ENERGI

JANTUNG
Betty Prastuti, S.Gz, M.Sc

Energy (ATP) for
myocard
SUMBER ENERGI JANTUNG
35%
Glikolisis (aerob& anaerob)
Glukoneogenesis (Piruvat, laktat)
KH
Oksidasi asam lemak
Sumber energi terpenting bagi jantung
Lipid
Dibentuk dari ATP
Meningkatkan hantaran O2
adenosin

The multiple sources of ATP in heart muscle
The multiple sources
of ATP in heart muscle
SEVERAL MECHANISMS REPLENISH
STORES OF ATP IN HEART MUSCLE
The ATP required as the constant energy source for the
contraction-relaxation cycle of muscle can be generated :

1. By glycolysis, using blood glucose
2. By Creatine phosphate hydrolysis ,
3. from two molecules of ADP in a reaction catalyzed by
adenylyl kinase
4. By Oxidative phosphorylation
5. By Oxydation of ketone bodies
GLIKOLISIS

sel
membran
dalam
Membran
luar
mitokondrion
glikolisis
Daur
Krebs
membrane
luar
membran
dalam
Rangkaian
transpor
elektron
kompartemen
dalam
H
2
O
O
2
H
+

e
-

kompartemen
luar
Ringkasan Glikolisis pd keadaan anaerobik
ATP yang dihasilkan :
2ATP per 1 glukosa
Tahap-tahap
glikolisis
Tahap 1 terutama dgn reaksi fosforilasi
Tahap 2 pemecahan 1 heksosa menjadi 2 triosa
Tahap 3 berupa produksi ATP.
Pada keadaan aerobik,Juga dihasilkan :
1. Piruvat, yang kelak dioksidasi dalam mitokhondria
menghasilkan asetil-koA, NADH dan CO
2
2. NADH, yg kelak akan menghasilkan energi juga bila
diproses melalui Oksidasi Fosforilasi
Pada keadaan anaerobik,Juga dihasilkan asm laktat
Katabolisme glukosa pd keadaan aerobik
Glukosa-6P
Piruvat
O2
H
2
O

2CO
2
Siklus KREBs
Oksidasi Fosforilasi
2H 2H
Asetil-koA
Oksaloasetat
Ko-A
Glukosa
CO
2
NADH
ATP
ADP
2ATP
NAD+
ATP
NAD+ NADH
koA

Komplit sampai terbentuk CO
2
. Jalur-jalur metabolismenya :
Glikolisis, Oksidasi piruvat, Siklus Krebs dan Oksidasi Fosforilasi
ATP yang dihasilkan :
38ATP per 1 glukosa
Tissue specific of glucose catabolism
Brain : aerobic (complete to CO
2
)
Liver : aerobic (complete to CO
2
) ;
anaerobic (to lactate) ; divert to fat ;
deliver glucose to blood
Adipose : divert to fat ;
Muscles : aerobic (complete to CO
2
) ;
anaerobic (to lactate)
Erythrocytes : anaerobic (to lactate)
KREATININ PHOSPAT
Kreatin fosfat adalah simpanan energi pertama yang digunakan
pada awalaktivitas kontraktil.
Seperti ATP, kratin fosfat mengandung sebuah gugusfosfat
berenergi tinggi, yang dapat diberikan secara langsung ke ADP
untuk membentuk ATP.
Seperti terjadinya pelepasan energi sewaktu ikatan fosfatterminal di
ATP diputuskan, energi juga dibebaskan ketika ikatan fosfat
dankreatin diputuskan.
Energi yang dibebaskan dari hidrolisis kreatin fosfat, bersama
dengan fosfatnya, dapat diberikan secara langsung ke ADP
untuk membentuk ATP.
Reaksi ini, yang dikatalisis oleh enzim sel otot kreatinkinase bersifat
reversibel; energi dan fosfat dari ATP dapat dipindahkan kekreatin
untuk membentuk kreatin fosfat (Sherwood, 2001).
Creatine Phosphate
Creatine phosphate prevents the rapid depletion of ATP
by providing a readily available high-energy phosphate
that can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP.

Creatine phosphate is formed from ATP and creatine at
times when the muscle is relaxed and demands for ATP
are not so great.

The enzyme catalyzing the phosphorylation of creatine
is creatine kinase (CK), a muscle-specific enzyme with
clinical utility in the detection of acute or chronic
diseases of muscle.
Creatine Phosphate Constitutes a Major Energy Reserve in Muscle
The creatine phosphate
shuttle of
heart and skeletal muscle
The shuttle allows rapid transport of high-
energy phosphate from the mitochondrial
matrix into the cytosol.

1. CKa, creatine kinase concerned with large
requirements for ATP, eg, muscular
contraction;

2. CKc, creatine kinase for maintaining
equilibrium between creatine and creatine
phosphate and ATP/ADP;

3. CKg, creatine kinase coupling glycolysis to
creatine phosphate synthesis;

4. CKm, mitochondrial creatine kinase
mediating creatine phosphate production from
ATP formed in oxidative phosphorylation;

P, pore protein in outer mitochondrial
membrane.
Adenylyl Kinase (Myokinase)

Adenylyl Kinase (Myokinase)
1. High-energy phosphate in ADP to be used in the
synthesis of ATP.
2. AMP, formed as a consequence of several activating
reactions involving ATP, to be recovered by
rephosphorylation to ADP.
3. AMP to increase in concentration when ATP becomes
depleted and act as a metabolic (allosteric) signal to
increase the rate of catabolic reactions, which in turn
lead to the generation of more ATP (Chapter 20).
Katabolisme glukosa pd
keadaan aerobik
Glukosa-6P
Piruvat
O2
H
2
O

2CO
2
Siklus KREBs
Oksidasi Fosforilasi
2H 2H
Asetil-koA
Oksaloasetat
Ko-A
Glukosa
CO
2
NADH
ATP
ADP
2ATP
NAD+
ATP
Glikolisis, Oksidasi piruvat, Siklus Krebs
dan Oksidasi Fosforilasi
NAD+ NADH
koA

Tissue specific of glucose catabolism
Brain : aerobic (complete to CO
2
)
Liver : aerobic (complete to CO
2
) ;
anaerobic (to lactate) ; divert to fat ;
deliver glucose to blood
Adipose : divert to fat ;
Muscles : aerobic (complete to CO
2
) ;
anaerobic (to lactate)
Erythrocytes : anaerobic (to lactate)
Penampungan hidrogen oleh Oksidasi fosforilasi
ADP
ATP
Katabolisme asam lemak
1. Oksidasi asam lemak,
2. Siklus Krebs
3. Oksidasi Fosforilasi
Hanya pd keadaan aerobik
Fatty acid metabolism
Overview of amino acid metabolism
O
2
H
2
O
ADP ATP
Respiratory chain
Catabolism of
dietary
carbohydrate,
protein, and fat
Outline of the pathways for the
catabolism of dietary carbohydrate,
protein, and fat.

All the pathways lead to the production
of acetyl-CoA, which is oxidized in the
citric acid cycle, ultimately yielding ATP in
the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
Ketogenesis and Ketolysis
Ketone Body Formation in Liver
Ketone Body Oxidation in brain, muscle, kidney and intestine
Interrelationships of the ketone bodies
D()-3-hydroxybutyrate
dehydrogenase is a
mitochondrial
enzyme.
Formation, utilization, and excretion of ketone bodies
H
O
2
H
2
O

ADP
ATP
Production and utilization of ketone bodies
Transport of ketone bodies from the liver and pathways of utilization and oxidation in
extrahepatic tissues
Protein and amino acids via Citric Acid Cycle and
Oxidative Phosphorylation