EPILECTIC

SYNDROMES
IN ADOLESCENCE
Pembimbing : Dr. dr. Endang Kustiowati, Sp.S (K), M.Si.Med
Presentan : Maria Gracia Devita Windharta
DEFINISI EPILEPSI
KONSEPTU
AL

OPERASION
AL

SINDRO
M
EPILEPS
I
KONSEPTUA
L
• Epilepsi : kelainan otak yang ditandai dengan
kecenderungan terus menerus untuk
menimbulkan bangkitan epileptic dengan
konsekuensi neurobiologis, kognitif,
psikologis, dan sosial.

• Definisi ini mensyaratkan minimal 1x

bangkitan epileptik.
 AL
ILAE 2014 epilepsi adalah suatu penyakit otak yang
ditandai dengan salah 1 gejala berikut :

- Setidaknya 2 kejang tanpa sebab (/ refleks)

terjadi lebih dari 24 jam terpisah.

- Satu kejang yang tidak diprovokasi (/ refleks)

dan kemungkinan kejang lebih lanjut mirip
dengan risiko kekambuhan umum (setidaknya
60%) setelah dua kejang yang tidak diprovokasi,
terjadi selama 10 tahun ke depan.

- Sudah ditegakkan diagnosis sindrom epilepsy

(oleh dokter yang kompeten)
 SINDROM
EPILEPSI
Kumpulan gejala & tanda yang mencakup :
• Tipe bangkitan
• Gambaran EEG
• Pencitraan otak

Berhubungan dengan usia awitan, usia

remisi, pemicu bangkitan, variasi diurnal,
bahkan prognosis
 EPIDEMIOLOGI

Negara Berkembang > Negara Berkembang

Negara Maju 100/100.000
01 03 05

02 04 Di Indonesia anak usia 1

+/- 50 juta penderita Negara Maju ditemukan bulan sampai 16 tahun
seluruh dunia sekitar 50/100.000 berkisar 40 kasus per
100.000
 03
INFEKSI
ETIOLOGI - pasca-infeksi intracranial :
neurosistiserkosis, tuberculosis, malaria
serebral, toksoplasmosis serebral, &
STRUKTURA infeksi kongenital seperti virus Zika.

01 L
- pemeriksaan pencitraan yang
dikaitkan dengan pemeriksaan
- Infeksi ini kadang memiliki korelasi
struktural.

04
elektroklinik
- Identifikasi lesi structural
dengan menggunakan
protocol spesifik epilepsy
IMUN
- gangguan imunitas disertai adanya
peradangan SSP yang berhubungan
dengan reaksi autoimun; contoh :
epilepsi pada multiple sclerosis

02 GENETIK
- Akibat mutasi genetik TIDAK

05 DIKETAHUI
- Hanya berdasarkan awitan, seminologi
dan, pemeriksaan EEG
PATOFISIOLOGI BANGKITAN
EPILEPTIK
SYNDROMES ORGANIZED
BY AGE OF ONSET
 JUVENILE
MYOCLONI
C EPILEPSY
 JUVENILE MYOCLONIC
EPILEPSY

Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

SEIZURE TYPES
(IGE) yang paling umum
Myoclonic jerk
General tonic – clonic
1/3 absans

PEMICU KEJANG
Kurang tidur
Fatigue
Alcohol withdrawal
JUVENILE MYOCLONIC
EPILEPSY

01 03
ONSET PREVALENSI
Bervariasi antara 8 – 26 tahun 26% pasien dengan IGE
Mayoritas 12 – 18 tahun >10% dari seluruh kasus epilepsi
namun misdiagnosis / terlambat
untuk terdiagnosis sering
ditemukan
RASIO JENIS
02 KELAMIN
Pria = Wanita
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01

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Mercury is the closest
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MASS DIAMETER SURFACE

(EARTHS) (EARTHS) (EARTHS)
MERCUR
0.07 0.32 0.39
Y

MARS 0.12 0.56 0.39

SATURN 95.4 9.7 1.22

 THIS IS A MAP!

50%
Venus

30%
Saturn

20%
Jupiter
 11,102,006
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest of them all
 KEY NUMBERS

Mars is actually a cold

50,000 place full of iron oxide dust

Jupiter is a gas giant and

37,500 also the biggest planet

Saturn is composed mostly

25,000 of hydrogen and helium
 WHAT ABOUT THESE PERCENTAGES?

Venus has a Neptune is far Mercury is the

beautiful name away from Earth smallest planet

70 40 85
% % %

2018 2019 2020

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