MATERI

GENETIK
SINTESIS
PROTEIN
Putri Elhani
 Sintesis Protein
---------------------------------
Mata Pelajaran Biologi Kelas XII
KD 3.3
Menyimulasikan proses sintesis protein, serta
perilaku DNA dan Kromosom dalam pewarisan sifat
 Tujuan Pembelajaran

1. Penjelasan Materi
1. Menjelaskan tahapan
2. Penomoran sintesis protein.
3. Penugasan 2. Merumuskan urutan proses
4. Diskusi Kelompok sintesis protein dalam
5. Pengakuan Kelompok kaitannya dengan
penyampaian kode genetik
(DNA-RNAProtein).

Model Pembelajaran NHT

(Number Head Together)
 WHAT IS PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS?

● Sintesis protein yaitu proses penyusunan

senyawa protein dengan membentuk
rangkaian rantai polipeptida.
● Tempat terjadi: ribosom
● pengaturan sintesis protein dilakukan oleh
gen (DNA) di dalam inti.
 Perubahan struktur gen dapat menyebabkan perubahan
struktur protein pada tingkat asam amino, yang selanjutnya
akan menyebabkan perubahan dalam proses metabolisme.
Ekspresi gen dilakukan melalui dua tahapan yaitu transkripsi
dan translasi.
 1
TRANSKRIPSI
Transkripsi merupakan proses
pengkopian/penyalinan molekul DNA menjadi
utas RNA yang komplementer (DNA - mRNA).
Transkripsi
• Tempat terjadinya: di dalam inti sel.
• Pembacaan oleh transkriptase dimulai dari tanda awal (promotor) sampai tanda
akhir (terminator).
• Hasil: Proses transkripsi menghasilkan tiga jenis RNA, yaitu RNA duta (mRNA),
RNA transfer (tRNA), dan RNA ribosomal (rRNA). ketiga jenis RNA ini
berperan dalam proses trasnlasi. Hanya mRNA yang akan diterjemahkan kedalam
protein.
• Tahapan transkripsi:
1) Inisiasi sintesis RNA,
2) Pemanjangan (elongasi) RNA,
3) Penyelesaian (terminasi) sintesis RNA.
• Pita RNA yang telah selesai
menerima pesan genetik dari pita
DNA pencetak segera
meninggalkan inti nukleus menuju
ke ribosom, tempat sintesis protein
dalam sitoplasma. Pita RNA
menempatkan diri pada leher
ribosom.
• RNA yang ada dalam sitoplasma
bersiap-siap untuk berperan dalam
proses sintesis protein berikutnya.
Setiap satu RNA ini, mengikat satu
asam amino yang mengandung
ATP.
 02
TRANSLAS
I
Penerjemahan urutan kodon pada RNAd
menjadi urutan asam amino pada
ribosom,
Translasi
• Tempat: Sitoplasma
• Translasi adalah penerjemaham kode pada RNA-d oleh RNA-t untuk dibuat
protein
• Basa Nitrogen translasi
mRNA tRNA
A U
U A
G C
C G

• Tahapan translasi: Inisiasi, Elongasi dan Terminasi

Tahapan Translasi
1. RNA-t datang membawa asam amino yang sesuai dengan kode yang dibawa
oleh RNA-d. RNA-t yang memiliki anticodon berpasangan dengan kodon
dari RNA-d yang sesuai.
Jika kodon RNA-d adalah UGC-AUC-GAU, maka urutan
antikodon pada RNA-t adalah ACG-UAG-CUA
2. Asam-asam amino akan berjajar dalam urutan yang sesuai dengan kode
sehingga terbentuk protein yang diharapkan
3. Protein yang terbentuk merupakan enzim yang mengatur metabolism sel dan
reproduksi
TUGAS
KELOMPO
K
Kerjakan berikut sesuai nomor yang kalian dapat!

1. Jelaskan perbedaan antara transkripsi dan translasi!

2. Jelaskan 3 tahap dalam proses translasi!
3. Jelaskan pengertian dari:
a. kodogen
b. antisense
c. Elongasi
4. Perhatikan gambar sepotong molekul DNA dan tabel kodon translasinya:
DNA UNIT TEST - 1 EXERCISE

What does band X represent? Choose

1 answer

A The smallest fragment of DNA that traveled the slowest

B The smallest fragment of DNA that traveled fastest

C The largest fragment of DNA that traveled slowest

D The largest fragment of DNA that traveled the fastest

 Tujuan
1. Menjelaskan Pembelajaran
tahapan sintesis protein.
2. Merumuskan urutan proses sintesis
protein dalam kaitannya dengan
penyampaian kode genetik (DNA-
RNAProtein).

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 MATERI GENETIK

Kromosom,
gen dan DNA
Sintesa Protein

Bahan Proses

DNA RNA Transkripsi Translasi

WHOA!
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your email…
 01 02 03
PROTEIN
GENETIC CODE DNA STRUCTURE SYNTHESIS
You can describe the topic You can describe the topic You can describe the topic
of the section here of the section here of the section here

04 05 06
CUMULATIVE
DNA MUTATIONS CHROMOSOMES EXAM
You can describe the topic You can describe the topic You can describe the topic
of the section here of the section here of the section here
 RNA
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest one in
the Solar System—it’s a bit larger
than the Moon

DNA
Venus has a beautiful name and is
the second planet from the Sun.
It’s hot and has a very poisonous
atmosphere
 COMPARISON DNA AND RNA

FEATURES DNA RNA

Long term storage of genetic Used to transfer genetic
FUNCTION information information in organisms

STRUCTURAL E-form double helix A-form helix

COMPOSITIO Adenine, guanine, cytosine, Adenine, guanine, cytosine,

N thymine bases uracil bases

PROPAGATIO DNA is self-replicating

It is synthesized from DNA on
N an as-needed basis
 3 PARTS OF A NUCLEOTIDE
H H
PHOSPHATE GROUP N
N
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and N
the smallest one in our System O—
| H
CH
O=P—O
PENTOSE SUGAR |
O—
2

N N
H
Venus has a beautiful name and is the O
second planet from the Sun
H H
NITROGENOUS BASE H
H
Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold
place. It’s full of iron oxide dust OH H
NITROGENOUS BASES
N
H2N H ADENINE H3C O
THYMINE
Venus is the second H N—H Jupiter is the biggest
N N
planet from the Sun and planet in the entire Solar
H—N
N it’s very hot O System
H

N
H NH3
CYTOSINE O H
GUANINE
N
H Despite being red, Mars H—N N
Saturn is a gas giant and
is actually a very cold has several rings around
N
O place N it
H2N
PERCENTAGES OF DNA STRAND
A strand of DNA was measured to contain 40% adenine. What is
the DNA's composition of the other bases?

THYMINE
60% Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
CYTOSINE
Jupiter is the biggest 10%
planet in our System

GUANINE
10% Despite being red, Mars
is a cold place
AREAS WHERE IT CAN BE APPLIED

ANTHROPOLO
EVOLUTION MEDICINE
It’s the closest planet to
GY
Venus is the second Mars is actually a very
the Sun planet from the Sun cold place

CATTLE
AGRICULTURE ENGINEERING
Jupiter is the biggest
RAISING
Saturn is a gas giant and Neptune is far away
planet of them all has several rings from Earth
 “Our own genomes carry the story of
evolution, written in DNA, the language
of molecular genetics and the narrative
is unmistakable .”
—KENNETH R. MILLER
 HISTORY OF DNA DISCOVERY

1860 1900 1910

Despite being red, Saturn is a gas giant Earth is the planet
Mars is a cold place and has rings where we all live on

1881 1902
Neptune is far away Venus has a beautiful
from Earth name
MOLECULAR GENETICS STUDIES

MARS
SATURN
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit larger than
the Moon
 DO YOU NEED A GRAPH?

SATURN 85
Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings %

JUPITER 60
It’s the biggest planet in
the Solar System %

NEPTUNE 35
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun % Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the
new one here. For more info, click here
A PICTURE
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 46
Humans have 23 pairs of
chromosomes for a total of 46
 DNA MUTATIONS

MARS MERCURY
Despite being red, Mars Mercury is a really
is very cold small planet

VENUS PLUTO
Venus has a nice name, Pluto is considered a
but it’s hot dwarf planet
 03
CUMULATI
VE EXAM
You can enter a subtitle here
if you need it
9h 55m 23s
Is Jupiter's rotation period

333,000.000
Earths is the Sun’s mass

386,000 km
Is the distance between Earth and the Moon
DNA STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION
The image below shows a DNA helix to undergo replication
to produce two new molecules. Which image best represents
the two new DNA molecules? A

B
 DNA UNIT TEST - 1 EXERCISE
DNA samples from four different organisms were analyzed using a procedure that separates the DNA in
each samples by size

A B C D
Wells

Band X
 DNA UNIT TEST - 2 EXERCISE
A template strand of DNA is 3’ TACCGATTGCA 5’. What is the complementary
DNA strand that is created from this template during replication

A 5’ TAGGCATTGCA 3’

B 5’ AUGGCAAGAAAA 3’

C 5’ ATGCTTGACTG 3’

D 5’ ATGCTTGACTG 3’
 DNA UNIT TEST - 3 EXERCISE
In a sample of double-stranded DNA, 10% of the nitrogenous bases are guanine. What percentage of
the nitrogenous bases in the sample are adenine, cytosine and thymine. Name the other nucleobases and
write the correct percentage next to them

NUCLEOBASE
GUANINE 10%
Venus has a beautiful
?
Jupiter is the biggest
name, but it’s hot ANSWER planet of them all
ANSWER
NUCLEOBASE NUCLEOBASE
?
Mercury is the closest ANSWER ?
Despite being red, Mars is
planet to the Sun actually a cold place

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
THE DNA LADDER
INTERACTIVE
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DNA
MUTATION
S GAME
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GENETIC
CODE
SIMULATION
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CONCLUSION
S
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you want to talk about here. For example, if
you want to talk about Mercury, you can say
that it’s the smallest planet in the entire Solar
System
OUR TEAM OF SCIENTISTS

MARCY SIMON CARLY

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