Mechanical System with Dry

Friction
KELOMPOK 2

Disusun oleh : 1. Alfi Rahmawati 02311940005001

2. Anisa Wahyu Umami 02311940005009
3. Malak Ihwani 02311940005016
4. Luthfiyah Revi S. 02311940005017
5. Neni Elyawati 02311940005022
6. Lely Mahfida 02311940005025
7. Ahmad Ufi Isbar 02311940005033
8. Risky Ade Kurniawan 02311940005034
Gaya
Gesek
Statis &
Gaya
Gesek
Kinetis
 Gaya gesek adalah gaya yang berlawanan
arah dengan arah gerak benda.

 Besarnya gaya ditentukan berdasarkan

kekasaran permukaan kedua bidang yang
bersentuhan. Semakin kasar permukaan
suatu bidang, maka nilai gaya geseknya akan
semakin besar.
  
Rumus Koefisien Gesek Benda yang Diam di Bidang Miring
(Statis)

ΣFY = 0 Karena sin θ/cos θ = tan θ, maka

N – w cos θ = 0 μs = tan θ ………. Pers. (2)

N – mg cos θ = 0
Dengan demikian, rumus koefisien gesek (statis) untuk benda yang
N = mg cos θ ………. Pers. (1)
diam di bidang miring kasar adalah sebagai berikut.
ΣFX = 0
μs = tan θ
w sin θ – fs = 0

mg sin θ – μsN = 0

karena N = mg cos θ, maka

mg sin θ – μs(mg cos θ) = 0

mg sin θ – μsmg cos θ = 0

μsmg cos θ = mg sin θ

  

 
Rumus Koefisien Gesek Benda yang Bergerak di Bidang
Miring (Sliding Friction)
ΣFY = ma Jadi, besarnya koefisien gesek (kinetis) pada benda yang bergerak di
atas bidang miring dapat kita tentukan dengan menggunakan
N – w cos θ = ma persamaan berikut.

N – mg cos θ = ma

Karena tidak ada gerak dalam arah

vertikal, maka a = 0 sehingga
Keterangan:
N – mg cos θ = 0
N = Gaya Normal benda (N)
N = mg cos θ ………. Pers. (3)
w = Gaya berat benda (N)
ΣFX = ma

w sin θ – fk = ma
m = Massa benda (kg)

mg sin θ – μkN = ma θ = Sudut kemiringan

bidang
karena N = mg cos θ, maka
a = Percepatan benda
mg sin θ – μk(mg cos θ) = ma
(m/s2)
mg sin θ – μkmg cos θ = ma
g = Percepatan gravitasi
μkmg cos θ = mg sin θ – ma bumi (m/s2)
atau
Example
Soal Bergerak di Bidang Datar
1. A body of mass m (where m = 10 kg) is pulled by a force F in the
direction shown in Figure. If the coefficient of sliding friction between
the body and the floor is constant at 0.3, find the magnitude of force
F necessary to keep the body at a constant speed.
Pembahasan:
2.
Pembahasan:
Soal Bergerak di Bidang Miring

1. Sebuah benda dengan berat 30 N berada

pada bidang miring. Ternyata, benda tepat
akan meluncur ke bawah. Jika percepatan
gravitasi bumi adalah 10 m/s2, tentukan
koefisien gesek antara benda dengan
bidang miring!
Pembahasan:
Dari soal kita ketahui bahwa benda tepat akan meluncur jadi benda belum bergerak,
sehingga gaya gesek yang bekerja adalah gaya gesek statis. Untuk menentukan
koefisien gesek (statis), kita gunakan rumus seperti yang telah diuraikan pada soal
nomor 1 di atas, yaitu sebagai berikut.
μs = tan θ

μs = tan (30o)

μs = 1/3 √3

Lalu bagaimana jika kita lupa dengan rumus koefisien gesek tersebut? Tenang saja, bagi
kalian yang tidak suka menghafal rumus, masih ada metode manual untuk
menyelesaikan persoalan di atas. Metode manual yang dimaksud adalah dengan
menentukan persamaan gerak benda berdasarkan Hukum Newton. Langkah pertama
adalah menggambar garis-garis gaya yang bekerja pada benda, yaitu sebagai berikut.
 Resultan gaya pada sumbu-Y adalah sebagai berikut.
ΣFY = 0

N – w cos 30o = 0

N = w cos 30o
Karena benda belum bergerak, maka a = 0. Sehingga berlaku Hukum I
Newton pada sumbu-X yaitu sebagai berikut.
ΣFX = 0

w sin 30o – fs = 0

w sin 30o – μsN = 0

μsN = w sin 30o

μsw cos 30o = w sin 30o

μs cos 30o = sin 30o

Jadi, koefisien gesek antara benda dengan bidang miring adalah 1/3 √3.

μs = ½ : ½ √3 μs = 1/3 √3
2.  

Figure. Homogeneous cylinder rolling down

an inclined plane.
Pembahasan:

 
Rolling
and
Sliding
Motion
Rolling and/or sliding immediately involve of friction
between the surface in contact. Without friction, the
cylinder would slide and translational motion of the center
of mass and the rotation motion about the center of mass
are independent of each other.
If the cylinder rolls without sliding, a static friction acts at
all the times; the magtitude ad direction of the static
friction force are such as to ensure X=Rθ
If the cylinder is sliding the friction force is equal F=μkN
Example
1. Homogeneous cylinder on a horizontal surface
F is the direction opposite to P
mẍ = P-F …..(3.15)
For rotational motion on center of mass
JӪ = FR …..(3-16)
Solution
 
Subtituting θ = x/R into Equation 3-16

Or
….(3-17)

Eliminating from equation (3-15) and (3-17)

2F = P - F

Or
F=
2. A homogeneous cylinder moves down an inclined
plane whose angle of inclination is α

F < μkN
 Solution

The  equation of translational motion in the x direction is

m = mgsinα – F ….(3-18)

And the equation of rotational motion is

JӪ = FR ….(3-19)

Where θ = x/R (since the cylinder rolls without sliding), by eliminating F

form equations (3-18) and (3-19) is
m = mgsinα -
   J=
That

= gsinα ….(3-20)
From equations (3-18) and (3-20) we obtain
F = mgsinα - m =
The condition that the cylinder roll down without sliding is F < μkN
Consequently
μsN > μkN = μkmgcosα > F =
Where μsN is the maximum static friction. Thus
μs > μk >
If this condition is satisfied, the cylinder will roll down the inclined plane
without sliding
  
3. For the system shown in Figure1 , let us obtain the force ,
needed at the end of the lever to keep the brake drum from
rotating. Assume that the coefficient of the static friction is
0.4.

Figure1
  
Solution
The torque due to the weight mg is clockwise, and its magnitude is
= mg
= 100 x 9.81x 0.3
= 294.3 Nm
The friction force acting on the brake drum is
F =
= 0.4 x 6
= 2.4
The torque due to the brake force F is counterclockwise and its magnitude
is
=
= 2.4x 0.6
= 1.44Nm
If > , then the brake drum will not rotate, and so 1.44 > 294.3 or > 204.4
N
4. Consider a homogeneus cylinder of mass and radius R initially
at rest on a horizontal surface and suppose that force P is
applied to it (Figure2). Assuming that the cylinder rolls
without sliding, find the magnitude and direction of the
friction force F.

Figure2
  
Solution

Let us assume that F is acting in the direction opposite to P. Applying

Newton’s second law to the system, we obtain for the translational motion
of the center of mass
mẍ = P – F (1)
and for the rotational motion about the center of mass
JӪ = FR (2)
where J, the moment inertia of the cylinder about the axis of rotation
passing through the center of gravity, is equal to and x is equal to RӨ.
(Note that the condition that the cylinder roll without slidings is x = RӨ.)
Substituting Ө = into equation 1 gives
= FR
=F
by eleminating ẍ from equation 1 and 2,
2F = P – F
3F = P
   the magnitude of friction force F is , and the direction of F is to the
Thus
left, as shown in figure2. (Had we chosen the direction of F to be to the
right, F would have been - .) Note that if the external force P is zero, and
we obtain ẍ = 0. That is if the cylinder is originally rolling, it will continue to
roll with constant linier velocity ẋ = (where is the initial velocity) and
constant angular velocity Ө = .