4
Trichotillomania
5
Trichotillomania
7
Trichotillomania
Gigi bisa menjadi berlekuk karena geser geser rambut berulang di antara
mereka.
8
Trichotillomania
Children:
Occurs about equally for each gender in young
children, then increasingly higher prevalence rate
for girls as they age.
Average age of onset is about 13 years of age.
Children less often report tension and release,
and more often report pulling during sedentary
activities such as watching television, reading,
and lying in bed before falling asleep.
Children are more likely to pull hair from
another person, pets, or dolls. 9
Trichotillomania
Area tubuh di mana menarik Rambut paling
banyak bisa terjadi bersama dengan
persentase terkait:
Scalp 75% Mustache 7%
Bulu mata53% Arm 10%,
Eyebrows 42% Leg 7%
Pubic area 17% Chest 3%
Beard/face 10% Abdomen 2%.
10
Trichotillomania
Sebagian melaporkan bahwa menarik rambut tidak
menyebabkan rasa sakit.
11
Trichotillomania
12
Trichotillomania
14
Trichotillomania
16
Trichotillomania
Rambut menarik cenderung terjadi lebih
sering dalam keluarga, menunjukkan itu
memiliki asal-usul biologis, atau keturunan.
Rambut menarik diduga terjadi karena
disregulasi neurotransmiter, khususnya,
serotonin dan dopamin.
Neuroimaging menunjukkan bahwa jalur
frontal-basil ganglia sangat penting dalam
menarik rambut.
17
Trichotillomania
Hair pulling may have behavioral origins.
Thought to begin via a classical conditioning paradigm and then
subsequently maintained through operant conditioning principles.
It is likely that several of these factors play a role in the emergence and
maintenance of Trichotillomania.
Menarik rambut mungkin memiliki asal perilaku.
Diperkirakan untuk memulai melalui paradigma pengkondisian klasik
dan kemudian dipertahankan melalui prinsip-prinsip pengkondisian
operan.
Sangat mungkin bahwa beberapa faktor ini berperan dalam munculnya
dan pemeliharaan Trichotillomania.
18
Trichotillomania
Puberty is often associated with the age of onset. It’s
thought that neuroendocrine maturational changes may
be related to the development of trichotillomania in
some women.
Premenstrual exacerbation of hair pulling symptoms
has been shown in several studies, suggesting that
hormonal variations, particularly gonadotropin levels
may exacerbate some patient’s symptoms. Occasionally
birth control pills have ameliorated symptoms.
19
Trichotillomania
Certain genes may be associated with increased risk of
hair-pulling.
A study by Duke University Medical Center found
two mutations in genetic marker SLITRK1 in some
family members with Trichotillomania and not in other
family members without Trichotillomania.
This gene is thought to play an important role in the
formation of neuronal connections. Mutations may
disrupt the normal formation of neural connections.
Molecular Psychiatry, October 2006
20
DSM-IV Criteria
22
DSM-IV Criteria
24
Trichotillomania
Comorbidities %
Depression 57
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 27
Simple Phobia 19
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 13
Social Phobia 11
Alcohol Abuse 19
Substance Abuse 16
25
Christenson, 1995
Trichotillomania
Other reported habits or rituals that seem to
occur with greater frequency in those who
engage in hair pulling:
Nail biting
Skin picking
Thumb sucking
Knuckle cracking
Nose picking
26
Treatment
Both external and internal factors affect hair
pulling.
Five modalities are thought to work together to
maintain hair pulling (Mansueto,1999):
1. Cognitive (thoughts and beliefs)
2. Affective (emotional state)
3. Motoric (physical actions)
4. Sensory (sight, touch, etc.)
5. External (environment)
Any or all of these factors may be pulling cues.
27
Terapi
– Medication
• Haldol
• Pimozide
• Clonidine
• Anafranil & Prozac for Trichotillomania
– Behavioral Procedures
• Habit Reversal
terapi perilaku
• Punishment
• Reinforcement
• Relaxation Training
• Function-Based Treatments
• Habit Reversal
Punishment
• Time out
• Trichotillomania
– Topical creams
– Sensory Extinction: e.g., gloves
– Increasing effort: e.g., wrist weights
31
QUESTIONS
32