KELOMPOK 2
ALIFIA RAHMA SUCI CAHYANI 20.0602.0002
SUCI KARUNIA DEWI 20.0602.0003
HARDIAN DWI S 20.0602.0006
ERMA ARI W 20.0602.0008
MATERI
01 TEORI DASAR
03 CARA PEMBUATAN
04 CARA EVALUASI
TEORI DASAR
Tablet merupakan bentuk sediaan oral yang banyak diproduksi dan disukai oleh masyarakat
karena tablet mempunyai beberapa keuntungan diantaranya adalah ketepatan dosis, mudah
cara pemakaiannya, relatif stabil dalam penyimpanan, mudah dalam transportasi dan
distribusi kepada konsumen, serta harganya relatif murah. (Banker dan Anderson, 1986).
Bahan penghancur merupakan salah satu bahan tambahan yang penting dalam pembuatan
tablet, bahan penghancur berfungsi melawan aksi bahan pengikat dari tablet dan melawan
tekanan pada saat penabletan. Bahan ini akan menghancurkan tablet bila bersentuhan dengan
air atau cairan saluran pencernaan.
Tablet akan hancur menjadi granul selanjutnya pecah menjadi partikel-partikel halus dan
akhirnya obat akan hancur (Gunsel et al, 1970)
TEORI DASAR
Amilum (pati) merupakan bahan penolong yang sering digunakan pada pembuatan tablet. Salah satunya adalah
sebagai bahan penghancur. Amilum akan melepaskan kekuatannya dari bahan pengikat dan menyebabkan
pembengkakan dari beberapa komponen penyusun sehingga sebagian atau seluruh aksinya membantu
hancurnya tablet (Voigts , 1984)
Parasetamol merupakan obat yang berkhasiat sebagai analgetik, antiperetik., efek terapi cepat dan dapat dibeli
dengan harga terjangkau (Tan dan Kirana, 2002). Toksisitas parasetamol lebih rendah dari pada aspirin dan
fenasetin pada dosis normal paracetamol bebas efek samping bermakna, sedangkan pada dosis besar dapat
menyebabkan kerusakan hati dan ginjal (Mycek, 2001)
Parasetamol memiliki sifat kompresibilitas dan fluiditas yang kurang baik, sehingga menimbulkan kesulitan
sewaktu pengempaan. Untuk obat dengan sifat kompaktibilitas yang kurang baik dalam dosis besar paling
tepat jika digunakan metode granulasi basah, karena dengan metode granulasi basah tidak memerlukan
banyak bahan tambahan yang menyebabkan bobot terlalu besar, selain itu sifat parasetamol yang tahan
terhadap panas dan kelembaban selama proses granulasi.
ALAT DAN BAHAN
Alat Bahan
- Lumpang dan Alu - Paracetamol
- Batang pengaduk - Amilum Manihot
- Loyang - Lactosa
- Ayakan mesh No. 14 - Aquades
- Spatel
- Gelas Ukur
CARA PEMBUATAN
Cara Pembuatan
A. Pembuatan mucilago amyli :
1. Timbang batang pengaduk dan beaker glass
2. Diberi garis tanda pada beaker glass sesuai dengan
aquadest yang telah diukur sebelumnya
3. Masukkan amilum manihot kedalam beaker glass
4. Tambahkan aquadest sesuai garis
5. Panaskan dihotplate, larutkan mucilago amily sambil diaduk
sampai terbentuk larutan mucylago amyli berwarna putih
transparan dan berbentuk massa kental
B. Pembuatan Granul :
CARA PEMBUATAN
1. Masukkan paracetamol (zat aktif) yang telah ditimbang kedalam lumpang gerus hingga homogen
2. Masukkan laktosa (bahan pengisi) yang telah ditimbang kedalam lumpang gerus hingga homogen
3. Tambahkan Amylum manihot (pengembang dalam) yang telah ditimbang kedalam lumpag gerus hingga homogen
4. Setelah semua bahan homogen, ditambahkan mucilago amily (bahan pengikat) sedikit demi sedikit dengan cara
meletakkan diujung stamfer dan ditekan atau dikempa hingga kompak
5. Setelah terbentuk massa yang kompak, kemudian diayak dengan ayakan mesh 12 dengan menggunakan spatel
6. Setelah diayak granul disebr merata ke seluruh area loyang
7. Timbang granul dan dikeringkan ke lemari pengering selama 24 jam pada suhu 40-60 derajat celcius
8. Diambil granul yang telah dikeringkan lalu diayak dengan ayakan mesh 14 dengan spatel
9. Setelah diayak, timbang granul dan dimasukkan kedalam pot kosong kemudian diuji prefromulasi
10. Granul yang telah terbentuk dikempa dengan alat menjadi tablet
A. Pengujian Tablet
CARA EVALUASI
1. Uji homogenitas campuran
Campuran dinyatan homogen jika warna terdistribusi merata
2. Sifat alir
Sifar alir massa granul dalam pencetakan tablet dapat mempengaruhi keseragaman pengisisan serbuk ke dalam ruang cetak agar bobot
tablet seragam.
3. Kadar lembab
Susut pengeringan diukur dengan alat moisture pada suhu 70 oC. Persyaratan kadar air untuk granul 2%-5%.
4. Kompresibilitas
Prinsip uji kompresibilitas adalah pengukuran persen kemampatannya.Persyaratan indeks kompresibilitas adalah kurang dari 20%.
5. Distribusi ukuran granul
Persyaratan distribusi ukuran granul harus mengikuti kurva distribusi normal.
A. Persyaratan Sediaan Tablet
a. Uji keseragaman bobot
b. Uji keseragaman ukuran
c. Uji kekerasan tablet
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