HIPERTENSI The silent killer Prevalensi di Indonesia : menempati urutan ke 2 setelah infeksi pertama untuk komplikasi penyakit jantung
Px hipertensi
95 % tidak diketahui penyebabnya : - Genetik - Stres 5 10 % diketahui penyebabnya : Diabetes Mellitus Kanker Diet kalsium >>,keju Pil KB Obesitas
HIPERTENSI (HT)
Optimal Normal High-normal Grade 1 hypertension (mild) borderline subgroup Grade 2 hypertension (moderate) Grade 3 hypertension (severe) ISH Borderline subgroup
< 120 < 130 130-139 140-159 140-149 160-179 > 180 > 140 140-149
< 80 < 85 85-89 90-99 90-94 100-109 > 110 < 90 < 90
KLASIFIKASI TD JNC VII(The Joint National Committee on Detection,Elavuation,and treatment of high blood pressure)
BP
Classification Normal Prehypertension Stage 1hypertension Stage 2 hypertension
SBP
mmHg <120 120-139 140-159 > 160
DBP
mmHg and or or or <80 80-89 90-99 >100
TD Optimal or normal (<130/85 mmHg) : - Px muda-dewasa - Px DM TD tinggi normal pada lansia TD agresif nefropati,GGK khususnya dg proteinuria : - <1 g/d 130/80 mmHg - <1g/d 125/75 mmHg
FAKTOR PREDISPOSISI
Hipertensi : - Usia >60 th - DM, Obesitas Hiperlipidemia - Intake Alkohol - Gaya Hidup - Diet Kolesterol Tinggi - Perokok - Riwayat Penyakit Jantung - Laki2&wanita post menopouse
Hypertension - Penyakit jantung - Hypertensive Enchepalophati - Stroke - Preeclampsia/eclampsia - Chronic Kidney Failure - Blindness(kebutaan) - Gangrene of the Lower Extremities (gangrene pada extremitas bawah misal kaki)
Resiko kardiovaskuler Penyakit lain : DM,Gagal Ginjal Kronis Target kerusakan Organ Interaksi dg obat lain Tolerability of the drug Biaya
BLOOD PRESSURE
Peripheral Resistance x Cardiac Output
Sodium&fluid retention
Aldosterone Angiotensin II Muscle contraction
Ca Channel Blocker
Renin Kidney
Angiotensin I Angiotensinogen
OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI
Klas Obat Diuretics -blocker CCB -blocker ACE-inhibitors Obat Dosisi Awal Dosis Pemeliharaan 12.5-25 mg o.d 50-100 mg o.d 5-10 mg o.d 1-8 mg o.d 5-20 mg o.d 50-100 mg o.d Hydrochlorthiazid 12.5 mg o.d Atenolol Amlodipin Doxazosin Lisinopril 25-50 mg o.d 2.5-5 mg o.d 1 mg o.d 2.5-5 mg o.d 25-50 mg o.d
Klas Obat Diuretics -blockers ACE inhibitors All antagonis CCBs -blockers
Total Cholesterol
LDL cholesterol
HDL cholesterol
Serum triglycerides
Glucose tolerance
Insulin sensitivity
Pengendalian TD lebih baik Insiden efek samping obat lebih rendah Meminimalisir efek samping kepatuhan Modifikasi faktor resiko Biaya terapi lebih rendah
Fixed dose combination as recommended by JNC-VI (1997) guidelines and 1999 WHO-ISH guidelines
Calcium channel blocker and -blocker (e.g Amlodipine and Atenolol) Calcium channel blocker and ACE Inhibitor (e.g. Amlodipin and lisinopril) ACE-inhibitor and Diuretic (e.g. Lisinopril and Hydrochlorthiazide) -blocker and Diuretic (e.g. Atenolol and Hydrochlorthiazide)
Kehamilan
-blockers,ACE inhibitors,CCB
ACE inhibitors,-blockers
KONSELING/EDUKASI
BB bila overweight Batasi asupan alkohol aktivitas fisik asupan garam Stop rokok Batasi makanan yang mengandung lemak & kolesterol