap pertemuan menggunakan zoom/gmeet

 Konsep himpunan merupakan konsep yang penting dalam mempelajari

Himpunan Elemen-elemen Notasi ∈ dan ∉

 Dengan mendaftarkan elemen-elemen himpunan bersangkutan

 Himpunan dengan banyak elemen berhingga disebut himpunan berhingga

maka 𝐶 ⊂ 𝐴, 𝐶 ⊂ 𝐵 tetapi 𝐵 ⊈ 𝐴 sebab 7 ∈ 𝐵 dan 7 ∉ 𝐴.

▪ adalah salah satu cara untuk merepresentasikan suatu himpunan secara

Natural numbers (ℕ) : The natural numbers is the set of

Integers (ℤ) : The set of integers is the set of all whole

Number Calculator/ Decimals

So some numbers cannot be written as a ratio of two

Irrational numbers are numbers that can be written as

Famous Irrational Numbers

The Golden Ratio: The first digits look like

Are these the only irrational numbers

The set of Rational and Irrational numbers

Real numbers can be combined using the familiar operations:

When evaluating arithmetic expressions that contain several

1. Perform operations inside parenthesis first, beginning with

We all know that: 2+3=3+2

• In algebra, we express all these

In other words, “a + b = b + a” is a concise

“when we add two numbers, the order

• This is called the Commutative Property

From our experience with numbers, we

The Distributive Property

• Whenever we multiply a number

Figure 2 explains why this property works

= 2 + (7 + 3) (Commutative Property of Addition)

= (2 + 7) + 3 (Associative Property of Addition)

=2.x+2.3 (Distributive Property)

= (ax + bx) + (ay + by) (Distributive Property)

• In the last step, we removed the parentheses.

The number 0 is special for addition.

It is called the additive identity.

• This is because a + 0 = a for a real number a.

Every real number a has a negative, –a,

Subtraction undoes addition.

• To subtract a number from another,

Don’t assume that –a is a negative number.

• For example, if a = 5, then –a = –5.

• However, if a = –5, then –a = –(–5) = 5.

To combine real numbers involving

Property 5 is often used with more than

Property 6 states the intuitive fact

Let x, y, and z be real numbers.

a) –(3 + 2) = –3 – 2 (Property 5: –(a + b) = –a – b)

b) –(x + 2) = –x – 2 (Property 5: –(a + b) = –a – b)

c) –(x + y – z) = –x – y – (–z) (Property 5)

The number 1 is special for multiplication.

It is called the multiplicative identity.

• This is because a . 1 = a for any

Every nonzero real number a has an inverse,

Division undoes multiplication.

We refer to a/b as:

The quotient of a and b or as

To combine real numbers using division,

Learn to solve one-step inequalities by

Draw a closed circle at 22 then

–88 -66 -44 -22 0 22 44 66

Draw a closed circle at –6 then