Oleh :
Siti Hanggita R.
Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Perikanan
Universitas Sriwijaya
Definition: The Packaging refers to all those
activities related to designing, evaluating and
producing the container for a product. Simply,
the box-like container, wherein the product is
stored to protect it from any physical damage
and at the same time attracting the customer
through its appeal is called as packaging.
Unsur Perusak
• Alam
• Mikroba
• Binatang
• Gaya mekanis
Kemasan
Bahan/produk
Fasilitas Bahan Baku
Pengolahan
Pengendalian
Proses
Mutu
Produk
Fungsi Kemasan
Ekonomis
• tidak toksik
1. Frekuensi pemakaian
a. Kemasan sekali pakai (disposable), yaitu
kemasan yang langsung dibuang setelah satu
kali pakai. Contohnya bungkus plastik untuk
es, bungkus permen dan kertas, bungkus yang
berasal dari daun-daunan, kaleng hermetis,
karton dus.
b. Kemasan yang dapat dipakai berulang kali
(multi trip), seperti beberapa jenis botol
minuman (limun, bir, minuman ringan), botol
kecap. Wadah-wadah ini umumnya tidak
dibuang oleh konsumen, akan tetapi
dikembalikan lagi pada agen penjual untuk
kemudian dimanfaatkan ulang oleh pabrik.
C. Kemasan atau wadah yang tidak dibuang atau
dikembalikan oleh konsumen (semi disposable).
Wadah-wadah tersebut biasanya digunakan untuk
kepentingan lain di rumah konsumen, setelah
dipakai, seperti beberapa jenis botol, wadah dan
kaleng (susu, makanan bayi)
2. Struktur sistim kemas
Berdasarkan letak atau kedudukan suatu bahan
kemas di dalam sistim kemasan keseluruhan
dapat dibedakan atas :
a.Kemasan primer, yaitu apabila bahan kemas
langsung mewadahi atau membungkus bahan
pangan (kaleng susu, botol minuman, bungkus
tempe).
b. Kemasan sekunder, yaitu kemasan yang fungsi
utamanya melindungi kelompok-kelompok
kemasan lainnya, seperti halnya kotak karton
untuk wadah susu dalam kaleng, kotak kayu untuk
wadah buah-buahan yang sudah dibungkus,
keranjang tempe dan sebagainya.
c. Kemasan tersier, kuaterner, yaitu apabila masih
diperlukan lagi pengemasan setelah kemasan
primer, sekunder, dan tersier (untuk kemasan
kuaterner). Umumnya digunakan sebagai
pelindung selama pengangkutan.
3. Sifat kekakuan bahan kemas :
• Produk Breaded
Thermoformed containers polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high impact
polystyrene (HIPS) and HDPE are unaffected by the low
temperature of frozen storage and provide protection to the
contents against desiccation and oxidation during prolonged
storage
• Frozen products
duplex board cartons lined with low density polyethylene
(LDPE), IQF shrimp is packed into plastic film pouches
• Dried fishery products
Baskets improvised with braided coconut or palmirah leaves are
the containers mainly used for packaging this product both for
export and internal distribution. The commonly used packaging
materials for consumer packs of dry fish are LDPE or
polypropylene (PP). A recent development is the use of
polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/LDPE laminate pouches
• Canned fish
Pull-tab polymer-coated tin-free steel cans are presently
manufactured in India and some canneries use them for
both internal and export markets
• Freeze dried products
Paper/ aluminium foil /LDPE laminates or metalised
PET/LDPE laminated pouches are used for freeze dried
products. Thermoformed trays made of HIPS or PVC are
ideal for packing frozen fish curry. Thermally processed
fish curry products are packed in PET/aluminium foil/cast
PP retortable pouches.
• Fish soup powder
PET laminated with LDPE-HDPE co-extruded film or 90-
100 µm LDPE/LLDPE/Nylon/LLDPE/Primacor (where
Primacor = ethylene – acrylic acid co-polymer) multilayer
film which ensures safe storage of the product up to 180
days
• Dry fish pickle
• Chitin/chitosan
HDPE woven gusseted bag laminated with 100 gauge LDPE liner
Standarisasi Produk
Pangan
Protokol
Pengawasan Penjaminan
Mutu
Produk
• The FDA requires clearance for food packaging or processing equipment materials
only if those materials meet the definition of a food additive under the FDCA. If a
material fits within the food additive definition, then it will be automatically
considered unsafe unless it is subject to a food additive regulation or has received
premarket authorization from FDA through submission of a Food Contact
Notification
• The FDCA allows companies to determine for
themselves whether a particular substance used in a
food contact material will become a food additive. If a
manufacturer determines that the substance is not
reasonably expected to migrate to food when the food
contact material is used as intended, then the substance
is not a food additive under the food additive definition.
China
barang dan/atau jasa yang tidak memenuhi atau tidak sesuai dengan
undangan.
ekspor
LABEL MINIMAL MENURUT UU NO.7 THN
1996 TETANG PANGAN PASAL 30 AYAT 2
a. Nama produk ;
• BAG-IN-BOX PACKAGING
Sistem pengemasan kantong dalam kotak
• BOIL-IN-BAG-PACKAGING
Sistem pengemasan yang tahan suhu tinggi