Leptospirosis
DIBAWAKAN DALAM RANGKA
TUGAS KEPANITERAAN KLINIK
DEPERTEMAN PATOLOGI KLINIK
UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Residen pembimbing:
dr. Putri Hidayasyah P. L.
Supervisor pembimbing :
dr. Irda Handayani, M.Kes, Sp.PK
Kelompok B
• Iin Fadhilah Utami T. C 014 17 2226
• Indah Kusuma Wardani C 014 17 2013
• Adnan Maulana Mansjur C 111 12 265
• Nurul Hasanah C 111 14 033
DEFINISI
Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis
yang disebabkan oleh patogen genus
Leptospira, dapat menyerang manusia maupun
hewan.
Nama lain :
Weil’s Disease
Mud Fever
Canicola fever
Haemorragic Jaundice
Swineherd’s Disease
Watt G. Leptospirosis. In: Magill AJ, Hill DR, Solomon T, Ryan ET, editors. Hunter’s tropical medicine and emerging infectious
diseases. 9th ed. London: Saunders Elsevier; 2013. p. 597-601.
ETIOLOGI
Spesis patogenik :
–Genus Leptospira
–Famili Leprospiraceae
–Ordo Spirochaetales
• Berbentuk spiral halus,
ujung bengkok, sangat
motil dan bersifat obligate
aerob
• Ukuran
p: 6 – 20 m
l : 0.1 – 0.2 m
Leptospirosis clinical practice guidelines 2010 [Internet]. [cited 2013 Dec 20]. Available from:
http://www.psmid.org.ph/contents/Leptospirosis_GUIDELINES_ (contents).pdf.
PATOGENESIS
Air, tanah, makanan, Melalui selaput mata,
minuman hidung, luka, saluran
pencernaan, dan
pernafasan
Bakteri Leptospira
Hati, paru-paru,
Menyebar melalui aliran darah
Ginjal dan otak
Leptospirosis clinical practice guidelines 2010 [Internet]. [cited 2013 Dec 20]. Available from:
http://www.psmid.org.ph/contents/Leptospirosis_GUIDELINES_ (contents).pdf.
Transmisi penyakit
MANIFESTASI KLINIS
Masa Inkubasi 7 – 12 hari. Leptospirosis mempunyai 2
fase penyakit :
Fase Leptospiraemia
o Sakit Kepala
o Nyeri otot hebat pada paha, betis dan pinggang
disertai nyeri tekan
o Demam tinggi yang disertai menggigil
o Mual, muntah dan diare
o Penurunan kesadaran diri 25%
o Pada keadaan berat, dapat terjadi ikterus
o Injeksio konjungtiva
o Skin rash
Leptospirosis clinical practice guidelines 2010 [Internet]. [cited 2013 Dec 20]. Available from:
http://www.psmid.org.ph/contents/Leptospirosis_GUIDELINES_ (contents).pdf.
Fase Imun
Ditandai dengan peningkatan titer antibodi
Ditemukan pleocytosis pada cairan
Cerebrospinal
Anoreksia mual/muntah, diare
Sefalgia
Mialgia
Perdarahan
Conjunctival suffusion
Leptospirosis clinical practice guidelines 2010 [Internet]. [cited 2013 Dec 20]. Available from:
http://www.psmid.org.ph/contents/Leptospirosis_GUIDELINES_ (contents).pdf.
Anicteric Leptospirosis
• Lebih dari 90% kasus leptospirosis
• Manifestasi yang timbul sama seperti /
mulai dari fase leptospiremia, fase imun,
dan fase konvalesen tetapi tanpa ikterus
Leptospirosis clinical practice guidelines 2010 [Internet]. [cited 2013 Dec 20]. Available from:
http://www.psmid.org.ph/contents/Leptospirosis_GUIDELINES_ (contents).pdf.
Icteric Leptospirosis (Weil’s syndrome)
• Leptospirosis berat
• Manifestasi klinik
o Jaundice
o Azotemia
o Hemoragik
o Anemia
WEIL’S SYNDROME (2)
Gangguan Kesadaran
Demam berkelanjutan
Manifestasi hepar : - Peningkatan enzim hati dan
Hiperbilirubinemia
Manifestasi Ginjal : proteinuria, pyuria,
hematuria, azotemia, Acute tubular
necrosis oliguria, Thrombocytopenia
Leptospirosis clinical practice guidelines 2010 [Internet]. [cited 2013 Dec 20]. Available from:
http://www.psmid.org.ph/contents/Leptospirosis_GUIDELINES_ (contents).pdf.
KRITERIA DIAGNOSIS WHO
Verasahib K. Guidelines for the diagnosis, management, prevention and control of leptospirosis in Malaysia. 1st ed. Malaysia: Disease Control
Division, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2011.
KRITERIA DIAGNOSIS WHO
Verasahib K. Guidelines for the diagnosis, management, prevention and control of leptospirosis in Malaysia. 1st ed. Malaysia: Disease Control
Division, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2011.
KRITERIA DIAGNOSIS WHO
Verasahib K. Guidelines for the diagnosis, management, prevention and control of leptospirosis in Malaysia. 1st ed. Malaysia: Disease Control
Division, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2011.
KRITERIA DIAGNOSIS WHO
Verasahib K. Guidelines for the diagnosis, management, prevention and control of leptospirosis in Malaysia. 1st ed. Malaysia: Disease Control
Division, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2011.
Verasahib K. Guidelines for the diagnosis, management, prevention and control of leptospirosis in Malaysia. 1st ed. Malaysia: Disease Control Division, Department of Public
Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2011.
DIAGNOSIS LABORATORIUM
Verasahib K. Guidelines for the diagnosis, management, prevention and control of leptospirosis in Malaysia. 1st ed. Malaysia: Disease Control
Division, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2011.
DIAGNOSIS LABORATORIUM
Leptospirosis clinical practice guidelines 2010 [Internet]. [cited 2013 Dec 20]. Available from: http://www.psmid.org.ph/contents/Leptospirosis_GUIDELINES_ (contents).pdf.
DIAGNOSIS LABORATORIUM
• Deteksi antibodi terhadap Leptospira :
MAT ELISA Rapid Test
IgM IgM
a b c
d e f
Leptospirosis clinical practice guidelines 2010 [Internet]. [cited 2013 Dec 20]. Available from: http://www.psmid.org.ph/contents/Leptospirosis_GUIDELINES_ (contents).pdf.
Pemeriksaan Leptospira Menggunakan
Mikroskop Lapangan Gelap
• Interpretasi Hasil
– Bentuk Leptospira pada mikroskop lapangan gelap sangat
tipis, menyerupai spiral dan bergerak sangat aktif. Ukuran
panjang bervariasi sekitar 6-20m dan ketebalan sekitar
0,1µm
– Leptospiruria diangap positif bila ditemukan leptospira
yang bergerak minimal satu dalam satu lapangan
penglihatan 10x40.
Leptospirosis clinical practice guidelines 2010 [Internet]. [cited 2013 Dec 20]. Available from: http://www.psmid.org.ph/contents/Leptospirosis_GUIDELINES_ (contents).pdf.
Gambaran Leptospira Pada Mikroskop
Lapangan Gelap
Day NPJ, Edwards CN. Leptospirosis. In: Cohen J, Opal SM, Powderly WG, editors. Infectious diseases. 3rd ed. London: Mosby Elsevier; 2010. p. 1241-2.
Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT)
Day NPJ, Edwards CN. Leptospirosis. In: Cohen J, Opal SM, Powderly WG, editors. Infectious diseases. 3rd ed. London: Mosby Elsevier; 2010. p. 1241-2.
Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT)
Kumar SS. Indian guidelines for the diagnosis and management of human leptospirosis. API Medicine Update 2013;23:23-9.
Prognosis
• Jika tidak ada ikterus, penyakit jarang fatal.
Pada kasus dengan ikterus, angka
kematian 5% pada umur dibawah 30
tahun, dan pada usia lanjut mencapai 30-
40%.
Kumar SS. Indian guidelines for the diagnosis and management of human leptospirosis. API Medicine Update 2013;23:23-9.
Terima Kasih