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• Apa yang anda lihat
dalam gambar ini ?
• Posisi tubuh
• Berputar/memutar
• Maraih keatas
• Membungkukan badan
• Mendongak keatas
Working in awkward,
uncomfortable positions . . .
Common Causes of Back Injuries
Sitting or standing
too long in one
position . . . sitting
can be very hard
on the lower back . . . .
Common Causes of Back Injuries
It is also possible
to injure your
back slipping on
a wet floor or ice . . .
Pencegahan
Work in Neutral Postures
Principle 1
Maintain the “S-Curve” of the
Spine
The Neck
Keep Elbows in and Shoulders Relaxed
Keep Wrists in Neutral
Summary —
Neutral Postures
Neck straight
Shoulders relaxed
Elbows at sides
Wrists in neutral
Principle 2
Keep Everything in Easy
Reach
Principle 3
Reach Envelope
Work at Proper Heights
Principle 4
Height elbow drawing
Most work at
elbow height
(sitting or standing)
Height elbow hi/lo drawing
Exceptions:
Heavy = lower
Precision = higher
Reduce Excessive Motions
Principle 5
Before After
Minimize Fatigue
and Static Load
Principle 6
Minimize Pressure Points
Principle 7
Provide Clearance
Principle 8
Move, Exercise, Stretch
Principle 9
Maintain a Comfortable
Environment
Principle 10
Lighting and Glare
Vibration
Dampening Material
Summary
• Posture • Static load
• Force • Pressure points
• Reach • Clearance
• Heights • Stretch & exercise
• Motions • Environment
Cumulative Trauma
Disorders (CTDs)
• Physical Condition
• Diseases and Conditions
• Pencegahan
– Hindari mengangkat sebisa mungkin
– Gunakan alat angkat dengan benar
– Management tubuh
• Stretch – lakukan pemanasan dahulu bila melakukan pekerjaan berat yg
berhubungan dengan tulang belakang
• Rest your back – beri istirahat sebentar, lakukan senam bila bekerja dengan
posisi yg salah
• Tidur – posisi tidur – miring dengan lutut berada diatas yang lain
• Sit up – perkuat kondisi otot perut dan kurangi berat badan
HNP
Adalah Suatu keadaan penonjolan diskus
intervertebralis ke dalam kanalis vertebralis,
atau nukleus pulposus yang menonjol ke
dalam kanalis vertebralis, atau nukleus
pulposus terlepas