3
3
1
Panas sensibel gas masuk kondesor, Qv
358 K
Entalpi kondensasi dihitung dengan persamaan Watson (pers. 3-75 Perrys, edisi
6 hal 3-275). Metode perhitungan dapat dilihat pada perhitungan neraca panas
Vaporizer VP
1,5403 kg/jam
Q C2H4Cl2 = kg x 24.118,7734 kJ/kmol
98,9592 ⁄
km
kJ
= 375,4018 ⁄jam
2
2,5487 kg/jam
Q H2O kg x 8.855,2094 kJ/kmol
=
⁄
18 kmol
kJ
= 2,1502 ⁄jam
Qc = Q C2H4Cl2 + Q H2O
= 375,4018 kJ⁄jam + 2,1502 kJ⁄jam
= 377,5520 kJ/jam
152,4868 kg/jam
Q C2H4Cl2 = kg x 9.034,6653
kJ/kmol 98,9592 ⁄
km
kJ
= 13.921,5761 ⁄jam
0,2800 kg/jam
Q H2O = kg x 4.288,9847 kJ/kmol
18 ⁄
kmol
kJ
= 66,7293 ⁄jam
QLD = Q C2H4Cl2 + Q H2O
= 13.921,5761 kJ⁄jam + 66,7293 kJ⁄jam
= 13.988,3054 kJ/jam
Panas yang dilepaskan kondensor distilasi, Qcd :
Qv + Qc = QLD + QCD + QD
QCD = (Qv + Qc) - QLD
= (364,1814 + 377,5520) – (13.988,3054 +41.222,6883 )
= 55.952,7271 kJ/jam
Sebagai penyerap panas pada kondensor digunakan air dengan suhu masuk
kondensor t1 = 30°C dan suhu air t2 = 45°C. Jumlah air pendingin yang dibutuhkan :
m = QCB / cp (t2-t1)
= 55.952,7271 / 1 (45-30)
= 839.290,9069 kg
3
Panas yang dibutuhkan pada reboiler distilasi, QRB :
Neraca panas total
QF + QRB = QD + QB + QCD
QRB = (QD + QB + QCD) - QF
= (41.222,6883+837.928,9493+55.952,7271)-837.928,9308
= 852.658,9697 kJ/jam
Sebagai pemanas pada reboiler distilasi digunakan saturated steam (uap jenuh)
pada kondisi suhu 200°C dan tekanan 16,0 kg F/cm 2. Dari table steam (appendix III
stoichiometri) ; diketahui entalpi penguapan steam :
4
16. Cooler (E-105)
Fungsi : Menurunkan suhu produk liquid C2Cl4 keluar bottom distilasi (D-111)
sebelum masuk tangki produk C2Cl4.
Air, t = 30°C
D-111 F-104
E-105
T = 358°K T = 303°K
Air, t = 37°C
5
Panas yang diserap pendingin, Q3 :
Q3 = Q1 – Q2
= 837.928,9493 - 36.238,7726
= -801.690,1767 kJ/jam
Sebagai pendingin digunakan air dengan suhu air masuk t1 = 30°C dan suhu air
keluar t2 = 37°C. Jumlah air pendingin yang dibutuhkan :
M = Q3 / cp x (t2-t1)
= -801.690,1767 / 1 x (37-30)
= -5.611.831,2367 kg
6
LAMPICAN C. PERHITUNGAN SPEKSIFIKASI ALAT
7
D3 = 87.621,9371 ft
D = 44,4158 ft = 45 ft
= 540 in
Tinggi Tangki (H) = 1,5 D = 1,5 (45 ft)
= 67,50 ft
= 810 in
Tinggi larutan C2H4Cl2 dalam tangki, HL :
= 1,2467 in
Perencanaan Tutup Atas
: Tebal dish, Td :
Td = 0,885 x Pd x D /2 (F. E − 0,1 Pd)
= 0,885 x 44,6356 x 540/ 2 (12650 x 0,85 − 0,1 x 44,6356)
= 0,9921 in
8
Perencanaan Tutup Bawah :
Tebal Palte, TF :
Pd
TF = c x d ( ) 1⁄2
F
= 540 x 0,162 x ((44,6356/ 12650)^ (1⁄2 ))
= 5,1964 in
9
Komposisi Laruran C2H4Cl2
Komponen m (lb) X 𝛒 (𝐥𝐛/𝐟𝐭𝟑) 𝛒. 𝐱 (𝐥𝐛/𝐟𝐭𝟑)
10
Tekanan hidrostatik fluida, ph :
Ph = ρ mix . g/gc. HL/(144 in2)
= 67,5449 lb/ft3x 1 x 36,9028ft / (144 in2)
= 17,3097 psia
P design = (ph + P Operasi) x 1,1
= (17,3097 + 14,7)x 1,1
= 35,2106 psia
Tebal shell (Ts)
Ts = {Pd x D / 2 (F.E – 0,6 Pd)} + 2
= ((35,2106 x 336)/2(12650 x 0,85 − 0,6 x 35,2106)) + 0,125
= 0,6757 in
Perencanaan Tutup
Atas Tebal dish, Td :
Td = 0,885 x Pd x D /2(12650 x 0,85 − 0,1 x Pd)
= 0,885 x 35,2106 x 336 /2(12650 x 0,85 − 0,1 x 35,2106)
= 0,4877 in
Perencanaan Tutup
Bawah Tebal palte, TF :
TF = D (( c (Pd/F)))1/2
= 336 ((0,162 (35,2106/12650))1/2
= 2,8717 in
Tinggi dish, Hd = L - {L2 – (ID/4)2}0,5
L = Crown radius
= ID -6
= 336 − 6 = 330 in
Hd = 330 − ((330 2 − (336/4)))0,5
= 10,8699 in
Jadi tinggi tangki = tinggi silinder + tinggi dish
= (504 + 10,8699) in
11
= 514,8699 in= 42,9058 ft
= 13,0771 m
3. Tangki Bahan Baku Gas Khlor (F-102)
Fungsi : Untuk menampung gas Cl2 kebutuhan proses selama 14 hari kerja
kg
Kebutuhan Cl2 jam
= 19.312,9586 ⁄jam x ⁄ x 14 hari
har
24 i
kg
= 6.489.154,1046 ⁄jam x 2,2046 lb/kg
= 14.305.989,1390
lb BM T1 P2
ρ Cl2 = )x ( )x( )
V T2 P1
= ( 71 lb⁄3 lbmol 492°R 1117,6231 pa
395 ft ⁄ )x ( )x( )
lbmol546°R 14,7psi
= 13,5492 lb⁄ft3
14.305.989,1390 lb
Volume Cl2
13,5492 lb⁄ft3
=
= 1.055.853,0918 ft3
12
Komponen m (lb) X 𝛒 (𝐥𝐛/𝐟𝐭𝟑) 𝛒. 𝐱 (𝐥𝐛/𝐟𝐭𝟑)
C2H4Cl2 18,2291 0,0007 7,7198 0,0051
H2O 30,1642 0,0011 6,1463 0,0067
C2Cl4 27.509,3567 0,9982 9,9816 9,9641
Total 27.557,7500 1,0000 9,9759
ρ mix = 9,9759 lb⁄ft3
9.920.700,0000 lb
Volume larutan = 9,9759 lb⁄ft3
= 994.466,0865 ft3
Direncanakan tangki berbentuk silinder vertikal dengan tutup bawah plate head
dan tutup atas dishead. Produk bawah distilasi ditampung dalam 8 buah tangki.
Volume larutan produk C2Cl4 dalam 1 tangki adalah :
994.466,0865 ft3
=
8
= 124.308,2608 ft3
Volume larutan produk C2Cl4 dalam tangki = 0,85 volume
tangki 124.308,2608 ft3
Volume tangki = 0,85
= 146.245,0127 ft3
13
= 63,3418 ft
Tekanan hidrostatik fluida, ph ∶
g HL
pH = ρ mix . .
gc (144 in2)
63,3418
= 9,9759 x 1 x
(144 in2)
= 4,3881 psi
P design = (ph + P operasi)x
1,1
= (4,3881 x 14,7)x 1,1
= 20,9970 psi
Tebal shell (Ts) : (Pd x D)
Ts = { − 0,6 x Pd} + 2
(2(12650 x 0,85))
20,9970 x 600
= {( − 0,6 x 20,9970 )} + 2
(2(12650 x 0,85)
= 0,7112 in
Perencanaan tutup
atas Tebal dish, Td :
0,885 x Pd x D
Td = ( { (
2 12650 x 0,85 − 0,1 x Pd)})
0,885 x 20,9970 x 600
=( )
{2(12650 x 0,85 − 0,1 x 20,9970 )}
= 0,5185 in
Perencanaan tutup
bawah Tebal Palte, TF :
TF = D (( c (Pd/F)))1/2
= 600 ((0,162 (20,9970/12650))1/2
= 3,9600 in
Tinggi dish, Hd = L - {L2 – (ID/4)2}0,5
L = Crown radius
= ID -6
14
= 600 − 6 = 594 in
Hd = 594 − ((5942 − (600/4)))0,5
= 19,2514 in
140.759,8141ft3
Volume bahan bakar 1 tangki =
2
= 70.379,9071ft3
Volume bahan bakar = 0,85 volume tangki
15
Volume tangki = 70.379,9071 ft3 / 0,85
= 82.799,8907 ft3
Volume tangki, Vt = 1⁄4 π D2. L = 1⁄4 π D2. (3 D)
= 3⁄4 π D3
D = (4 Vt /3π)1/3
D = (4 x 82.799,8907/ 3 x 3,14)1/3
= 32,7602 ft = 9,9838 m = 10 m
Panjang tangki (L)
L =3D
= 3 (32,7602)ft
= 98,2895 ft
= 29,9544 m
= 30 m
6. Reaktor (R-101)
Nama : Reaktor
Jenis reaktor : Fluidized Bed
Fungsi : Untuk mereaksikan etilen dikhlorida menjadi
perkloroetilen pada fase gas
Kondisi operasi : 1,7 atm = 17,64
Psi Waktu tinggal : 0,04 jam
Katalis : Silica – Alumina
Temperature masuk : 589°C
Temperature keluar : 589°C
Dasar Perancangan :
Produk perkloroetilen (C2Cl4) 99,3%
Persamaan reaksi :
C2H4Cl2 + 3 Cl2 C2Cl4 + 4 HCl
16
Dari perhitungan neraca massa diketahui aliran umpan gas masuk reaktor, adalah :
Komponen BM (kg/mol) M (kg/jam) M (kmol/jam) Fraksi Mol (Xi)
C2H4Cl2 99 8.268,5868 83,5211 0,2346
H2O 18 15,1857 0,8436 0,0024
HCl 36,5 36,5000 1,0000 0,0028
Cl2 71 19.213,1889 270,6083 0,7602
Total 27.533,4614 355,9730 1,0000
Menghitung ρ campuran
Temperatur (T) = 589°C
Tekanan (P) = 1,7
atm BM T1 P2
ρ campuran = x x
V T2 P1
Ket :
Σ BM x Xi = Σ[(X C2H4Cl2 x BM C2H4Cl2) + (X H2O x BM H2O)
+ (X HCl x BM HCl) + (X Cl2 x BM Cl2)]
= [(0,2346 x 99) + (0,0024 x 18) + (0,0028 x 36,5)
+ (0,7602 x 71)]
= 77,3470 lb/lbmol
Jadi
∶
77,3470 x 471,2 20,58 Psi
𝜌 Campuran x
= 359 1257 14,7 Psi
= 0,1131 lb/ft3
= 1,8112 kg/m3
- Rancangan dimensi reaktor
Menentukan volume reaktor
Bahan masuk = 27.596,7311 kg/jam = 60.850,7920
lb/jam ρ campuran= 0,1131 lb/ft3
27.596,7311 lb⁄jam
= 0,1131 lb⁄ft3
= 538.169,2953 ft3/jam
17
Volume liquid = Rate Volumetrik x Waktu operasi
= 538.169,2953 ft3/jam x 1 jam
= 538.169,2953 ft3
Diasumsikan volume ruang kosong : 20% volume liquid serta volume coil dan
pengaduk L 10% volume liquid.
Volume ruang kosong = 20% x Volume liquid
= 20% x 538.169,2953 ft3
= 107.633,8591 ft3
Volume Coil & Pengaduk = 10% x Volume liquid
= 10% x 538.169,2953 ft3
= 53.816,9295 ft3
Jadi, volume total = Vliquid + Vruang kosong + Vcoil & pengaduk
= 538.169,2953 + 107.633,8591 + 53.816,9295
= 699.620,0839 ft3
= 5.233.857,8475 gallon
18
3
= 538.169,2953 ft3 - 𝜋 . di
24 .tan 60
(3,14) X 175.532,24163
= 538.169,2953 ft3 − 24 X (1,7321)
Vliquid dalam
� shell
Hliquid dalam shell =
4 x di2
74,8193 ft
= (3,14 ( )2
4 X 80,7531 ft
)
= 0,0146 ft
0,1131 X (0,0146−1)
= 144
= 0,0008 Psi
19
Standarisasi do
do = di + 2.ts
= 969,0376 in + 2(0,6327 in)
= 970,3030 in
Standarisasi do = 180 in (Brownell & Young, tabel 5-7, hal. 91)
di = do – 2.ts
di = 180 in – 2(0,6327
in) di = 178,7346 in
= 14,8945 ft
Ls = 63,3585 ft = 760,3016 in
𝐿𝑠
63,3585 ft
𝑑𝑖 = 14,8945 ft
= 4,2538 ft
- Menentukan dimensi tutup
Menentukan tebal tutup atas dan bawah terebntuk standart dushed
r = 170 in (Brownell & Young tabel 5.7 hal. 90)
icr = 9/16 in (Brownell & Young tabel 5.7 hal. 88)
sf = 2,0 (Brownell & Young tabel 5.7 hal. 88)
20
2.790,4227 1
tha = 14.998,2359 +6
tha = 0,3527 in
Tinggi tutup atas (ha) :
a = 𝑑𝑖
2
178,7346
= 2
= 89,3673 in
AB = a – icr
= (89,3673 – 9/16) in
= 88,8048 in
BC = r – icr
= (170 – 9/16) in
= 169,4375 in
AC = √(𝐵𝐶)2 + (𝐴𝐵)2
= √(169,4375 )2 + (88,8048)2
= 191,2991 in
b = AC – r
= (191,2991 – 170 ) in
= 21,2991 in
ha = tha + b + sf
= (0,3527+ 21,2991+ 2,0) in
ha = 23,6518 in
21
ha = 23,6518 in
thb = 0,3527 in
hb = 23,6518 in
tinggi reaktor = tinggi tutup bawah + silinder + tutup atas
= hb + Ls + ha
= (23,6518+ 760 + 23,6518) in
= 807,6052 in
Spesifikasi Reaktor
1. Dimensi tangki :
- Bahan konstruksi = Stainnless steel SA 240 Grade M Type 316
- Di (diameter dalam) = 178,7346 in
- Do (diameter luar) = 180 in
- ts (tebal silinder) = 0,6327 in
- Ls (tinggi silinder = 760,3016 in
- tha (tebal tutup atas) = 0,3527 in
- ha (tinggi tutup atas) = 23,6518 in
- thb (tebal tutup bawah) = 0,3527 in
- hb (tinggi tutup bawah = 23,6518 in
- Tinggi tangki = 807,6052 in
= 8.342.755,9206 lb
22
3⁄ 1 ft3 1 kg
Spesifikasi volume = 0,0010043 m kg x ⁄ ⁄
0,0028 m3 2,20462 lb
ft3 x
= 0,1627 ⁄lb
ρ air =1 3
⁄ ft
0,1627 ⁄lb
ft3
= 6,1465 ⁄lb
Komponen m (lb) x 𝛒 (𝐥𝐛/𝐟𝐭𝟑) 𝛒. 𝐱 (𝐥𝐛/𝐟𝐭𝟑)
HCl 24.378,0505 0,2104 7,7935 1,6397
H2O 91.493,5595 0,7896 6,1465 4,8534
Total 115.871,6100 1,0000 6,4930
8.342.755,9206lb
Volume larutan = 6,4930 lb⁄ft3
= 1.284.881,7509 ft3
Direncanakan tangki berbentuk silinder tegak dengan tutup bawah plate head dan
tutup atas dishead . Tangki produk bawah absorber sebanyak 3 buah.
Volume larutan HCl dalam 1 tangki adalah :
= 1.284.881,7509 ft3 / 3
= 428.293,9170 ft3
Volume larutan HCl dalam tangki = 0,85 volume
tangki Volume tangki = 428.293,9170 ft3 / 0,85
= 503.875,1964 ft3
23
Tinggi larutan HCl dalam tangki, HL :
= 20,9809 psi
Tebal shell (Ts)
Ts = {Pd x D / 2 (F.E – 0,6 Pd)} + 2
= ((20,9809 x 900)/2(12650 x 0,85 − 0,6 x 20,9809)) + 0,125
= 1,0036 in
Perencanaan Tutup
Atas Tebal dish, Td :
Td = 0,885 x Pd x D /2(12650 x 0,85 − 0,1 x Pd)
= 0,885 x 20,9809 x 900 /2(12650 x 0,85 − 0,1 x 20,9809)
= 0,7772 in
Perencanaan Tutup
Bawah Tebal palte, TF :
TF = D (( c (Pd/F)))1/2
= 900 ((0,162 (20,9809/12650))1/2
= 5,9378 in
Tinggi dish, Hd = L - {L2 – (ID/4)2}0,5
L = Crown radius
= ID - 6
24
= 1.350,0000 − 6 = 1.344,0000 in
Hd = 1.344,0000 − ((11.344,0000 2 − (900/4)))0,5
= 18,9675 in
8. Cooler (E-101)
Fungsi : Untuk menurunkan suhu gas produk reaktor (R-101) sebelum masuk
25
27
S= = 0,038
(797 − 86)
Ft = 1,0 digunakan untuk 2 − 4 shell & tube exchanger
c. Tc = 684,5℉ tc = 99,5℉
UD = 24 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
Q
A=
UD. ∆t
320.762,0751
=
(24 x 579,3700)
= 23,0683 ft2
Ukuran tube
OD tube = 1 1⁄2 in
BWG =8
L = 4 ft
a’t = 1,075 in2
a"t = 0,3925 ft2
ID Tube = 1,17 in
23,0683,
= x 0,3925
4
= 14,6932
Ukuran Shell ∶
OD Shell = 1 1⁄2 in
26
L = 4 ft
Passes =6
Nt = 15
ID Shell = 12 in
A terkoreksi = Nt x L x a”t
= 15 x 4 x 0,3925
= 23,5500 ft2
UD terkoreksi = Q
A X ∆t
320.762,0751
= 23,5500 X 579,3700
= 23,5091 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
ID X C𝐹X B
as = 144 Pt C′ = Pt − OD = 1,875 − 1,5
= 0,3750
ID
B= = 12 = 2,4
5 5
12 X 0,3750 X 2,4
as = 144 X 1,875
= 0,0400 ft2
W
Gs =
as
60.850,7920 lb⁄jam
= 0,0400 ft2
= 1.521.269,8006 lb⁄j.
ft2 Tc = 527 F
μ = 0,019 cp x 2,42 = 0,046 lb⁄ft. j
1,4875
Dc = 12 = 0,1240
27
Dc X Gs
Res = μ
0,1240 X 1.521.269,8006
= 0,0460
= 4.101.219,4221
jH = 500
Pada Tc = 527℉
C = 0,48 Btu⁄lb F
K = 0,9 x (0,0233) = 0,021 Btu⁄j. ft2 ℉⁄ft
jH X (K⁄Dc)
ho = (c X μ⁄k)1/3
= 500 x (0,021⁄0,1240)
(0,48 x 0,046⁄0,021)1/3
W
Gt = at
1.664.256,1908
=
0,0187
= 89.173.168,9188 lb⁄j. Ft2
tc = 99,5 F
μ = 0,75 cp x 2,42 = 1,815 lb⁄Ft. j
1,17
28
D= = 0,0975
12
29
D X Gt
Ret =
μ
0,0975 x 89.173.168,9188
=
1,8150
= 4.790.294,1981
jH = 25
tc = 99,5℉
C = 1,0 Btu⁄lb℉
K = 0,3623 Btu⁄j. Ft2 ℉⁄ft
jH X (k/D)
hi = (c X μ⁄k)1/3
25 x (0,3623⁄0,0975)
=
(1 x 1,815⁄0,3623)1/3
155,1282
=
1,17/1,5
= 121,0000 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
hio X ho
Sehingga Uc =
(hio+ho)
121,0000 x 29,6745
=
(121,0000 + 29,6745)
23,8303 − 23,5091
= 23,8303 x 23,5091
= 0,0006
Rd hitung < Rd ketentuan sehingga desain HE layak digunakan.
30
9. Cooler (C-02)
Fungsi : Untuk menurunkan suhu gas produk reaktor R-01 yang keluar dari C-01
sebelum masuk partial condenser CD-01.
a. Laju alir fluida panas (W)= 27.596,7311 kg⁄jam = 60.850,7920 lb⁄jam
Laju alir fluida dingin (W)=18.342.511,2587 kg = 40.445.237,3254 lb⁄jam
Q = 1.222.834,0839 kj⁄jam = 1.159.084,4397 Btu⁄jam
b. Suhu fluida panas masuk = 300°C = 572°F
Suhu fluida panas keluar = 125°C = 257°F
Suhu fluida dingin masuk = 30°C = 86°F
Suhu fluida dingin keluar = 45°C = 113°F
c. Tc = 414,5℉ tc = 99,5℉
UD = 30 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
Q
A=
UD. ∆t
1.159.084,4397
=
(30 x 291,6800)
= 132,4607 ft2
31
Ukuran tube
OD tube = 3⁄4
in BWG = 16
L = 6 ft
a’t = 0,302 in2
a"t = 0,1963 ft2
ID Tub = 0,620 in
132,4607
= x 0,1963
6
= 112,4645
Ukuran Shell ∶
OD Shell = 3⁄4 in
Pt
= 15⁄16 in triangular pitch
L = 6 ft
Passes =6
Nt = 113
ID Shell = 8 in
A terkoreksi = Nt x L x a”t
= 113 x 6 x 0,1963
= 113,0914 ft2
UD terkoreksi = Q
A X ∆t
1.159.084,4397
= 133,0914 X 291,6800
= 29,8578 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
32
Fluida Panas, Shell Side
∶ ID X C𝐹X B
as = C′ = Pt − OD = 0,9375 − 0,75
144 Pt
= 0,1875
ID
B= = 8 = 1,6
5 5
8 x 0,1875 x 1,6
as =
144 x 0,9375
= 0,0178 ft2
W
Gs = as
60.850,7920 lb⁄jam
= 0,0178 ft2
= 3.422.857,0513 lb⁄j.
ft2 Tc = 414,5 F
μ = 0,0165 cp x 2,42 = 0,0399 lb⁄ft. j
0,7428
Dc = = 0,0619
12
Dc X Gs
Res = μ
0,0619 X 3.422.857,0513
= 0,0399
= 5.306.157,0617
jH = 310
Pada Tc = 414,5℉
C = 0,47 Btu⁄lb F
K = 0,9 x (0,0195) = 0,0176 Btu⁄j. ft2 ℉⁄ft
jH X (K⁄Dc)
ho = (c X μ⁄k)1/3
310 x (0,176⁄0,0619)
=
(0,47 x 0,0399⁄0,0176)1/3
33
Fluida Dingin, Tube Side ∶
Nt x a′t
at =
144 n
113 x 0,302
=
144 x 6
= 0,0395 ft2
W
Gt = at
40.445.237,3254
=
0,0395
= 1.023.990.067,6661 lb⁄j.
Ft2 tc = 99,5 F
μ = 0,75 cp x 2,42 = 1,815 lb⁄Ft. j
0,62
D= = 0,0517
12
D X Gt
Ret =
μ
0,0517 x 1.023.990.067,6661
=
1,8150
= 29.149.395,8656
jH = 130
tc = 99,5℉
C = 1,0 Btu⁄lb℉
K = 0,3623 Btu⁄j. Ft2 ℉⁄ft
jH X (k/D)
hi = (c X μ⁄k)1/3
130 x (0,3623⁄0,0517)
=
(1 x 1,815⁄0,3623)1/3
34
hi
hio =
ID⁄OD
1.522,2581
=
0,62/1,5
= 629,2000 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
hio X ho
Sehingga Uc =
(hio+ho)
629,2000 x 31,3290
=
(629,2000 + 31,3290)
Uc−UD
Rd = Uc X UD
29,8431 − 29,8578
=
29,8431 x 29,8578
= 0,0000
Rd hitung < Rd ketentuan sehingga desain HE layak digunakan.
35
10. Cooler (E-103)
Fungsi : Untuk menurunkan suhu gas keluar top KOD (H-101)sebelum masuk
partial Absorber (D-101).
a. Laju alir fluida panas (W)= 27.596,7311 kg⁄jam = 60.850,7920 lb⁄jam
Laju alir fluida dingin (W)= 18.342.511,2587 kg = 40.445.237,3254
lb⁄jam Q = 1.222.834,0839 kj⁄jam = 1.159.084,4397 Btu⁄jam
b. Suhu fluida panas masuk = 125°C = 257°F
Suhu fluida panas keluar = 40°C = 104°F
Suhu fluida dingin masuk = 30°C = 86°F
Suhu fluida dingin keluar = 37°C = 98,6°F
Fluida Panas Fluida Dingin Difference
257 98,6 158,4 ∆t2
104 86 18 ∆t1
153 12,6 140,4 ∆t2 - ∆t1
LMTD = 140,4 / ln (158,4/18)
= 64,5600°F
153
R= = 12,1429
26 12,6
S= = 0,0737
(257 − 86)
Ft = 0,970 digunakan untuk 2 − 4 shell & tube exchanger (Fig. 19 kern)
∆t = 0,970 x 64,5600℉ = 62,6263℉
c. Tc = 180,5℉ tc = 92,3℉
UD = 16 Btu⁄ j. ft2℉ (table 8 kern hal
840) Q
A=
UD. ∆t
826.397,0363
=
16 x 62,6263
= 824,7712 ft2
36
Ukuran tube
OD tube = 3⁄4 in
BWG = 16
L = 8 ft
a’t = 0,302 in2
a"t = 0,1963 ft2
ID Tube = 0,620 in
Jumlah tube (Nt) = Ax a"t
L
824,7712
= x 0,1963
8
= 525,1982
Ukuran Shell ∶
OD Shell = 3⁄4 in
Pt = 15⁄16 in triangular
pitch L = 8 ft
Passes =8
Nt = 526
ID Shell = 10 in
A terkoreksi = Nt x L x a”t
= 526 x 8 x 0,1963
= 826,0304 ft2
UD terkoreksi = Q
A X ∆t
826.397,0363
= 826,0304 X 62,6232
= 15,9756 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
37
Fluida Panas, Shell Side
∶ ID X C𝐹X B
as = C′ = Pt − OD = 0,9375 − 0,75
144 Pt
= 0,1875
ID
B= = 10 = 2
5 5
19 x 0,1875 x b
as =
144 x 0,9375
= 0,0278 ft2
W
Gs = as
31.479,9859 lb⁄jam
= 0,0278 ft2
= 1.133.279,4931 lb⁄j.
ft2 Tc = 180,5 F
μ = 0,0118 cp x 2,42 = 0,0286 lb⁄ft. j
0,7428
Dc = 12 = 0,0619
Dc X Gs
Res = μ
0,0619 X 1.133.279,4931
= 0,0286
= 2.456.576,5732
jH = 250
Pada Tc = 180,5℉
C = 0,45 Btu⁄lb F
K = 0,0131 Btu⁄j. ft2 ℉⁄ft
jH X (K⁄Dc)
ho = (c X μ⁄k)1/3
250 x (0,0131⁄0,0619)
=
(0,45 x 0,0286⁄0,0131)1/3
38
Fluida Dingin, Tube Side ∶
Nt x a′t
at =
144 n
526 x 0,302
=
144 x 8
= 0,1379 ft2
W
Gt =
at
274.632,3951
=
0,1379
= 1.991.643,2851 lb⁄j. Ft2
tc = 92,3 F
μ = 0,8 cp x 2,42 = 1,9360 lb⁄Ft. j
0,62
D= = 0,0517
12
D X Gt
Ret =
μ
0,0517 x 1.991.643,2851
=
1,9360
= 53.151,6373
jH = 100
tc = 92,3℉
C = 1,05 Btu⁄lb℉
K = 0,3589 Btu⁄j. Ft2 ℉⁄ft
jH X (k/D)
hi = (c X μ⁄k)1/3
100 x (0,3589⁄0,0517)
=
(1,05 x 1,9360⁄0,3589)1/3
3
hi
hio =
ID⁄OD
1.311,4839
=
0,62/1,5
= 542,0800 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
hio X ho
Sehingga Uc =
(hio+ho)
542,0800 x 17,2997
=
(542,0800 + 17,2997)
Uc−UD
Rd = Uc X UD
16,7647 − 15,9756
=
16,7647 x 15,9756
= 0,0029
Rd hitung < Rd ketentuan sehingga desain HE layak digunakan.
4
11. Cooler (E-104)
Fungsi : Untuk menurunkan suhu liquid keluar bottom KOD (H-101)sebelum
masuk Distilasi (D-111).
a. Laju alir fluida panas (W)= 13.320,0935 kg⁄jam = 29.370,8061 lb⁄jam
Laju alir fluida dingin (W)= 55.861,9292 kg = 123.175,5539 lb⁄jam
Q = 837.928,9383 kj⁄jam = 794.245,4392 Btu⁄jam
b. Suhu fluida panas masuk = 125°C = 257°F
Suhu fluida panas keluar = 121°C = 104°F
Suhu fluida dingin masuk = 30°C = 86°F
Suhu fluida dingin keluar = 45°C = 113°F
c. Tc = 253℉ tc = 99,5℉
Btu
UD = 35 ⁄ 2 (table 8 kern hal
j. ft ℉
Q
840) A =
UD.∆t
794.245,4392
=
35 x 152,5335
= 148,7721 ft2
4
Ukuran tube
OD tube = 1 1⁄4 in
BWG = 16
L = 4 ft
a’t = 0,9850 in2
a"t = 0,3271 ft2
ID Tube = 1,12 in
148,7721
= x 0,3271
4
= 113,7054
Ukuran Shell ∶
OD Shell = 1 1⁄4 in
Pt = 1 9⁄16 in triangular
pitch L = 4 ft
Passes =4
Nt = 113
ID Shell = 8 in
A terkoreksi = Nt x L x a”t
= 113 x 4 x 0,3271
= 147,8492ft2
UD terkoreksi = Q
A X ∆t
794.245,4392
= 147,8492 X 152,5335
= 35,2185 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
4
Fluida Panas, Shell Side
∶ ID X C𝐹X B
as = C′ = Pt − OD = 1,5625 − 1,25
144 Pt
= 0,3125
ID
B= = 8 = 1,6
5 5
8 x 0,3125 x 1,6
as =
144 x 1,5625
= 0,0178 ft2
W
Gs = as
29.370,8061 lb⁄jam
= 0,0178 ft2
= 1.652.107,8433 lb⁄j.
ft2 Tc = 253 F
μ = 0,013 cp x 2,42 = 0,0315 lb⁄ft. j
1,2381
Dc = 12 = 0,1032
Dc X Gs
Res = μ
0,1032 X 1.652.107,8433
= 0,0315
= 5.418.189,0252
jH = 700
Pada Tc = 253℉
C = 0,56 Btu⁄lb F
K = 0,0133 Btu⁄j. ft2 ℉⁄ft
jH X (K⁄Dc)
ho = (c X μ⁄k)1/3
700 x (0,0133⁄0,1032)
=
(0,56 x 0,0315⁄0,0133)1/3
4
Fluida Dingin, Tube Side ∶
Nt x a′t
at =
144 n
113 x 0,9850
=
144 x 8
= 0,0966 ft2
W
Gt =
at
123.175,5539
=
0,0966
= 1.274.859,5134 lb⁄j. Ft2
tc = 99,5 F
μ = 0,75 cp x 2,42 = 1,8150 lb⁄Ft. j
1,12
D= = 0,0933
12
D X Gt
Ret =
μ
0,0933 x 1.274.859,5134
=
1,8150
= 65.557,5140
jH = 75
tc = 99,5℉
C = 1,0 Btu⁄lb℉
K = 0,3623 Btu⁄j. Ft2 ℉⁄ft
jH X (k/D)
hi = (c X μ⁄k)1/3
75 x (0,3623⁄0,0933)
=
(1,0 x 1,8150⁄0,3623)1/3
4
hi
hio =
ID⁄OD
486,1607
=
1,12/1,5
= 363,0000 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
hio X ho
Sehingga Uc =
(hio+ho)
363,0000 x 39,8427
=
(542,0800 + 17,2997)
Uc−UD
Rd = Uc X UD
35,9021 − 35,2185
=
35,9021 x 35,2185
= 0,0005
4
12. Cooler (F-105)
Fungsi : Untuk menurunkan suhu produk liquid C2Cl4 keluar bottom distilasi (D-
111) sebelum masuk ke tangki produk C2Cl4 masuk distilasi (D-111).
a. Laju alir fluida panas (W)= 12.500,0000 kg⁄jam = 27.562,5000 lb⁄jam
Laju alir fluida dingin (W)=2.368.827,9241 kg = 5.223.265,5726 lb⁄jam
Q = 338.403,9892 kj⁄jam = 320.762,0751 Btu⁄jam
b. Suhu fluida panas masuk = 126°C = 258,8°F
Suhu fluida panas keluar = 40°C = 104°F
Suhu fluida dingin masuk = 30°C = 86°F
Suhu fluida dingin keluar = 37°C = 98,6°F
c. Tc = 181,4℉ tc = 92,3℉
UD = 35 Btu⁄ j. ft2℉ (table 8 kern hal
840) Q
A=
UD. ∆t
320.762,0751
=
35 x 65,05
= 140,8859 ft2
4
Ukuran tube
OD tube = 0,75 in
BWG = 16
L = 6 ft
a’t = 0,3020 in2
a"t = 0,1963 ft2
ID Tube = 0,620 in
Ukuran Shell ∶
OD Shell = 0,75 in
Pt = 15⁄16 in triangular
pitch L = 6 ft
Passes =6
Nt = 120
ID Shell = 8 in
A terkoreksi = Nt x L x a”t
= 120 x 6 x 0,1963
= 141,3360 ft2
UD terkoreksi = Q
A X ∆t
320.762,0751
= 141,3360 X 65,05
= 34,8885 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
4
Fluida Panas, Shell Side ∶
ID X C𝐹X B
as = 144 Pt C′ = Pt − OD = 0,9375 − 0,75
= 0,1875
ID
B= = 8 = 1,6
8 x 0,1875 x 1,6 5 5
as =
144 x 1,5625
= 0,0178 ft2
W
Gs = as
27.562,5000 lb⁄jam
=
0,0107ft2
= 2.583.984,3750 lb⁄j.
ft2 Tc = 181,4 F
0,7428
Dc = = 0,0619
12
Dc X Gs
Res = μ
0,0619 X 2.583.984,3750
=
0,0286
= 5.601.226,8109
jH = 550
Pada Tc = 181,4℉
C = 0,45 Btu⁄lb F
K = 0,0133 Btu⁄j. ft2 ℉⁄ft
4
jH X (K⁄Dc)
ho = (c X μ⁄k)1/3
550 x (0,0113⁄0,0619)
=
(0,45 x 0,0286⁄0,0113)1/3
W
Gt =
at
5.223.265,5726
= 0,0315
= 166.037.581,1170 lb⁄j. Ft2
tc = 92,3 F
μ = 0,8 cp x 2,42 = 1,9360 lb⁄Ft. j
0,62
D= = 0,0517
12
D X Gt
Ret =
μ
0,0517 x 166.037.581,1170
= 1,9360
= 4.431.099,3583
jH = 98
tc = 92,5℉
C = 1,0 Btu⁄lb℉
K = 0,3598 Btu⁄j. Ft2 ℉⁄ft
4
jH X (k/D)
hi = (c X μ⁄k)1/3
98 x (0,3598⁄0,0517)
=
(1,0 x 1,9360⁄0,3598)1/3
hio X ho
Sehingga Uc =
(hio+ho)
505,9413 x 38,0593
=
505,9413 + 38,0593
= 35,3966 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
Uc−UD
Rd = Uc X UD
35,3966 − 34,8885
=
35,3966 x 34,8885
= 0,0004
Rd hitung < Rd ketentuan sehingga desain HE layak digunakan.
5
bottom
5
α average = ½ (α top + α
bottom) K C2H4Cl2
α top K H2=O
1,0177
=
0,5562
= 1,8297
K C2H4Cl2
α bottom =
K H2 O
2,6521
=
1,9772
= 1,3413
α average = ½ + (1,8297 + 1,3413)
= 1,5855
)(
00,,09091000 0,0011
)
} 0,0100
Nm = log 1,5855
= 5,1808
= 5 plate
b. Jumlah plate teoritis (metode Billiands, Van Winkle, hal 242)
L L
N − Nm
( ) dan D −
{
LD
min}
N+1 +1
D
Ket :
N = Jumlah plate pada reflux ratio L/D
Nm = Jumlah plate minimum pada total
reflux (L/D) min = Reflux minimum
{L−L min} 2,0928−1,7440
DD
L
+1 = 1,7440+1
D
= 0,1271
Dari fig. 5.18 Van Winkle, hal 243
N−Nm = 0,52
N+1
5
N = 11,36 plate teoritis
M (X HK)F B (X LK)B
Log = 0,206 Log ( ) . x(
P XLK
) ( )F ( )
D X HK
0,099 15,3562 0,0011
= 0,206 Log 0,010 . 1,687 x 0,0100
= 0,2052
m
= 1,6040
p
m + p = 11,36
1,6040 P + P = 11,36
P = 4,36
m = 7,0
5
Jadi umpan masuk pada plate ke-7 dari atas dan plate ke-4 dari bawah
e. Menentukan diameter tower
Puncak kolom
Neraca massa dan neraca panas puncak kolom
Komponen M, Kg Kgmol Fraksi mol BM
C2H4Cl2 818,5901 8,2720 0,9900 99
H2O 1,5034 0,0835 0,0100 18
TOTAL 820,0935 8,3555 1,0000
Ket :
V = Volume spesifik pada kondisi standar 359
ft3/lbm T1 = 492°R
P1 = 1 atm (14,7 psi)
P2 = tekanan operasi uap standar = 1,2 atm = 17,64
psi T2 = suhu uap keluar puncak kolom = 85°C= 645°R
Maka :
98,19 lb/lbmol492°R
ρv = ( ) x x 17,64 psi
359 ft3/lbmol 645°R 14,7 psi
= 0,2504 lb/ft3
Komposisi liquid aliran masuk reflux pada puncuk kolom
Komposisi M (kg) Kgmol Xi, fraksi
C2H4Cl2 152,4858 1,5403 0,9900
H2O 0,2800 0,0156 0,0100
TOTAL 152,7658 1,5558 1,0000
ρ campuran = ∑ (xi . ρi)
= 31,0682 kg/m3
Dicoba digunakan tray spacing ts = 24 in untuk nilai diameter tower berkisar D =
6-10 ft (table 1 Peters, hal 684). Dari fig.16-6 Peters, hal 657 untuk ts = 24 didapatkan
Kv = 0,3
5
Kecepatan superficial
1/2
uap meninggalkan puncak kolom
ρL−ρ uap
Vm = Kv { } (pers. 1 Peters, hal 656)
𝜌 uap
{(31,0682 − 0,2504) }
=1/2
0,2504
= 3,3282
Kecepatan uap meninggalkan kolom puncak (V) berkisar 65-80% C=Vm (Peters,
hal 650)
Diambil V = 0,75 . 1 . Vm
= 0,75 . 1 . 3,3282
= 2,4962
Luas aliran uap keluar (A)
Q uap
A=
V
Ket :
V = Kecepatan uap keluar, ft/sec
Q uap = Kecepatan volumetric gas, ft3/sec
Total kgmol/j T1 P2
Q uap = x 359 ft3/lbmol x x
0,453 kgmol/lbmol T2 P1
1,6873 kgmol/j 492 17,64 psi
= x 359 ft3/lbmol x x
0,453 kgmol/lbmol 645 14,7 psi
= 1.2239,8200 ft3/jam
= 34,0 ft3/sec
34,0 ft3/sec
A=
2,4962 ft/sec
= 13,6207 ft2
4 A 1/2
Jadi , diambil diameter kolom D = ( )
𝜋
4 13,6207 ft2
1/2
=(
3,14 )
= 4,165 ft
5
Diameter kolom bagian atas = 4,165 ft.
Komposisi liquid keluar dasar kolom
Komponen M , kg Kgmol Fraksi Berat Fraksi Mol
C2H4Cl2 8,2686 0,0835 0,0007 0,0011
H2O 13,6823 0,7601 0,0011 0,0100
C2Cl4 12.478,0491 75,1690 0,9982 0,9889
TOTAL 12.500,0000 76,0126 1,0000 1,0000
ρ campuran = ∑ (xi . ρi)
= 43,3285 lb/ft3
Komposisi uap masuk pada kolom
Komponen Kgmol X BM
C2H4Cl2 10,0394 0,0990 99
H2O 1,0241 0,0101 18
C2Cl4 90,3546 0,8909 166
TOTAL 101,4181 1,0000
157,887
= 359
492
x 718,8 x
17,64 psi
14,7 psi
= 0,3612 lb/ft3
= 3,2720 ft/detik
V = 0,75 x 3,2720
= 2,454 ft/detik
Total kgmol/j T1
Q uap = x 359 ft3/lbmol x P2
0,453
T2 x P1
kgmol/lbmol
5
17,0434 kgmol/j 359ft3 492 17,64 psi
= 0,453 kgmol/lbmol x lbmol x 718,8 x 14,7 psi
= 1.1059,8858 ft3/jam
= 307,22 ft3/detik
QV
Maka A =
V
307,22 ft3/detik
= 2,454 ft/detik
= 125,1915 ft2
1/2
Diameter kolom, DB = ( 4A
)
𝜋
4 1,25,1915 1/2
=( )
3,14
= 12,6285 ft
D Top
( D Bottom )
Sehingga diameter optimum =
2
4,165
= 12,6285
2
= 8,3968 ft
= 100,761 in
Dasar kolom
Neraca massa sekitar kolom
bawah L = V + B
Dari pers. 5.81 Van Winkle , hal 221
L = K LK
V
L = V . K LK V = L-B
= (L − B) x K LK
Dari perhitungan neraca massa dan neraca panas diketahui
: Produk bottom (B) = 76,0126 kg/mol
5
K LK = 1,7038
Maka L = (L . B) . K LK
= L . K LK – B K LK
B .K LK
=
K LK−1
76,0126 .1,7038
= 1,7038−1
= 184,0158 kgmol
f. Menentukan tinggi menara
Tinggi plate = (N Aktual – 1) x tray spacing , ts
= (16-1) 24
= 360 in
= 30 ft
Diambil ruang kosong diatas dan dibawah menara masing-masing 2 ft, jadi tinggi
menara, z = tinggi plate + 2 (2)
= 30 + 4
= 34 ft
g. Tebal shell, ts
PxD
ts = +
2 (F. E − 0,6 P)
C
= 0,3557 in
h. Tebal tutup,
th
Dirancang dengan tutup tipe Hemisperical
PXd
th = 2 (F.E−0,6 P)
38,808 x 100,761
5
th =
2 (10.000 x 0,85) − (0,6 − 38,808)
5
= 0,2304 in
11.057,8112
= 52.559,0175
= 0,2104
41.501,2063
Fraksi berat H2O
52.559,0175
=
= 0,7896
Densitas liquid keluar, ρL = (x HCl . ρ HCl )+ (x H2O . ρ H2O)
= (0,2104. 1.258,1730) + (0,7896. 992,25)
= 1.048,1971 kg/m3
= 65,4387 lb/ft3
a. Menentukan diameter menara
L` ρG 0,5
= ( )
G` ρL
Ket :
L` = Rate liquid keluar absorber
= 52.559,0175 kg/j
= 115.892,6336 lb/j
G` = rate gas masuk absorber
= 3.218,8264 kg/j
= 7.097,5123 lb/j
Maka :
52.559,0175 = 0,0225
= 115.892,6336 0,1612
x (65,4387
6
0,5
)
6
Untuk basis = 0,0612 pada keadaan floading, dari gif. 22.4 hal 167 Mc
Cabe 11 , didapatkan :
(G2 . FP . μ0,1)
G L = 0,07
{gc x (ρL − ρG)ρG}
Ket :
GG = Kecepatan massa gas, lb/ft2 detik
FD = Faktor isian, ft-2
µL = viskositas liquid, cp
gc = faktor konversi satuan = 32,174 lbf.ft/;bm.s2
Kolom dirancang dengan menggunakan packing jenis keramik, cincin racing 1
inch. Dari table 22-7 hal.165 Mc. Cabe didapat Fp = 155, maka kecepatan massa gas
pada kondisi floading adalah :
0,5
G = [{0,07 gc (ρL − ρG )ρG}]
G (FP . μ0,1)
L
{0,07 . 32,2 (8,8578−0,1612)0,1612} 0,5
=[ ]
(155 . 0,6560,1)
= 0,2016 lb/ft2dtk
= 725,76 lb/ft2jam
G = ( 52.559,0175 ) x 725,76 lb/ft2jam
L
115.892,6336
= 329,1429 lb/ft2jam
Dik. Laju alir massa gas masuk = 7.097,5123
lb/j
= 1,9715 lb/detik
Maka luas penampang menara
(A) :
1,9715 lb/detik
A=
0,2016 lb/ft2detik
= 9,7794 ft2
4 . A 1/2
D=( 𝜋 )
1/2
= (4 X 3,14
9,7794
6
)
6
= 6,2289 ft
= 1,8985 m
= 74,7472 in
Menentukan tinggi kolom packing
:
Perhitungan difusuvutas gas HCl di dalam gas dengan persamaan 21-25 MC.
Cabe II , Hal 137.
1
0,5
0,01498 T + 1 )
1,81
Dv = (
MA MB
P ( T CA. T CB)0,1405[(V CA)0,4 + (V CB)0,4]2
Ket
:
BM
V
HClCB =
𝜌 HCl
36,5 gr/grmol
=
1,6394 gr/cm3
= 22,2642 cm3/gr
BM Cl2
V CA =
𝜌 Cl2
71 gr/gmol
= 3,2204 gr/cm3
= 22,0469 cm3/gr
Maka
: 1,81 1 0,5
1
0,01498 (313) (
+ )
Dv = 36,5 71
1,5 ( 144 . 51,6)0,1405[(22,047)0,4 + (22,2642)0,4]2
= 0,4008 cm2/detik
Angka Schmidt untuk gas :
N se = 𝜇 Dv
𝜌G
Ket :
µ = viskositas gas campuran = 1,5511.10-5 gr/m.detik
ρ = 1,9916 gr/cm3
2,63 g/cm.detik
N se =
0,0126 g/cm3 X 0,4008 cm2/detik
= 0,052
6
Perbandingan tinggi satuan perpindahan panas atas dasar fase gas (HG) digunakan
persamaan 22-23 MC, Cabe II untuk menaksirkan HC Cl 2, yang didasarkan atas data
dalam gambar 22-15 untuk HCl – H2O.
Pada G𝐺HCl = 500 lb/ft2jam , GGH2O = 1500 lb/ft2jam , HG HCl = 1,4
N Se 1/2 ( 1 G 0,3 1500 0,4
G Cl = H HCl ( ) )( G ) ( )
G 2 G 0,66 P 500 GL
0,052 1/2 F
725,76 0,3 1500
0,4
= 1,4 ( ) ( 1 )( ) ( )
0,66 1,52 500 2671,8640
= 2,295 ft
Perhitungan satuan perpindahan panas atas dasar fase liquid
: Perhitungan difusitas HCl dalam liquid
13,26.10−5
Dv =
(𝜇B)1,14(VA)0,589
Ket :
µB = viskositas air, cp = 0,656
VA = Volume molar zat
terlarut
VA HCl = Mm HCl
𝜌 HCl
36,5 g/mol
= 1,1668 g/cm3
= 31,2821 cm3/mol
Maka, :
13,26.10−5
Dv =
(0,656)1,14(31,2821)0,
589
= 2,822.10-5 cm3/dtk
Angka Schmidt untuk liquid :
μ
N se = x Dv
𝜌G
5,2335.10−3g/cm.dtk
= (1,0483 g/cm3) (2,822.10−5 cm2/dtk)
= 176,9089
Digunakan persamaan 22.30 untuk menaksirkan HL HCl yang didasarkan atas data
dalam 22.14 untuk O2 – H2O pada GG = 1500 dengan HL = 0,9 dan N se = 381.
6
176,9098 1/2 2671,8640 0,3
1 ( )
HL HCl = 0,9 ( 381
( )[ 0,656
]
1500
) 1,52 ( 0,894 )
= 5,265 ft
Sehingga tinggi satuan perpindahan panas menyeluruh atas dasar fase gas,
GG
HOG = HG + (m ) x HL
GL
Dari gambar 22-17 Mc, Cabe II , nilai rata-rata m ialah kira-kira 1,0
132,6123
HOG = 295 + [( ) x 5,262]
17,7169
= 41,7039 ft
Perhitungan jumlah satuan perpindahan atas dasar fase gas (NOG) :
y1
∫ 𝑑𝑦
NOG = 𝑦2
𝑦−𝑦∗
Ket :
y* =0
y1 = fraksi mol gas HCl masuk =
0,8796 y2 = fraksi mol gas HCl keluar
= 0,1161
NOG = 𝑦1
ln ( )
𝑦2
0,8796
= ln (0,1161)
= 2,0147
Sehingga tinggi kolom packing = HOG x NOG
= 41,7039 x 2,0147
= 84,0208 ft
= 25,6095 m
Dirancang tinggi ruang kosong diatas dan dibawah packing masing-masing
diambil 2 ft.
= 88,0208 ft
= 26,8287 m
6
Tebal Shell
:
PxD
ts = + C (Brownell & Young pers. 13 − 1)
2 (F. E − 0,6 P)
P desain = 1,2 x P Operasi
= 1,2 x 1,5 atm
= 1,7 atm
= 24,9832 psi
Bahan kontruksi yang digunakan adalah carbon steel 54-212 Grade A dengan :
f = 16250 psi
E = 0,85
D = 933,6803 ft
Maka :
ts =
26,4528 X 933,6803 + 0,125
2 (16.250 X 0,85)−(0,6 X
26,4528)
= 0,8848 in
Tebal shell = ¼ in
Tebal tutup, td :
=
0,885 X Pd X D
2 (F.E−0,4 X
+ C (B&Y pers. 13 − 12)
Pd)
= 0,7915 in
Tebal dishead = ¼ in
Tinggi dish:
ID 2 0,5
Hd = L − [L2 − ( ) ] (H&R Pers. 4-14)
4
Ket :
L = Crown radius = ID-6
= 40 – 6 = 36
Maka : 4
40
Hd = 36 − [362 − ( )
6
2 0,5
]
6
= 1,4168 in
= 0,1181 ft
Tinggi tutup atas = tinggi tutup bawah = 0,1181 ft
Jadi tinggi tangka keseluruhan = tinggi silinder + tinggi tutup atas + tinggi
tutup bawah
= 88,0208 + 2 (0,1181)
= 88,257 ft
=26,9 m
= 27 m
1
ρ liquid = { xi } x ρ H2O
Σ (sgi)
= 1
0,0620
1,14.10−3 0,9368
{( 1,256 ) + ( 1 ) + ( 1,624 )} x 89,9934
6
= 143,4500 lb⁄ft3
A. Faktor Pemisahan
WL ρv 1/3
= x ( )
Wv ρL
Ket :
WL = Rate aliran liquid
Wv = Rate aliran vapor
ρv = density
vapor ρL = density liquid
8,1571 0,1013 1/3
= x( )
8,7429 143,4500
= 0,0831
7
Wv
Qv =
ρv
8,7429
=
0,1013
= 86,2858 ft3⁄detik
86,2858
Av min =
28,0651
= 3,0745 ft2
E. Tangki Penuh
Av min
(A total) min =
2
3,0745
=
2
= 1,5372 ft2
4 x 1,5372
D min =
3,14
= 1,9583 ft
D = D min + 6
= (1,9583 x 12) + 6
= 29,4993 in
= 2,4583 ft
F. Volume
Liquid
V = QL x t
Ket :
QL = Rate aliran liquid
t = waktu persiapan, t = 2 menit = 120 detik
WL
QL =
ρL
8,1571
=
143,4500
= 0,0569 ft2⁄detik
7
0,0569
V=
120
= 6,8236 𝑓𝑡3
G. Volume tangki
V tangki = 4 x 6,8236 ft3
= 27,2945ft3
Volume tangki
L= π x D2)
(4
= 3,1427,2945
( 4 x 2,4583)
= 5,7537 ft
Check entrainment π 2
reduction
(4 x D ) L a
Fa = >
Csf. vapor Ut
Ket :
Fa = persen area drum sebagai vapor space
∆d = 0,125 H⁄D = 0,1825
∆t
∆d = 0,125 ∆t
∆v = ∆t − ∆d
= ∆t − 0,125 ∆d
=0,875 ∆d
Fa = 0,875
Diameter dalam drum (D) = 2,4583ft = 0,7492 meter
L = Panjang drum = 5,7537 ft = 1,7536 meter
a = vapor space
H⁄D = 0,1825 H = 0,1825 D
= 0,1825 x 2,4583
= 0,4486 ft
a=D−H
= 2,4583 − 0,4486
7
= 2,0096 ft
Ut = dioplet setting velocity
{gi x D2x (ρL − ρv)}
=
18 µv
Ket ∶
Fa = (4.D )L > a
Csf.vapor Ut
3,14 2
( .2,4583 )𝑥 5,7537 2,0096
= 0,875 4 >
0,5971 2,22.10−3
ρv 1/2
(ρL− ρv)
0,0666 Cfs
= 0,1013 1/2
{ }
143,4500−0,1013
= 46,6867
Mencari tebal masing-masing
: Tutup atas = tutup bawah
7
Untuk diameter = 29,4993 in
Re = 30 in
AB = ID − Re
10
= − 30
2
= 13,4996
in BC = ID − Re
= 29,4993 − 30
= 28,2493 in
L tutup = Re − (BC2 − AB2)1/2
= 30 − (28,24932 − 13,49962 )1/2
= 5,1851 in
= 0,4321 ft
30
Volume tutup = 1,05 x Lt 2x (3 x ( ) − 0,1867
12
= 5,2409 ft
L Total = L tutup atas + L Shell + L tutup bawah
= (2 x 0,4321 ) + 5,2409
= 6,1051 ft
Tebal Shell :
Menurut Code ASMF :
P tot x ri
t shell = ( )+c
F x E − 0,6 P
7
Ket
:
t = tebal shell
E = 80%
P tot = working pressure
r = jari-jari dalam bejana =
D/2 F = strees yang diijinkan
e = joint yang
diijinkan c = Faktor
korosi
17,6352 x 0,85
t shell = { + 0,125}
(11.523 x 0,8) − (0,6 x 11.523
= 0,1266 in
D + 50
Check =
120
2,4583 + 50
=
120
= 0,4371
= 0,4371 > 0,1266 in
Tebal tutup :
(Pd x Rc x W)
t={ }+
C (2 ( F. E) − (0,2 Pd))
Ket :
t = tebal tutup
p = working pressure
Rc = crown radius
F = strees yang diijinkan
C = faktor korosi
7
Tinggi liquid diatas bejana = 0,1825 x D
= 0,1825 x 30
= 0,4486 ft
ρL x H
P hidrostatik shell
144
= 143,4500 X 17.6352
=( )
144
= 0,4469 psi
P total = P hidrostatik + P operasi
= 0,4469 + 17,6352
= 18,0821 psi
P desain = 1,1 x P tot
= 1,1 x 18,0821
= 19,8903 psi
7
c. Tc = 1⁄2 (257 + 257) = 257 F tc = 1⁄2 (104 + 86) = 95 F
UD = 75 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
Q
A=
UD. ∆t
650.137,1091
=
(75 x 161,83)
= 53,5644 ft2
Ukuran tube
OD tube = 3⁄4 in
BWG = 18
L =6
a’t = 0,334 in2
a"t = 0,1963 ft2
ID Tube = 0,652 in
AJumlah tube (Nt) = x a"t
L
53,5644
= x 0,1963
6
= 45,4783
Ukuran Shell ∶
OD Shell = 3⁄4 in
Pt = 1 in triangular pitch
L = 6 ft
Parser =4
Nt = 46
ID Shell = 10 Ft
A terkoreksi = Nt x L x a”t
= 46 x 6 x 0,1963
= 54,1788 ft2
7
UD terkoreksi = Q
A X ∆t
650.137,1091
= 54,1788 𝑥 161,8332
= 74,1495 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
Fluida Panas, Shell Side ∶
ID X C𝐹X B
as = 144 Pt C′ = Pt − OD = 1
0,75 = 0,25
ID
−B= = 10 = 2
5 5
10 x 0,25 x 2
as =
144 x 1
= 0,0347 ft2
W
Gs =
as
60.839,7533 lb⁄jam
= 0,0347 ft2
= 1.752.184,8959 lb⁄j.
ft2 Tc = 257 F
μ = 0,0132 cp x 2,42 = 0,0319 lb⁄ft. j
0,95
𝐷𝑐 = 12 = 0,0792
Dc X Gs
Res = μ
0,0792 X 1.752.184,8959
= 0,0319
= 4.342.431,6802
jH = 450
Tc = 257 F
C = 0,46 Btu⁄lb F
K = 0,0135 Btu⁄j. ft2 ℉⁄ft
jH X (K⁄Dc)
ho = (c X μ⁄k)1/3
7
450 x (0,0135⁄0,0792)
=
(0,46 x 0,0319⁄0,0135)1/3
151.212,3346
=
0,0276
= 5.668.986,2473 lb⁄j. Ft2
tc = 95 F
μ = 0,75 cp x 2,42 = 1,815 lb⁄Ft. j
0,0652
D= = 0,0543
12
D X Gt
Ret =
μ
0,0543 x 5.668.986,2473
= 1,8150
= 169.705,1898
jH = 120
tc = 95 F
C = 1,0 Btu⁄lb F
K = 0,3602 Btu⁄j. Ft2 ℉⁄ft
jH X (k/D)
hi = (c X μ⁄k)1/3
120 x (0,3602⁄0,0543)
=
(1 x 1,815⁄0,3602)1/3
7
= 1.364,6966 Btu⁄j. Ft2℉
hi
hio =
ID⁄OD
1.364,6966
=
0,6520/0,75
= 1.186,3762 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
hio X ho
Sehingga Uc =
(hio+ho)
1.186,3762 x 78,8665
=
(1.186,3762 + 78,8665)
Uc−UD
Rd = Uc X UD
73,9505 − 74,1495
=
73,9505 x 74,1495
= 0,0000
Rd hitung < Rd ketentuan sehingga desain HE layak digunakan
8
LMTD = −27 / ln (72/99)
= 119,64 F
Ft = 1,0 digunakan untuk 2 − 4 shell & tube exchanger
∆t = 1,0 x 119,64℉ = 119,64℉
c. Tc = 185℉ tc =
= 18,4706 ft2
Ukuran tube :
OD tube = 3⁄4
in BWG = 18
𝐿 = 6 Ft
a’t = 0,334 in2
a"t = 0,1963 ft2
ID Tube = 0,652 in
AJumlah tube (Nt ) = x a"t
L
18,4706
= x 0,1963
6
= 15,6823
Ukuran Shell ∶
OD Shell = 3⁄4 in
Pt = 15⁄16 in triangular
pitch L = 6 ft
Passes =6
8
Nt = 16
ID Shell = 8 in
A terkoreksi = Nt x L x a”t
= 16 x 6 x 0,1963
= 18,8448 ft2
UD terkoreksi = Q
A X ∆t
53.035,7603
= 18,8448 X 119,64
= 23,5234 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
Fluida Panas, Shell Side ∶
as = ID X C𝐹X B
144 Pt
C′ = Pt − OD = 0,9375 = 0,652
ID
B= = 8 = 1,6
5 5
8 x 0,2855 x
1,6
as =
144 x 0,9375
= 0,0271 ft2
W
Gs =
as
1.808,3061 lb⁄jam
= 0,0271 ft2
= 66.802,0260 lb⁄j.
ft2 Tc = 185 F
μ = 0,0118 cp x 2,42 = 0,0286 lb⁄ft. j
0,8424
Dc = 12 = 0,0702
Dc X Gs
Res = μ
0,0702 X 66.802,0260
= 0,0286
= 164.221,2574
8
jH = 420
8
Pada Tc = 185℉
C = 0,455 Btu⁄lb F
K = 0,0132 Btu⁄j. ft2 ℉⁄ft
jH X (K⁄Dc)
ho = (c X μ⁄k)1/3
420 x (0,0132⁄0,0702)
=
(0,455 x 0,0286⁄0,0132)1/3
Nt x a′t
at =
144 n
16 x 0,3340
=
144 x 6
= 0,0062 ft2
W
Gt =
at
1.969.706,4497
=
0,0062
= 318.455.533,7862 lb⁄j.
Ft2 tc = 99,5 F
μ = 0,75 cp x 2,42 = 1,815 lb⁄Ft. j
0,0652
D= = 0,0543
12
D X Gt
Ret = μ
0,0543 x 318.455.533,7862
=
1,8150
= 9.533.195,9609
jH = 88
tc = 95℉
8
C = 1,0 Btu⁄lb℉
K = 0,3623 Btu⁄j. Ft2 ℉⁄ft
jH X (k/D)
hi = (c X μ⁄k)1/3
88 x (0,3623⁄0,0543)
=
(1 x 1,815⁄0,3623)1/3
979,8773
=
0,6520/0,75
= 851,84 Btu⁄j. ft2℉
hio X ho
Sehingga Uc =
(hio+ho)
851,84 x 25,9119
=
(851,84 + 25,9119)
Uc−UD
Rd = Uc X UD
25,1470 − 24
=
25,1470 x 24
= 0,0019
Rd hitung < Rd ketentuan sehingga desain HE layak digunakan