, SU
dr. Idha Afianti Wira Agni, MSc.
Faktor-faktor yg mempengaruhi
kerja racun
A. Cara pemberian :
Racun gas perinhalasi
Racun padat peroral
Racun cair peroral, injeksi
B. Keadaan tubuh :
-Umur
-Keadaan umum
-Habituation
-Hipersensitifitas
c. Racunnya sendiri :
-Dosis
-Konsentrasi (racun efek lokal)
-Bentuk racun
-Synergisme :
Addisi
Potensiasi
-Antagonisme
Daya kerja racun
1. Lokal / Setempat.
-Iritasi ringan –berat
-Luka Etsa
Contoh :
* Racun korosif
* H2SO4Pekat
2. Umum ( sistemik ).
Diabsorbsi --> Pered. Darah --> target organ
Contoh : -alkohol-Narkotika
3. Kombinasi lokal & sistemik.
Contoh : -Asam Oksalat-Mercury khlorida
Cara kejadian keracunan
1. Sengaja
a. Bunuh diri
Indonesia : racun serangga (insektisida);
LN : -CO, Obat-obatan, Kombinasi
b. Pembunuhan Dgn racun yg tdk BAU, RASA,
WARNA.
2. Tidak sengaja
-Umumnya karena kecelakaan.
-Kurang mengerti akan bahayanya
-Terjadi mulai dari lingkungan :
* Rumah tangga
* Dll.
Intoksikasi
Kecelakaan
Tidak sengaja/tidak tahu
Sengaja bunuh diri, pembunuhan
Dokter
Para medis memahami intoksikasi
Tenaga medis
Intoksikasi
Suatu kondisi dimana seseorang kemasukan
racun dan memperlihatkan gejala keracunan
Alcohols
Cyanide
Arsenic
Case 1
Question 1
One man, Alexander Zhbckov, 28, died at
the Bodrum State Hospital as doctors were
unable to stabilize her condition, after
dringking alcohol. Weight: 70 kg, Alcohol
concentration 50g. How much blood
alcohol level?
Alcohols
Ethanol is beverage alcohol
Metanol and isopropanol are also available in the
environment or workplace and may contribute to
human injury
Ninety minutes after ethanol ingestion is the
approximate time to the achievement of peak blood
levels
Cp (blood concentration) = D(g)/(Vd(L/kg)xW(kg))
D: dose; Vd: Volume of distribution (0,7 in man and 0,6
in women); W: body weight in killograms
Toxicology of Alcohol
Alcohol is absorbed through the stomach and
intestine
Once absorbed, alcohol is:
Oxidized- in liver by alcohol dehydrogenase
Excreted- by breath, perspiration, and kidneys—turned
into carbon dioxide and water
Assessment of Ethanol Impairment
Blood alcohol concentration:
10-50 mg/dL: Impairment detectable by special tests
30-120 mg/dL: Beginning of sensory-motor impairment
90-250 mg/dL: Sensory-motor incoordination;
impaired balance
180-400 mg/dL: Increased muscular incoordination;
apathy; lethargy
Assessment of Ethanol Impairment
Blood alcohol concentration:
250-400 mg/dL: Impaired consciousness; sleep; stupor
350-500 mg/dL: Complete unconsciousness; coma
450 and greater mg/dL: Death from respiratory arrest
Case 2