DINAMIKA

PARTIKEL

DINAMIKA
Mempelajari pengaruh lingkungan terhadap
keadaan gerak suatu sistem

Bagian pertama: (Hk. Gaya)

Menetapkan spesifikasi pengaruh lingkungan
(gaya) pada sistem
Bagian kedua: (Hk. Gerak)
Menentukan bagaimana gaya
mempengaruhi gerak sistem

HUKUM GAYA
Gaya (F)adalah besaran vektor (Newton
= N)
Hukum gaya mempunyai bentuk yang
khas bagi sebuah sistem dan
lingkungannya
Sistem berbeda dan/atau lingkungan
berbeda mempunyai hukum gaya yang
berbeda

Benda di dekat
permukaan bumi
h

m
Fg

Fg G

M
RE

ME m
RE2

HUKUM GERAK
Hukum gerak dikenal dengan nama Hk.
Dinamika Newton terdiri atas:

Hukum I Newton
Hukum II Newton
Hukum III Newton

Hukum I Newton
Setiap benda akan tetap berada dalam keadaan diam atau
bergerak lurus beraturan kecuali jika ia dipaksa untuk
mengubah keadaan itu oleh gaya-gaya yang berpengaruh
padanya

Inersia = Sifat alami benda untuk menahan perubahan gerak

F 0

Hukum II Newton
Resultan gaya-gaya yang bekerja pada suatu benda sama
dengan laju perubahan kuantitas gerak . Kuantitas gerak yang
dimaksud adalah momentum linier (p=mv)

dp d
dv
(mv) m
ma
F
dt dt
dt

Resultan Gaya

Hukum III Newton

Setiap benda yang diberi aksi akan memberikan
reaksi untuk melawan aksi tersebut. Sehingga
gaya aksi berlawanan arah dengan gaya reaksi

Faksi Freaksi

Example: Pushing a Box on

Ice.
A skater is pushing a heavy box (mass m = 100 kg)
across a sheet of ice (horizontal & frictionless). He
applies a force of 50 N in the i direction. If the box
starts at rest, what is its speed v after being pushed a
distance d = 10 m?
v=0
F
m

a
i

Solution :
Start with F = ma.
a = F / m.
Recall that v2 - v02 = 2a(x - x0 )
2 Fd
v

So v2 = 2Fd / m
m
v
F
m

a
i

Force and acceleration

A force F acting on a mass m1 results in an acceleration a1.
The same force acting on a different mass m2 results in an acceleration a2 = 2a1.

m1

a1

m2

a2 = 2a1

If m1 and m2 are glued together and the same force F acts

on this combination, what is the resulting acceleration?

F
(a)

2/3 a1

m1

m2

(b) 3/2 a1

a=?
(c)

3/4 a1

Force and acceleration

F

m1

m2

a = F / (m1+ m2)

Since a2 = 2 a1 for the same applied force, m2 = (1/2)m1 !

m1+ m2 = 3m1 /2

but F/m = a

So a = (2/3)F / m1

(a)

2/3 a1

a = 2/3 a1

(b) 3/2 a1

(c)

3/4 a1

Newtons 3rd Law

Two blocks are stacked on the ground. How many action-reaction pairs of
forces are present in this system?

(a) 2

a
b

(b) 3
(c) 4

Solution:
Fa,E

a
b

a
b

Fb,E

Fb,a
Fa,b

Fb,g
Fg,b

FE,a

FE,b
(c) 4

Gravity:
What is the force of gravity exerted by the earth on a
typical physics student?
Typical student mass m = 55kg
g = 9.81 m/s2.

FS,E = Fg = mg
FE,S = -m
- g

 Fg = mg = (55 kg)x(9.81 m/s2 )

Fg = 540 N = WEIGHT

FS,E = Fg = mg
FE,S = -m
- g

Mass vs. Weight

An astronaut on Earth kicks a bowling ball and hurts his foot. A year later, the same astronaut kicks
a bowling ball on the moon with the same force.
His foot hurts...

Ouch!

(a)

more

(b)

less

(c)

the same

Solution
The masses of both the bowling
ball and the astronaut remain the
same, so his foot will feel the
same resistance and hurt the
same as before.

Ouch!

Solution
However the weights of the bowling ball and the
astronaut are less:

Wit =
mgbe
< gEarthto pick
Thus
Moon
Moon
would
easier forgthe
astronaut
up the bowling ball on the Moon than on the
Earth.

Wow!
Thats light.