Teori Asam Basa Arrhenius

Svante August Arrhenius

Lahir: Balingsta Paris, 19 Februari 1859
Wafat: Stockholm Swedia, 2 Oktober 1927
Kebangsaan: Swedia
Bidang Keilmuwan: Kimia Fisik

Asam adalah spesies yang mengandung ion-ion hirogen

(H+ atau H3O+) dan basa mengandung ion-ion
hidroksida (OH-).
(Arrhenius, 1884)
Sumber:
https://edukalife.blogspot.com/2015/07/biography-svante-august-arrhenius.html
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius
Sugiyarto, Kristian Handoyo. 2004. Kimia Anorganik I. Yogyakarta:UNY

Ika Nur Izzatur Rohmah (190331622865)

 Teori Asam Basa Arrhenius

 Asam Arrhenius berasal dari ion hidrogen (yang sering disebut hidronium H 3O+).
 Basa Arrhenius berasal dari ion hidroksida OH- untuk membentuk air pada reaksi asam
basa.
 Reaksi keseluruhan asam basa Arrhenius dituliskan ( dalam fase larutan / aquos )
Asam + Basa → Garam + Air
Contoh:
 H⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) + Na ⁺(aq) + OH⁻ (aq) → NaCl(s) + H₂O(l)
 CH₃COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → CH₃COONa(s)+ H₂O(l)

Sumber:
Miessler, Gary L and Donald A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry Third Edition.
Northfield, Minnesota

Ika Nur Izzatur Rohmah (190331622865)

Teori Asam Basa Arrhenius

KELEMAHAN
 Teori ini berasumsi bahwa
pelarut tidak berpengaruh KELEBIHAN
pada sifat asam-basa. Jika  Mampu menjelaskan
HCL dilarutkan dalam air proses netralisasi lebih
dapat menghantarkan listrik baik dibandingkan
dan jika dilarutkan pada teori-teori sebelumnya
pelarut nonpolar tidak
menghantarkan listrik.
 Garam seharusnya bersifat
netral, namun kenyataannya
banyak garam bersifat tidak Sumber:
netral. Sugiyarto, K.H. 2004. Kimia Anorganik I.
Yogyakarta: JICA

Ika Nur Izzatur Rohmah (190331622865)

Superasam Bronsted-Lewis

 Campuran dari asam Lewis kuat dengan asam kuat BrØnsted-Lowry.

 Contoh: 10% larutan antimoni pentafluorida (SbF₅) dalam asam fluorosulfat, dihasilkan
ion H₂SOF₃⁺.
 H₂SOF₃⁺ dapat bereaksi dengan banyak asam, termasuk
hidrokarbon yang tidak bereaksi dengan asam
biasa.
 Jika diraksikan dengan propena maka:
C₃H₆ (HSO₃F) + H₂SO₃F⁺ (HSO₃F) → C₃H₇⁺ (HSO₃F) + HSO₃F(l)

Sumber:
Sugiyarto, K.H. 2004. Kimia Anorganik I. Yogyakarta: JICA

Ika Nur Izzatur Rohmah (190331622865)

 Superasam Padat

 Merupakan asam yang tidak larut dalam media reaksi, sering digunakan sebagai katalis
heterogen.
 Contoh : Zeolit [SiO4]4- dan [AlO­4]5-

Sumber:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_acid

Ika Nur Izzatur Rohmah (190331622865)

 Kekuatan Asam

Senyawa Struktur lewis Nama Kelektronegatifit Ka pKa

Senyawa asan atom pusat
H₂SO₄ Asam Sulfat 2,5 1.02 x 10-2 1.99

H₂SeO₄ Selenic acid 2,4 2 x 10-2 1,7

H₂TeO₄ Telluric Acid 2,12 2.07 x 10-8 7,68

Ika Nur Izzatur Rohmah (190331622865)

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