Acid-Base Equilibria

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A buffer solution is a solution of: 1. A weak acid or a weak base and 2. The salt of the weak acid or weak base Both must be present!
Larutan bufer harus mengendung konsentrasi asam yang cukup tinggi untuk bereaksi dengan ion OH- yang ditambahkan kepadanya dan harus mengandung konsentrasi basa yang sama tingginya untuk bereaksi dengan ion H+ yang ditambahkan Selain itu komponen asam dan basa tidak boleh saling menghabiskan dalam suatu reaksi penetralan

p.540

17.3

A buffer solution has the ability to resist changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of either acid or base.

Consider an equimolar mixture of CH3COOH and CH3COO-Na+

Konsentrasi kesetimbangan baik asam maupun basa konjugat diasumsikan sama dengan konsentrasi awalnya. Ini karena (1). CH3COOH adalah asam lemah dan hidrolisis ion CH3COO- sangat kecil dan (2). Keberadaan ion CH3COO- menekan ionisasi CH3COOH, dan keberadaan CH3COOH menekan hidrolisis ion CH3CCOO-

Add strong acid

H+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq)

Add strong base OH- (aq) + CH3COOH (aq)

CH3COOH (aq)
CH3COO- (aq) + H2O (l)

Pembuatan larutan bufer

Bufer dapat dibuat dengan tiga cara : 1. Dengan mencampurkan asam lemah dengan basa konjugasinya atau basa lemah dan asam konjugasinya 2. Mencampur asam lemah berlebih dengan jumlah terbatas basa kuat 3. Mencampur basa lemah berlebih dengan jumlah terbatas asam kuat

Which of the following are buffer systems? (a) KF/HF (b) KBr/HBr

(c) Na2CO3/NaHCO3

17.3

Suppose you want to prepare a buffer solution with a specific pH. How would you do that? Youd use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation!
p.543

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Consider mixture of a weak acid HA and its salt Na+A-. HA (aq) [H+][A-] Ka = [HA] NaA (s) H+ (aq) + A- (aq) Na+ (aq) + A- (aq)

[H+] =
Since pKa = -log Ka pH = ___ + log

-log

[H+]

[HA] = -log Ka - log [A-]

Or, more generically pH = pKa + log

17.2

-] [A -log [H+] = -log Ka + log [HA]

We use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to prepare a buffer solution with ______________. We often choose a weak acid whose pKa is close to the desired pH and make the [acid] [conjugate base]. (Why?)

[conjugate base] pH = pKa + log [acid]

Because then, log = ____

17.2

What is the pH of a solution containing 0.30 M HCOOH and 0.52 M HCOO-K+?

Mixture of weak acid and conjugate base!

HCOOH (aq)
Initial (M) Change (M) Equilibrium (M) Common ion effect 0.30 x 0.30 0.52 + x 0.52 HCOOH pKa = _____ 0.30

H+ (aq) + HCOO- (aq)

0.00 0.52

[HCOO-] pH = pKa + log [HCOOH] pH =

17.2

Calculate the pH of a 0.30M NH3/0.36M NH4Cl buffer system

NH4+ (aq)

H+ (aq) + NH3 (aq)

[NH3] [NH4+]

pH = pKa + log

Ka = 5.6 X 10-10 pKa = _________ pH = ______ + log [0.30] [0.36] = ________

17.3