Kegawatdaruratan

NAPZA
Kelompok 4:
- Dwinka Puspa W
- Hilyatu Yela F
- Saskia Khairul A
 01
PRINSIP - PRINSIP
PENANGANAN
KEGAWATDARURATAN
NAPZA
 Pengertian Kegawatdaruratan
NAPZA
Kegawatdaruratan merupakan suatu keadaaan dimana seseorang
mengalami ancaman kehidupan dan apabila tidak dilakukan
pertolongan/tindakan dengan cepat dan tepat dapat menyebabkan cacat
atau meninggal.

Kegawatdaruratan NAPZA adalah suatu keadaan yang mengancam

kehidupan seseorang akibat penggunaan zat/obat yang berlebihan
(intoksikasi/over dosis) sehingga dapat mengancam kehidupan, apabila
tidak dilakukan penanganan dengan segera.
 Penatalaksanaan Kegawatan (D_R_A_B_C)

A = Airway
D = Danger Support C = Circulation
(Periksa (Buka Jalan Support
Keselamatan) Napas)

03 05
01 02 04
R = Response B = Breathing
(Periksa Kesadaran) Support
1) D = Danger (Periksa Keselamatan)
Kondisi gawat darurat merupakan keadaan yang mengancam kehidupan dan atau berisiko
terjadi kerusakan organ apabila tidak segera diintervensi. Sebelum menolong korban
sebaiknya kita harus perhatikan diri kita sendiri/ penolong, lingkungan dan pasien (3A, Aman
Diri, Aman Lingkungan/lokasi, Aman Pasien/korban)

2) R = Response (Periksa Kesadaran)

cek status kesadaran korban dengan menggunakan konsep AVPU :
 A : Alert/ Sadar (Klien/ korban dapat dikatakan sadar apabila dapat berorientasi terhadap
tempat, waktu, dan orang)
 V : Verbal/respon terhadap suara (korban/ klien dalam keadaan disorientasi namun masih
diajak bicara)
 P : Pain/ reseptor terhadap nyeri (korban/klien hanya berespon terhadap nyeri
 U : Unresponsive/ tidak sadar (tentukan kesadaran korban apakah berada dalam keadaan
Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive)
3) A = Airway Support (Buka Jalan Napas)

Tekhnik yang dapat dilakukan penolong adalah cross-finger (silang jari), yaitu memasukkan jari telunjuk dan
jempol menyentuh gigi atau rahang klien.Kemudian tanpa menggerakkan pergelangan tangan, silangkan
kedua jari tersebut denagn geraakan saling mendorong sehingga rahang atas dan rahang bawah
terbuka.periksa adanya benda yang menyumbat atau berpotensi menyumbat.Jika terdapat sumbatan,
bersihkan dengan teknik finger-sweep (sapuan jari) dengan menggunakan jari telunjuk yang terbungkus
kassa (jika ada)

4) B = Breathing Support

Breathing support adalah penilain status pernapasan klien untuk mengetahuiapakah klienmasih
dapatbernapas secara spontan atau tidak. Prinsip dari melakukan tindakan ini adalah dengan cara melihat,
mendengar dan merasakan

5) C = Circulation Support

Circulation support adalah pemberian ventilasi buatan dan kompresi dada luar yang diberikan pada klien
yang mengalami henti jantung. Selain itu untuk mempertahankan sirkulasi spontan dan mempertahankan
sistem jantung paru agar dapat berfungsi optimal dilakukan bantuan hidup lanjut (advance life support).
Penilaian Klinis
Penatalaksanaan intoksikasi harus segera dilakukan tanpa
menunggu hasil pemeriksaan toksikologi. Beberapa keadaan klinik
perlu mendapat perhatian karena dapat mengancam nyawa seperti
koma, kejang, henti jantung, henti nafas, dan syok.

Anamnesis
Yang paling penting dalam anamnesis adalah mendapatkan
informasi yang penting seperti :
 Kumpulkan informasi selengkapnya tentang obat yang digunakan,
termasuk obat yang sering dipakai, baik kepada klien, anggota
keluarga, teman, atau petugas kesehatan yang biasa mendampingi
 Tanyakan riwayat alergi atau riwayat syok anafilaktik
 Pemeriksaan fisik
 02
KONSEP DASAR ASUHAN
KEPERAWATAN
KEGAWATDARURATAN NAPZA
1. Pengkajian
Pengkajian merupakan langkah utama dalam proses keperawatan.
Data yang valid dan tepat akan menentukan langkah-langkah berikutnya.
Kesalahan dalam pengumpulan data akan berdampak pada penentuan
rencana keperawatan yang salah. Untuk memperoleh data yang lengkap
diperlukan keahlian wawancara dan pemeriksaan fisik khusus karena
umumnya klien cenderung manipulatif.

2. Anamesa/wawancara
Pada saat melakukan anamnesa, yang perlu dilakukan adalah
mengkaji keluhan utama saat ini, riwayat pemakaian zat, jenis zat, cara
pakai zat dan dosis setiap kali pakai, frekuensi pemakaian zat
(jam/hari/minggu/bulan/dan kapan terakhir pemakaian zat tersebut
digunakan. Informasi dapat dikumpulkan dari anggota keluarga, teman,
atau petugas tentang obat yang digunakan.
3. Pemeriksaan Fisik
a. Kaji napas dalam : Periksa adanya sumbatan seperti lidah, sekret, benda asing, dan
darah
b. Kaji pernapsan : Periksa adanya bunyi napas, irama pengembangan paru dan
pola napas.
c. Kaji sirkulasi : Periksa sirkulasi dengan memeriksa kulit, akral dan nadi
d. Kaji tingkat kesadaran : Periksa status neurologis dengan GCS (Glasgow Coma
Scale).Respon yang dinilai adalah respon membuka mata, respon motorik
dan respon verbal
e. Kaji intoksikasi : Intoksikasi perlu dikaji untuk mengetahui adanya obat atau zat
makanan, kimia, gas
f. Kaji nyeri : Kaji skala nyeri, intensitas dan lokasi dimana hal tersebut sering
timbul
g. Kaji integument : Kaji adanya neadle track atau bekas suntikan, lihat kondisi baru/
sudah lama serta letak bekas suntikan tersebut.
h. Turgor kulit : Kaji adanya dehidrasi, mukosa mulut, muntah, dan adanya
pendarahan
i. Kaji moskoloskeletal : Kaji adanya perubahan sensorik-motorik, adanya kerusakan
jaringan serta perubahan bentuk ektremitas
j. Kaji psikososial : Kaji adanya kecemasan, perilaku kekerasan yang dapat
mencederai diri dan orang lain.
 02
KONSEP DASAR ASUHAN
KEPERAWATAN
KEGAWATDARURATAN NAPZA
 LET’S REVIEW SOME
CONCEPTS

Mercury Mars Jupiter

Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars is It’s the biggest planet in
planet to the Sun actually a cold place the Solar System

Venus Saturn Neptune

Venus is the second planet Saturn is composed of Neptune is the farthest
from the Sun hydrogen and helium planet from the Sun
 “This is a quote. Words full of
wisdom that someone important said
and can make the reader get
inspired.”

—Someone Famous
HERE YOU HAVE
TWO COLUMNS

Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is the closest planet to Jupiter is a gas giant and the
the Sun and the smallest one in biggest planet in the entire Solar
the Solar System System
 HOW ABOUT FOUR
COLUMNS?

Venus Saturn
Venus has a beautiful name Saturn is a planet
and is the second planet from composed of hydrogen and
the Sun helium

Mars Jupiter
Despite being red, Mars is Jupiter is a gas giant and
actually a cold place full of the biggest planet in the
iron oxide dust Solar System
THIS IS A TABLE
Mass Diameter Gravity
(Earths) (Earths) (Earths)

Mars 100 355 370

Mercury 490 150 890

Venus 1,000 260 245

 A Picture Always
Reinforces the
Concept
Images reveal large amounts
of data, so remember: use an
image instead of long texts
 TRY USING
INFOGRAPHICS!

Mercury
Mercury is the
smallest planet in the
Saturn Solar System
Saturn is composed
mostly of hydrogen
and helium
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
full of iron oxide dust
THESE ARE THREE
COLUMNS

01 03
Saturn Neptune
Yes, this is the ringed one. It’s
composed mostly of hydrogen 02 Neptune is the fourth-largest
planet by diameter in the Solar
and helium System
Mars
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place. It’s full
of iron oxide dust
A Picture Is Worth
a Thousand Words
A TIMELINE ALWAYS
WORKS WELL
Jupiter is the biggest planet in Saturn is composed of
the Solar System hydrogen and helium
Jupiter Saturn

02 04
01 03

Neptune Mars
Neptune is the farthest Despite being red, Mars is
planet from the Sun actually a cold place
DO YOU NEED SOME
PERCENTAGES?

75% Mercury

90% Neptune

40% Mars

50% Venus
THIS IS A MAP

You can write here some relevant information

 A SECOND TIMELINE
COULD WORK TOO

Jupiter Saturn
It’s the biggest It’s composed
planet in the Neptune mostly of hydrogen Mars
Solar System Neptune is the and helium Despite being red,
farthest planet from Mars is actually a
the Sun cold place
DO YOU NEED MORE
INFOGRAPHICS?
Saturn
Neptune is the Saturn is composed
farthest planet from mostly of hydrogen
the Sun and helium
Neptune
Mars
Jupiter is the Despite being red,
biggest planet in Mars is a cold place
the Solar System full of iron oxide dust
Jupiter
 YOU CAN USE A
DIAGRAM

Mars

Neptune Saturn
Neptune is the farthest planet Saturn is composed of
from the Sun hydrogen and helium

Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
CHECK OUT THIS!

● This is one item from your checklist

● This is one item from your checklist
● This is one item from your checklist
● This is one item from your checklist
● This is one item from your checklist
● This is one item from your checklist
● This is one item from your checklist
Awesome
Words
USE A GRAPH TO SHOW
YOUR DATA

Neptune
Neptune is the farthest 20% Venus
planet from the Sun

10%
70% Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change the data and paste the resulting graph here
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 24h 37m
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