Image Processing
• Computer Dept. ITC, 1993, ILWIS 1.4 User's Manual, International Institute for Aerial Survey
and Earth Science (ITC), Netherlands.
Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, Continuing Education Administration Purdue University, USA.
Lillesand, T.M. and R.W. Kiefer, 1994, Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, third edition,
John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Canada..
Sabins, Floyd F., 1997, Remote Sensing, Principles and Interpretation, third edition, W.H.
Freeman and Co, New York..
Sri Hardiyanti Purwadhi, 2001, Interpretasi Citra Digital, PT Grasindo, Jakarta.
INDERAJA TERAPAN
Sumber
Radiasi
Wavelength
B
E
Direction of propagation
Electric Field
10 - 12 km
HIGH-ALTITUDE PLANE
JERS
1 - 2a - 2b
Landsat SPOT
ERS 1-2-3-4
1- 2 - 3 3a - 3b 1-2-3
5-6-7-8
4 - 5a - 5b
USA
Rotation of
Satellite the Earth
Satellite Track
Equator
Track Angle
Karakteristik: Karakteristik:
• Periodenya sama dengan bumi • Sun-synchronous
• Ketinggian: 36 000 km • Ketinggian: 400 - 1500 km
• Resolusi rendah • Resolution tinggi
• Jangka waktu lintas kembali • Jangka waktu lintasan kembali
pendek (jam) lama (hari)
• Orbit Equator • Orbit dekat Polar
• Satelit Meteorologi • Satelit observasi bumi
Akuisisi Citra (Image Acquisition)
Array of 6000
detectors
Telescope
N
O E
Satellite
movement S
10 or 20 m
60 km
CCD array multispectral Radiometer Multispectral scanning radiometer
SPOT satellites Landsat MSS and TM satellites
Standard satellite
organization
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
GROUND
GROUND
STATION
STATION
FINAL
FINALUSERS
USERS RECEPTION
RECEPTION
CONTROL
CONTROL RECORDING
RECORDING
PROGRAMMING
PROGRAMMING PREPROCESSING
PREPROCESSING
MARKETING
MARKETING
SALES
SALES
Main types of satellites
Satelit Pasif Satelit Aktif
radiasi matahari (Landsat, SPOT, NOAA...) (ERS, Radarsat...)
optis, IM emision
microwaves
tion
di a
n
ti o
n
t ra
por
o
iati
cloud
den
Inc
ted
rad
i
id e
Inc
f l ec
ed
nt
tter
Re emisi
ra
d ia
sc a
Termal IM
ti o
ck
n
Ba
Efek dari target (obyek)
• Luasan
• Struktur geometrik
efek sekitar • Sifat optis tutupan
• Sifat optis lahan
Interaksi antara radiasi EM dan target
EI () = Energi datang
ER () = Energi terpantul
90
Fresh
80 snow
70
silt
Light
60
50
40
Sand Vegetation
30
20
oil
10
dry bare s
Water
0
0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90
Panjang gelombang (m)
To understand the relationship of digital image processing to remotely sensed data, one should
have a clear concept of the steps involved in the remote sensing process.
Methodologies in Remote Sensing
from science, economics, aesthetics, law, logistics and other areas of human endeavor" (Curran, 1987).
Data
Data Analysis
Analysis
The most commonly used elements of image interpretation used in visual image analysis:
Stereoscopic Parallax
Size
Pattern
Site
Contextual Elements
Association
Data Processing: General
Metodology
Tujuan dan sumberdaya tersedia
Analisa daerah studi
Check akurasi
Dokumen final Hasil Klasifikasi, Map
Tampilan satu band/kanal
Nb of pixels
Gray-scale
White
Black
0 Digital value 255
96 (canal XS3)
Tampilan citra satelit
XS1
Blue
Color composite
XS2
Green
XS3
Red
Komposisi warna citra Landsat TM
band 1
band 3
band 4
band band 456
432
band 5
band 6
Rawdata NOAA 16 (Channel 3)
06 Sept 2001 - 0608 GMT
Rawdata NOAA 16 (RGB 124)
06 Sept 2001 - 0608 GMT
Kesimpulan :
Keuntungan umum penginderaan Jauh :
• Data sistematis yang mencakup area yang luas
• Kemampuan melihat bumi secara multispektral
• Dapat mengakuisisi daerah terpencil
• Sangat berguna untuk daerah bencana
• Kemampuan mengakuisisi kembali yang tinggi
• Data digital
• Program satelit yang berkesinambungan
• Aplikasinya sangat luas :
• Bidang
• bidang perikanan, bidang kelautan
• bidang pertanian, kehutanan,
• perencanaan wilayah daerah otonom
• Remote sensing sebagai tool yang dapat digunakan secara optimal
• dalam pengelolaan SDA secara terpadu dan berkelanjutan