CHAPTER 13

Planning Reports and Proposals

Group 1
Members of Group 1

 Andhika Jupano  Dwi Indriani Aulia

 Bibiana Tawa  Febri Fransiska Hondro
 Cika Nadiya Hana Tsurayya Iren Hertika Chandra
 Clarita Sibuea  Nuraini Pebriani
 Dorsi Yuliani Saeketu  Nurmala Sari
 Reports Categories (*Kategori Laporan-laporan)

Informational
(*Informasi)

Offer data facts, feedback Analytical (*Analitik)

without analysis or
recommendation. Offer information & analysis
and can include
(*Menawarkan data yang faktual, umpan
balik tanpa analisis dan rekomendasi) Proposals (*Proposal) recommendations
(*Menawarkan informasi & analisis dan
Offer structured persuasion dapat memasukkan rekomendasi)
for internal and external
audiences
(*Menawarkan persuasi yang terstruktur
untuk penonton internal dan eksternal)
 The Three-Step Process

Planning Writing Completing

(*Perencanaan) (*Penulisan) (*Penyelesaian)

• Analyze Situation • Adapt to the Audience • Revise (*Merevisi)

(*Menganilisis Situasi) (*Beradaptasi dengan • Produce Message
Penonton)
• Gather Information (*Menghasilkan Pesan)
(*Mengumpulkan Informasi) • Compose the Message • Proofread Message
(*Penulisan Pesan)
• Select Medium (*Memilih (*Mengkoreksi Pesan)
Medium/Media) • Distribute Message
• Get Organized (*Membagikan Pesan)
(*Terorganisir)
 Analyzing the Situation
(*Menganalisis Situasi)

Define Your Purpose

(*Menentukan Tujuanmu)

To Inform (*Untuk Menginformasikan)

To Identify (*Untuk Mengindentifikasi)

To Analyze (*Untuk Menganalisis)

To Persuade/Recommend
(*Untuk Membujuk/Merekomendasikan)
Create Work Plan
(*Membuat Rencana Kerja)

Determine Tasks
(*Menentukan Tugas)

Create Outline (*Membuat

Garis Besar)

Set Schedule (*Mengatur

Jadwal)
Gather the Information
(*Mengumpulkan Informasi)

The amount of information needed in

many reports proposals requires
careful planning – and may even
require a separate research project
just to get the data and information
you need.

(*Jumlah informasi yang dibutuhkan

dalam banyak laporan proposal
memerlukan perencanaan yang cermat -
dan bahkan mungkin memerlukan proyek
penelitian terpisah hanya untuk
mendapatkan data dan informasi yang
Anda butuhkan.)
Select the Medium
(*Pemilihan Medium)

Media Requirements
(*Persyaratan Media)

Media Preferences
(*Preferensi Media)

Feedback Preferences
(*Preferensi Umpan Balik)

Subject Matter (*Subjek)

Organizing the Direct Approach
- State conclusions and recommendations
Information - Introduce findings
- Include Support

Pendekatan Langsung
- Menyatakan kesimpulan dan rekomendasi
- Menemukan Perkenalan
- Include Support

Indirect Approach
- Introduce findings
- Discussion and support
- State condlusions and recommendations

Indirect Approach
- Memperkenalkan Penemuan
- Diskusi dan Dukungan
- Menyatakkan kesimpulan dan
direkomendasikan
Planning Informational Reports
(*Merencanakan Laporan Informasi)

Report for monitor and control (*Laporkan untuk memantau dan mengontrol
informasi)

Report implement and policies procedure (*Laporkan implementasi dan

prosedur kebijakan)

Report demonstrate compliance (*Laporan menunjukkan kepatuhan)

Report documenting progress (*Laporkan mendokumentasikan kemajuan)
Creating Business Plans
• Summary
• Mission and objectives
• Company and industry
Products or
• 47% 21% services 17% 37% 17% 45% 37%
• Market and competition
• Management
• Marketing
Customer strategy Customer
Customer Customer Customer Customer Customer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
• Design and development plans

• Operations plan
• Overall schedule
• Critical risks and problems
• Financial projections
• Financial requirements
• Exit strategy
Organizing Websites

Readers are demanding

Reading online is difficult

The format is non-linear

The medium is multidimensional

Information
Architecture

Site navigation

User control

Information
“chunks”
Planning Analytical Reports

Assess opportunities Solve problems Support decisions

• Market analysis and due • Troubleshooting and failure • Feasibility and justification
diligence analysis
Challenges of Writing Analytical Reports

Investigation
Persuasion
Responsibility
Investigation Persuasion
Responsibility

• What needs to be determined?

• Why is this issue important?
• Who is involved in the situation?
• Where is the trouble located?
• How did the situation originate?
• When did it start?
 Investigation Persuasion
Responsibility

• Focus on conclusions
• Focus on recommendations
• Focus on logical arguments
Challenges of Writing Analytical Reports

Advantages
• Ease of use
• Bottom-line driven

Disadvantages
• Possible resistance
• Oversimplification
 Focus on Recommendations

1. Establish the need for action

2. Introduce the overall benefits
3. 47%List the required
21% 17%
steps 37% 17% 45% 37%

Customer Customer Customer Customer Customer Customer Customer

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

4. Explain each step more fully

5. Summarize the recommendations
Focus on Recommendations

• 2 + 2 = 4 approach
• Yardstick approach
47% 21% 17% 37% 17% 45% 37%

Customer Customer Customer Customer Customer Customer Customer

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

4. Explain each step more fully

5. Summarize the recommendations
Planning
Proposals
Internal
Funding and management support
General projects

External
Investments and grants
Sales
Types of
Proposals
Solicited
Requested (RFP)
Audience initiated

Unsolicited
Not requested
Writer initiated
THANK YOU!

Planning Reports
and Proposals