Factor lingkungan, genetic, imunologi, infeksi, obat-obatan Obesitas, umur, genetic, stress, aktifitas ↓
Reaksi autoimun ↑
Insensivitas reseptor insulin ↓
Kerusakan sel beta + & Produksi insulin ↓
(Black, 2014; Nicoll, 2012; Gulanick, 2017; Hinkle, 2014; Ignatavicius, 2016; Lewis, 2014;
Ozougwu, 2013; Smeltzer, 2013)