Kematian 2
FISIOLOGI
↑ CO
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Fase shock:
Compensated
Uncompesated
Irreversible
6-12 yrs > 130 NA > 18 13.5 or < 4.5 < 105
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INDIKASI INTUBASI
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ALAT-ALAT UNTUK RSI
LARYNGOSCOPES
POSITIVE END-
SELF-INFLATING VENTILATION BAG EXPIRATORY
DGN OXYGEN RESERVOIR TAIL PRESSURE (PEEP)
VALVE ATTACHMENT
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MULTISYSTEM EFFECT OF SHOCK:
Respiratory
Renal
Coagulation
Hepatic
Gastrointestinal
Endocrine
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CAIRAN RESUSITASI
Ya Tidak
Ya Tidak
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HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
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Cause:
↓ SV
↓ CO
Acute loss:
10-15% of circulatory blood volume compensated
>25% shock
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CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:
Tachycardia
Skin mottling
Prolonged capillary refill
Cool extremities
↓ UOP
Hypotensive
Lethargy / comatose
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THERAPY
Oxygen
Rapid volume replacement reestablish
circulation:
Crystalloid: 20 ml/kg shock persist 20 ml/kg
Hemorrhagic: transfusion
Shock (+)
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CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
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Impaired myocardial relaxation change p/v
ratio during diastole ↑ ventricular pressure
Subendocardial ischemi
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CLINICAL ASSESSMENT
Tachycardia
Hypotensive
Diaphoretic
Oliguria
Acidotic
Cool extremities
Altered mental status
Hepatomegaly
Jugular venous distension
Rales
Peripheral edema
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THERAPY
↑ Tissue oxygen supply
↓ Tissue oxygen requirements
Correct metabolic abnormalities
Myocardial contractility: inotropic agent
cathecholamine: norepinephrine, epinephrine,
dopamine & dobutamine
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OBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK
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CARDIAC TAMPONADE
Hemodinamically significant cardiac
compression accumulation pericardial
contents that evoke & defeat compensatory
mechanism
Physical examination:
Pulsus paradoxus
Narrowed pulse pressure
Pericardial rub
Jugular venous distension
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Definitive treatment: removed pericardial fluid or air
surgical drainage / pericardiocentesis
Medical management:
Blood volume expansion maintain venoarterial
gradients
Inotropic agent
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DISTRIBUTVE SHOCK
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SEPTIC SHOCK
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Sepsis: SIRS + documented infection
Severe sepsis: SIRS + end organ dysfunction
Septic shock: SIRS + hypotension persist
after adequate fluid resuscitation
Progressive maladaption of the CV system to
increasing oxygen delivery imbalance
between systemic O2 delivery & O2 demand
global tissue hypoxia shock
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TATA LAKSANA:
Pengenalan awal timbul syok
A-B-C
Initial fluid resuscitation 20 ml/kg boluses over 5-10
minutes up to 40-60 ml/kg in the first hour
Inotropic / vasopressor pada kasus yang refrakter
terhadap cairan
Ventilasi mekanik refractory shock
Antibiotika
Hydrocortisone
Glycemic control
Blood transfusion
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