com
02 Hydrocepalus
03 Anenchepalus
Makrosomia / Bayi Besar
komplikasi
Alasan Penatalaksanaan
merujuk medis
Penilaian foto rontgen tidak boleh berdasarkan besarnya kepala saja tapi juga
pada :
1.Bentuk kepala yang pada hydocephalus bundar dan pada tengkorak normal agak
lonjong.
2.Pada perbandingan antara bagian tengkorak dan bagian muka.
3.Pada tebalnya tulang tengkorak yang hanya memberikan bayangan yang tipis
pada hydrocephalus.
Prognosis Pengobatan
Bahaya yang terbesar adalah ruptura uteri. Setelah diagnosis dibuat maka pada anak yang hidup
dilakukan punksi dengan jarum yang panjang dan besar
segera setelah pembukaan cukup besar (pembukaan 2
jari) untuk mengecilkannya. Dengan punksi, tengkorak
mengecil dan selanjutnya persalinan dapat berlangsung
spontan.
Pada anak yang mati dapat dilakukan perforasi. Setelah
anak lahir selalu harus dilakukan eksplorasi cavum uteri.
Anencephalus
Etiologi Pengertian
Penyebab anencephalus antara lain : faktor mekanik, Suatu keadaan dimana sebagian besar
faktor infeksi, faktor obat, faktor umur ibu, faktor tulang tengkorak dan otak tidak terbentuk.
hormonal. Faktor radiasi, faktor gizi dan lainnya. Anencephalus merupakan suatu kelainan
Faktor resiko terjadinya anencephalus adalah : faktor tabung syaraf yang terjadi pada awal
ibu usia resti, riwayat anencephalus pada kehamilan perkembangan janin yang menyebabkan
sebelumnya, hamil dengan kadar asam folat rendah, kerusakan pada jaringan pembentuk otak.
fenilketonuria pada ibu yang tidak terkontrol, Anencephalus terjadi jika tabung saraf
kekurangan gizi (malnutrisi), mengonsumsi alkohol sebelah atas gagal menutup.
selama masa kehamilan.
Gejala
Diagnosis
Gejala janin yang dikandung mengalami
Diagnosis anencephalus dapat dilakukan
anencephalus jika ibu hamil mengalami
dalam dua tahap yaitu : diagnosis antenatal
polihidramnion (cairan ketuban di dalam
dan diagnosa postnatal. Diagnosa antenatal
rahim terlalu banyak), bayi tidak memiliki
umumnya bila ibu hamil dengan faktor resiko
tulang tengkorak tidak memiliki otak (hemisfer
kelainan kongenital. Diagnosis prenatal bila
serebri dan serebelum), terdapat kelainan
kelainan kongenital sudah positif ditemukan.
gambaran (rancu) tengkorak kepala pada
pemeriksaan USG.
Anecephalus
prognosis Pengaruh Pada Kehamilan
Prognosis untuk
• Sering menimbulkan kehamilan serotin, biasanya disertai hydramnion, anak sering lahir
kehamilan dengan
anencephalus sangat dengan letak muka, badan anak kadang kadang besar dan menimbulkan kesukaran
sedikit. Jika bayi lahir
waktu bahu lahir.
hidup, maka biasanya
akan mati dalam • Perawatan dan Penanganan janin/bayi baru lahir dengan anencephalus
beberapa jam atau hari
• Perawatan bayi anencephalus akan ditujukan untuk memebrikan dukungan emosional
setelah lahir.
kepada keluarga, karena tidak ada pengobatan untuk anencephalus, kurangnya
pembentukan otak, sekitar 75% dapat menyebabkan bayi lahir mati dn sisanya 25% bayi
mati dalam beberapa jam, hari atau minggu setelah lahir. Resiko terjadinya
05
anencephalus bisa dikurangi dengan meningkatnya asupan asam folat minimal 3 bulan
sebelum hamil selama kehamilan bulan pertama.
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