Appendiks All

APPENDIKS A
NERACA MASSA
Flowchart
START
Input Feed trial = 100.000 kg/hari
Pengerjaan sesuai dengan langkah-langkah yang telah ditentukan
Mendapatkan produk X kg/hari
Produk X kg/hari : etanol 99,5% = Produk Y
Produk Y L/hari : 1000 : 330 = Produk Z KL/tahun
Produk yang diinginkan 20.000 KL/tahun maka untuk mendapatkan Feed,

20.000 KL/tahun : Produk Z KL/tahun x Feed trial
Didapatkan Feed= 302.817 kg/hari
END
Kapasitas Etanol
Waktu Operasi
=
=
=
=
=
=
Produk
Basis
Feed dibutuhkan
1. Peeler (C-112B)
20000 kL/tahun
330
hari/tahun
24
jam/hari
Etanol 99,5% - v/v
1
hari
302,817
kg
belt conveyor
Hammer Mill
Peeler
1
2
fungsi :
Asumsi :
Untuk mengupas kulit Singkong Gajah

berat kulit Singkong Gajah sebesar 3% berat total
1) Aliran masuk
Aliran <1>
Singkong Gajah
2) Aliran keluar
Aliran <2>
Kulit
302,817
3%
kg
302,817
A-1
Aliran <3>
Singkong Gajah
9,085
kg
=
=
302,817
293,732
kg
Tabel A.1. Neraca Massa Peeler

MASUK
Komponen
Massa (kg)
aliran <1>
Singkong Gajah
302,816.81
Total
9,085
KELUAR
Komponen
Massa (kg)
aliran <2>
Kulit
9,084.50
aliran <3>
Singkong Gajah
293,732.31
Total
302,816.81
302,816.81
2. Hammer Mill (C-114C)

Hammer
Mill
Peeler
Mixing Tank
4
Asumsi : 0,1% Singkong Gajah yang tidak halus direcycle

Tabel A.2. Neraca Massa Hammer Mill
MASUK
KELUAR
Komponen
Massa (kg)
Komponen
Massa (kg)
aliran <3>
aliran <4>
Singkong Gajah
293,732.31
Singkong Gajah
293,438.58
Recycle
293.73
Total
293,732.31
Total
293,732.31
3. Mixing Tank (F-115)
5
hammer mill
air
Mixing Tank
Liquification Tank
6
Fungsi : untuk mengencerkan padatan hingga 15%

Tabel A.1.2 Komposisi Singkong Gajah
Komponen
%Berat
Komposisi (kg)
Moisture (air)
62.50%
183,582.69
Karbohidrat
34.00%
99,868.99
Protein
1.20%
3,524.79
Fiber
0.80%
2,349.86
Impurities
1.50%
4,405.98
Asumsi :
Air yang terkandung dalam Mixing Tank sebesar 85% massa masuk
aliran <4>
a. Air
=
183,582.693
kg
b. Karbohidrat
=
99,868.985
kg
c. Protein
=
3,524.788
kg
d. Fiber
=
2,349.858
kg
e. Impurities
=
4,405.985
kg
1) aliran masuk <5>
a. Air
=
=
((85%/15%)x dry feed)-H2O dalam feed

440,598.464
A-2
2) aliran keluar <6>

a. Air
b. Karbohidrat
c. Protein
d. Fiber
e. Impurities
=
=
=
=
=
624,181.157
99,868.985
3,524.788
2,349.858
4,405.985
Tabel A.3. Neraca Massa pada Mixing Tank

MASUK
Komponen
Massa (kg)
aliran <4>
Air
183,582.69
Karbohidrat
99,868.99
Protein
3,524.79
Fiber
2,349.86
Impurities
4,405.98
aliran <5>
Air
440,598.46
Total
734,330.77
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
KELUAR
Komponen
Massa (kg)
aliran <6>
Air
Karbohidrat
Protein
Fiber
Impurities
624,181.16
99,868.99
3,524.79
2,349.86
4,405.98
Total
734,330.77
4. Liquification Tank (R-110)

-amilase
7
Mixing Tank
Liquification Tank
Saccharification Tank
Asumsi:
-amilase ditambahkan dengan perbandingan 1:333,33 kg dari karbohidrat yang masuk
1. Massa aliran masuk
aliran <6>
a. Air
b. Karbohidrat
c. Protein
d. Fiber
e. Impurities
Total
aliran <7>
-amilase yang ditambahkan
=
=
=
=
=
624,181.157
99,868.985
3,524.788
2,349.858
4,405.985
734,330.773
=
=
(1/333,33) x karbohidrat
299.61
kg
Reaksi I
-amilase
(C6H10O5)n
m(C6H10O5)x
-amilase
(C6H10O5)1000
pati
100(C6H10O5)10
Dextrin
0.95
Asumsi:
n=1000
m=100
x=10
Konversi penguraian pati menjadi dextrin oleh -amilase = 95%
BM (C6H10O5)1000
=
162,000
BM (C6H10O5)10
=
1,620
A-3
kg/kmol
kg/kmol
-amilase
(C6H10O5)1000
100(C6H10O5)10
(C6H10O5)1000 masuk
=
=
=
(C6H10O5)1000 tersisa
=
=
=
100(C6H10O5)10 yang terbentuk
(C6H10O5)1000 bereaksi
2. Aliran massa keluar

aliran <8>
a. Air
b. Karbohidrat
c. Protein
d. Fiber
e. Impurities
f. (C6H10O5)10 yang terbentuk
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.95
99,868.985
162,000
0.6165
0.95
x
0.5857
kmol
0.6165
0.0308
4,993
kg
=
100/1
=
=
kg
kg/kmol
kmol
0.6165
0.5857
kmol
x
kmol
0.5857 kmol
kmol
kg
58.57
94,876
624,181.157
4,993.449
3,524.788
2,349.858
4,405.985
94,875.536
kmol
kmol
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
Tabel A.4. Neraca massa pada Liquification Tank

MASUK
KELUAR
Komponen
Massa (kg)
Komponen
Massa (kg)
aliran <6>
aliran <8>
Air
624,181.16
Air
624,181.16
Karbohidrat
99,868.99
Karbohidrat
4,993.45
Protein
3,524.79
Protein
3,524.79
Fiber
2,349.86
Fiber
2,349.86
Impurities
4,405.98
Impurities
4,405.98
aliran <7>
-amilase
299.61
-amilase
299.61
(C6H10O5)10
94,875.54
Total
734,630.38
Total
734,630.38
5. Saccharification Tank (R-120)
H2SO4
10
Liquification Tank
Glukoamilase
11
Sterilization
Saccharification
Tank
12
Untuk Merubah karbohidrat menjadi glukosa pada suhu 60 C

dengan waktu tinggal 48 jam
1) Aliran Masuk
aliran <9>
a. Air
=
624,181.157
kg
b. Karbohidrat
=
4,993.449
kg
c. Protein
=
3,524.788
kg
d. Fiber
=
2,349.858
kg
e. Impurities
=
4,405.985
kg
f. -amilase
=
299.610
kg
g. dextrin yang terbentuk
=
94,875.536
kg
Fungsi :
A-4
aliran <10>
Perhitungan H2SO4 98% yang ditambahkan
Komponen
Massa (kg)
Fraksi
Air
624,181.157 0.850
Karbohidrat
4,993.449 0.007
Protein
3,524.788 0.005
Fiber
2,349.858 0.003
Impurities
4,405.985 0.006
-amilase
299.610 0.000
(C6H10O5)10
94,875.536 0.129
Total
734,630.38 1.000
s.g.
1.00
1.53
1.46
0.73
1.65
0.00
1.04
Asumsi pH = 6
Konsentrasi awal mash dari Liquification Tank pada saat pH = 6,
-6
M1 = 1 x 10
Larutan
= (fraksi x s.g.) x air
=
1.01360
x
1000
3
=
1013.60 kg/m
Volume Larutan
=
=
=
=
Volume Larutan (V1)

Konsentrasi mash akhir pada pH = 5 ,
Volume Mash Akhir (V3)
Konsentrasi H2SO4 98% (M2)
Fraksi x s.g
0.850
0.010
0.007
0.002
0.010
0.000
0.134
1.014
kg/m3
m/
734,630.383
1013.60
725
724,772
m
Liter
=
724,772
Liter
M3 = 1 x 10-5
=
V1 + V2
=
x % x 10
Mr
H2SO4 98% =
1.84
Mr H2SO4 =
98
1,84 x 98 x 10
=
98
=
18.4
Volume H2SO4 98% yang dibutuhkan (V2)

M1V1
+
M2V2
10-6 x 1,113,48
+
18.4 V2
0.724771715
+
18.40 V2 =
6.523
=
V2
=
=
=
7.24772
18.400
0.355
Air yang terkandung pada H2SO4 98% adalah 2%, sehingga :

2
=
x
V2
98
2
=
x
0.355
98
=
0.0072
Liter
Massa H2SO4 98% yang dibutuhkan
=
V2
=
0.355
=
0.652
Massa air yang terkandung pada H2SO4 98%
=
0.0072
x
1 kg/liter
=
0.0072
kg
aliran <11>
Asumsi :
A-5
M3V3
10-5 (1,113,48+V2)
-5
10 V2
+
V2
liter
x
x
kg
1.84
Enzim Glukoamilase yang ditambahkan 1:555,56 kg dari karbohidrat yang masuk

=
1/555,56
x
4,993.449
=
8.988136755 kg
Reaksi II
Glukoamilase
2(C6H10O5)1000 + 1000 H2O
pati
1000(C12H22O11)
Maltosa
0.95
Massa (C6H10O5)1000 mula-mula
=
=
=
=
Massa (C6H10O5)1000 sisa Liquifikasi

4,993.449
kg
4,993.449
kg
162,000
kg/kmol
0.031
kmol
(C6H10O5)1000 yang bereaksi
=
=
0.95
0.029
x
kmol
0.031
(C6H10O5)1000 yang tersisa
=
=
=
=
0.031
0.002
0.002
kmol
x
249.672
0.029
H2O mula-mula
H2O yang bereaksi
=
=
=
624,181.157
18
34,676.731
1000/2
x
14.641
H2O yang tersisa
Massa C12H22O11 terbentuk
=
=
=
=
162,000
kg
kg
kg/kmol
kmol
0.029
kmol
34,676.731
34,662.090
623,917.614
=
=
1000/2
x
14.64
14.64
x
5,007.32
kmol
0.03
kmol
342
kg
kmol
14.6
kmol
kg
kmol
kg/kmol
Reaksi III
Glukoamilase
(C6H10O5)10 + 10 H2O
dextrin
(C6H10O5)10 mula-mula
(C6H10O5)10 yang bereaksi
(C6H10O5)10 yang tersisa
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
94,875.536
58.565
0.97
56.808 kmol
58.565
1.757 kmol
2,846.266 kg
=
H2O mula-mula
=
=
10
568.082
kg
kmol
x
58.565
56.808
623,917.614
18
34,662.090
=
H2O yang bereaksi
10(C6H12O6)
Glukosa
0.97
56.808
kmol
A-6
kg
kg/kmol
kmol
kmol
H2O yang tersisa
=
=
=
Massa C6H12O6 yang terbentuk
2) Aliran Keluar
aliran <12>
a. H2O
b. Karbohidrat
c. Protein
d. Fiber
e. Impurities
f. -amilase
g. Dextrin
h. Glukoamilase
i. H2SO4
j. Maltosa
k. Glukosa
34,662.090
34,094.008
613,692.139
=
=
=
=
10
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
568.082
kmol
kg
x
568.082
568.082
102,254.744
56.808
kmol
x
kg
613,692.147
249.672
3,524.788
2,349.858
4,405.985
299.610
2,846.266
8.988
0.652
5,007.320
102,254.744
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
180
Tabel A.5. Neraca Massa pada Saccharification Tank

MASUK
KELUAR
Komponen
Massa (kg)
Komponen
Massa (kg)
aliran <9>
aliran <12>
Air
624181.16
Air
613692.15
Karbohidrat
4993.45
Karbohidrat
249.67
Protein
3524.79
Protein
3524.79
Fiber
2349.86
Fiber
2349.86
Impurities
4405.98
Impurities
4405.98
-amilase
299.61
-amilase
299.61
Dextrin
94875.54
Dextrin
2846.27
aliran <10>
Glukoamilase
8.99
H2SO4
H2SO4
0.65
0.65
Air
0.01
Maltosa
5007.32
aliran <11>
Glukosa
102254.74
Glukoamilase
8.99
Total
734640.03 Total
734640.03
6. Sterilization (E-222A)
14
Seeding Tank
Saccharification
Sterilization
12
Fermentor Tank
15
Fungsi :
Mensterilkan medium dari mikroorganisme yang tidak diinginkan yang

dapat mengganggu proses fermentasi.
Alilran massa keluar dari Sterilization dialirkan 10 % ke Seeding Tank dan 90 %
A-7
Tabel A.6. Neraca massa pada Sterilization

MASUK
Komponen
Massa (kg)
aliran <12>
Air
613692.15
Karbohidrat
249.67
Protein
3524.79
Fiber
2349.86
Impurities
4405.98
-amilase
299.61
Dextrin
2846.27
Glukoamilase
8.99
H2SO4
0.65
Maltosa
5007.32
Glukosa
102254.74
KELUAR
Massa (kg)
aliran <14>
Air
61369.21
Karbohidrat
24.97
Protein
352.48
Fiber
234.99
Impurities
440.60
-amilase
29.96
Dextrin
284.63
Glukoamilase
0.90
H2SO4
0.07
Maltosa
500.73
Glukosa
10225.47
Aliran <15>
Air
552322.93
Karbohidrat
224.71
Protein
3172.31
Fiber
2114.87
Impurities
3965.39
-amilase
269.65
Dextrin
2561.64
Glukoamilase
8.09
H2SO4
0.59
Maltosa
4506.59
Glukosa
92029.27
734640.03
Total
734640.03
Total
Komponen
7. Seed Tank (R-210)

Udara keluar dari CO2
S.cereviceae
17
14
Cooler
20
Fermentor Tank
Seed Tank
19
18
Udara
16
Nutrient
Fungsi :
untuk pengembangbiakan mikroorganisme
1) Aliran massa masuk
Aliran <14>
Komponen
Masuk (Kg)
fraksi
Air
61,369.215
0.8354
Karbohidrat
24.967
0.0003
Protein
352.479
0.0048
Fiber
234.986
0.0032
Impurities
440.598
0.0060
-amilase
29.961
0.0004
Dextrin
284.627
0.0039
Glukoamilase
0.899
0.000012
H2SO4
0.065
0.000001
Maltosa
500.732
0.0068
s.g
1.000
1.530
1.460
0.730
1.653
0.000
1.038
0.000
1.834
1.540
A-8
fraksi x s.g
0.8354
0.0005
0.0070
0.0023
0.0099
0.0000
0.0040
0.0000
0.0000
0.0105
Glukosa
Total
10,225.474
73,464.003
0.1392
1.0000
(fraksi x s.g ) x air

=
1.0840
x
= 1084.011204
Volume larutan =
73,464.003
1.0840
=
67.771
1.540
0.2144
1.0840
larutan =
Aliran <17>
Asumsi :
S.cereviceae
=
=
=
Asumsi
S.cereviceae
massa S.cereviceae
0.1000
0.1000
6.7771
=
=
=
Perhitungan Biomass
Volume Media
BM Biomass
Biomass
Kebutuhan Biomass
=
=
=
Volume Biomass
(m)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Ks
Monod Equation
=
=
0.0040
6.7771
0.0271
1000 kg/m3
x
x
3
m
kg/m3
x
kg
Volume media
3
104.1170 m
0.0040
67.77 m
24.18 CH1.8O0.5N0.17
2.93 kg/liter
=
4 kg yeast kering per 1000 liter media
=
4
x
67.77
=
271.08
kg
=
92.52
liter
m3
=
0.09
laju pertumbuhan spesifik maksimum
-1
0.40 jam
Konsentrasi substrat (kg gula/m3 volume media)
10,225.5 kg
3
67.77 m
3
150.88 kg/m
Konstanta jenuh substrat
3
0.48 kg/m
(m) x (S / ( Ks + S))
0.40
x
150.88
0.48 +
0.40
150.88
jam-1
Menghitung kecepatan tumbuh bakteri (Rv)

Xvo
=
Konsentrasi bakteri mula-mula
=
0.0271 kg
3
67.77 m
=
0.00040 kg biomass/m3
Rv
=
kecepatan pertumbuhan Biomass (Djumali,p20)
(m) x Xvo
=
=
0.40
x
0.00040
=
0.00016 kg biomass/m3. jam
Pertumbuhan bakteri dilakukan selama 24 jam
Xvt
=
24
x
Rv
=
24
x
0.00016
3
=
0.00383 kg biomass/m
A-9
Biomass akhir
=
=
=
Xvt
0.00383
0.259
x
x
Volume total
67.77
kg biomass
Reaksi dari pertumbuhan sel pada kondisi aerob :

(Atkinson, hal 182)
C6H12O6 + a NH3 + b O2
Yc CH1.8O0.5N0.17 + x CO2 + c H2O
Dari data yang ada maka didapatkan koefisien reksi sebagai berikut :
Yc
=
1.902
a
=
0.323
b
=
3.960
c
=
4.773
x
=
4.098
Biomass akhir
=
0.259 kg biomass
24.18 kg/kmol
=
0.011 kmol
Gula terkonsumsi
=
=
=
1
1.902
0.006
1.02
Kebutuhan oksigen dari reaksi
Massa CH1.8O0.5N0.17 yang terbentuk
CO2 yang terbentuk
=
=
=
massa H20
=
=
=
NH3 yang dibutuhkan
=
=
=
Aliran <18>
Massa udara kering masuk
4.098
1.902
0.023
1.017
4.773
1.902
0.027
0.485
0.323
1.90
0.0018
0.031
x
kmol
kg
=
0.011
kmol
=
=
3.960
1.902
0.022
0.71
kmol
kg
=
=
0.011
0.26
kmol
kg
0.011
kmol
0.011
kmol
0.011
kmol
0.01
kmol
kg
x
kmol
kg
x
kmol
kg
massa O2 yang dibutuhkan

100
x
21
=
100
x
0.71
kg
21
1 - XH2O
=
3.404
kg
=
Menghitung uap air yang terbawa udara XH2O:
T= 32
C
=
305.15 K
P=
1
atm =
Antoine Constant for Water
A= 18.304
B=
3816.44
C=
-46.13
ln(Psat) = A- B/(C+T)
ln(Psat) =
18.30
3816.440
-46.130
+
305.15
ln(Psat) =
3.57
=
A-10
760.00 mmHg
Psat =
35.50
RH =
70%
RH = PH2O/Psat H2O
PH2O =
0.70
PH2O =
0.033
XH2O = PH2O / Ptotal
mmHg
0.047
atm
PH2O = RH x Psat H2O

x
0.047
XH2O =
0.033
Massa udara total yang masuk = Massa udara kering masuk / (1 - XH2O)
Massa udara total masuk =
3.404
1.00
0.033
Massa udara total masuk =
3.519
kg
Massa air =
0.115
kg
Aliran <16>
Asumsi :
Urea
(NH4)H2PO4
Massa nutrient
Nutrient sisa
2) Aliran massa keluar

Aliran <20>
Komponen
CO2
=
Udara
=
total
Aliran <19>
Komponen
Air
Karbohidrat
Protein
Fiber
Impurities
-amilase
Dextrin
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Maltosa
Glukosa
Biomass
Nutrient sisa
total
=
=
=
=
=
1 % dari glukosa (jumali)

0.2 % dari glukosa
(NH4)H2PO4
Urea
+
102.25
+
20.45
122.71 kg
=
=
122.71
122.67
kg
0.031
Keluar (kg)
1.017
2.689
3.706
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Tabel A.7 Neraca Massa pada Seed Tank

MASUK
Komponen
Massa (kg)
aliran <14>
Air
61369.21
Karbohidrat
24.97
Protein
352.48
Fiber
234.99
Impurities
440.60
Keluar (kg)
61,369.81
24.97
352.48
234.99
440.60
29.96
284.63
0.90
0.07
500.73
10,224.46
0.29
122.67
73,586.55
KELUAR
Komponen
Massa (kg)
aliran <20>
Udara
2.69
CO2
1.02
aliran <19>
Air
61369.81
Karbohidrat
24.97
A-11
-amilase
Dextrin
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Maltosa
Glukosa
29.96
284.63
0.90
0.07
500.73
10225.47
aliran <17>
S.cereviceae
0.03
aliran <18>
Udara
3.52
aliran <16>
Nutrient
Total
Protein
Fiber
Impurities
-amilase
Dextrin
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Maltosa
Glukosa
Biomass
Nutrient sisa
352.48
234.99
440.60
29.96
284.63
0.90
0.07
500.73
10224.46
0.29
122.67
Total
73590.25
122.71
73590.25
8. Fermentor Tank (R-220)

Basis :
1 hari
Antifoam
22
37
15
90% dari
Sterilization
CO2
Fermentor Tank
Rotary Vacuum Filter
Seeding Tank
23
19
Urea dan (NH4)H2PO4

21
Fungsi : mengonversi gula menjadi ethanol

Aliran <19>
Komponen
a. Air
b. Karbohidrat
c. Protein
d. Fiber
e. Impurities
f. -amilase
g. dextrin
h Glukoamilase
i H2SO4
j Maltosa
k Glukosa
l Biomass
m Nutrient sisa
Total
Aliran <15>
Komponen
Air
Karbohidrat
Protein
Fiber
Impurities
-amilase
Dextrin
Masuk (kg)
552,322.93
224.71
3,172.31
2,114.87
3,965.39
269.65
2,561.64
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Massa
61,369.81
24.97
352.48
234.99
440.60
29.96
284.63
0.90
0.07
500.73
10,224.46
0.29
122.67
73,586.55
fraksi
0.8354
0.0003
0.0048
0.0032
0.0060
0.0004
0.0039
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
s.g
1.000
1.530
1.460
0.730
1.653
0.000
1.038
A-12
fraksi x s.g
0.8354
0.0005
0.0070
0.0023
0.0099
0.0000
0.0040
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Maltosa
Glukosa
Total
8.09
0.59
4,506.59
92,029.27
661,176.03
larutan
Volume larutan
0.000012
0.000001
0.0068
0.1392
1.0000
0.000
1.834
1.540
1.540
=
=
=
(fraksi.s.g) x air
1.0840
x
3
1,084.01 kg/m
661,176.03
1,084.01
609.93
0.0000
0.0000
0.0105
0.2144
1.0840
kg/m
1000
kg
kg/m3
3
m
Reaksi
a) C6H12O6
S. cereviceae
2C2H5OH + 2CO2
b) 2C6H12O6 + H2O
2C3H8O3 + CH3COOH- +C2H5OH+2CO2
c) C6H12O6
C3H8O3 + CH3CHO + CO2
untuk reaksi (a)

Asumsi :
Konversi glukosa
C6H12O6 total yang tersedia
=
=
=
C6H12O6 bereaksi
=
=
=
=
C6H12O6 sisa
95%
(Atkinson , hal. 190 )
102,253.7
kg
180
kg/kmol
568.08
kmol
95%
x
95%
x
539.67
97,141.04
C6H12O6 total yang tersedia

568.08
kmol
kmol
kg
C6H12O6 total yang tersedia - C6H12O6 bereaksi
=
=
102,253.73
5,112.69 kg
C2H5OH terbentuk
=
=
=
=
2
x
2
x
1,079.34 kmol
49,649.9 kg
C6H12O6 bereaksi
539.67
kmol
CO2 terbentuk
=
=
=
=
2
x
2
x
1,079.34 kmol
47,491.2 kg
C6H12O6 bereaksi
539.67
kmol
Perhitungan fusel oil

C6H12O6 sisa
Asumsi:
fusel oil yang terbentuk
=
=
=
=
=
97,141.04
5,112.686 kg
0.85%
0.85
100
0.85
100
43.458
glukosa
(Prescot hal 128)
C6H12O6 sisa
x
x
5,112.69
kg
A-13
kg
fusel oil terdiri dari :

Amyl Alkohol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Butanol
Propanol
Ethanol
C6H12O6 sisa
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.30
13.037
0.33
14.124
0.15
6.519
0.125
5.432
0.10
4.346
5,069.229
untuk reaksi (b)

Asumsi :
Konversi glukosa
C6H12O6 total-sisa (yang tersedia)
43.458
kg
43.458
kg
43.458
kg
43.458
kg
43.458
kg
=
=
95%
5,069.23
180
28.16
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
=
C6H12O6 bereaksi
=
=
=
=
C6H12O6 sisa
=
=
=
H2O mula-mula
95%
x
95%
x
26.75 kmol
4,815.77 kg
kg
kg/kmol
kmol
C6H12O6 total-sisa (yang tersedia)

28.16
kmol
C6H12O6 total-sisa (yang tersedia) - C6H12O6 bereaksi

5,069.23
4,815.77
253.46 kg
613,693 kg
18.00 kg/kmol
34,094.0 kmol
H2O bereaksi
=
=
=
=
0.50
0.50
13.38
240.79
H2O tersisa
=
=
=
=
C2H5OH terbentuk
=
=
=
=
CO2 terbentuk
=
=
=
=
C6H12O6 bereaksi
1
x
1
x
26.75
kmol
26.75
kmol
1,177.19 kg
C3H8O3 terbentuk
=
=
=
=
1
x
1
x
26.75 kmol
2,461.39 kg
x
x
kmol
kg
H2O mula-mula
34,094.0 kmol
34,080.7 kmol
613,452 kg
0.50
0.50
13.38
615.35
C6H12O6 bereaksi
26.75
kmol
H2O bereaksi
13.38 kmol
C6H12O6 bereaksi
x
x
26.75
kmol
kmol
kg
C6H12O6 bereaksi
26.75
kmol
A-14
CH3COOH terbentuk
=
=
=
=
0.50
0.50
13.38
802.63
untuk reaksi ( c )
Asumsi :
Konversi glukosa
C6H12O6 total yang (tersedia)
x
x
kmol
kg
=
=
=
C6H12O6 bereaksi
26.75
kmol
95%
253.46
180
1.41
kg
kg/kmol
kmol
C6H12O6 bereaksi
=
=
=
=
C6H12O6 sisa
=
=
=
C3H8O3 terbentuk
=
=
=
=
1
1
1.34
123.07
x
x
kmol
kg
C6H12O6 bereaksi
1.338
kmol
CH3CHO terbentuk
=
=
=
=
1
1
1.34
58.86
x
x
kmol
kg
C6H12O6 bereaksi
1.338
kmol
CO2 terbentuk
=
=
=
=
1
1
1.34
58.86
x
x
kmol
kg
C6H12O6 bereaksi
1.338
kmol
Aliran <22>
Asumsi antifoam yang ditambahkan
=
=
=
95%
95%
1.338
240.79
C6H12O6 total yang (tersedia)

1.41
kmol
C6H12O6 total yang (tersedia) - C6H12O6 sisa

253.46 kg
240.79 kg
12.67 kg
1%
1
100
736
Aliran <21>
Asumsi :
Urea
=
0.50%
massa nutrient yang dibutuhkan :
Urea
=
0.50%
x ( 10,224
=
511.27
kg
(NH4)H2PO4 = 0.1% dari glukosa
=
0.10%
x (
=
102.25
kg
x
x
kmol
kg
10,224
x
x
massa media masuk fermentor

73,586.55 kg
kg
dari glukosa
92,029.3
92,029.3
A-15
) kg
) kg
Aliran <37>
CO2 terbentuk
=
47,491
= 48,727.223
Aliran <23>
C2H5OH terbentuk
= 49,649.87
= 50,269.56
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
Komponen
Air
Karbohidrat
Protein
Fiber
Impurities
-amilase
dextrin
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Maltosa
Glukosa
total
=
+
kg
=
+
kg
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
CO2 terbentuk dari reaksi (a),(b),( c )(kg)

1,177.19
+
58.86
kg
(Paturau hal 241)

aliran <14> dari reaksi ( a ) dan ( b ) + fusel oil
615.35
+
4.346
kg
Massa (kg)
613,451.96
249.67
3,524.79
2,349.86
4,405.98
299.61
2,846.27
8.99
0.6523
5,007.32
12.67
632,157.77
Tabel A.8 Neraca Massa pada Fermentor Tank

MASUK
KELUAR
Komponen
Massa (kg)
Komponen
Massa (kg)
aliran <19>
aliran <37>
Air
61369.81
CO2
48727.22
Karbohidrat
24.97
Aliran <23>
Protein
352.48
C2H5OH
50269.56
Fiber
234.99
Amyl Alkohol
13.04
Impurities
440.60
Isoamyl Alkohol
14.12
-amilase
29.96
Butanol
6.52
Dextrin
284.63
Propanol
5.43
Glukoamilase
0.90
C3H8O3
2584.46
H2SO4
0.07
CH3COOH
802.63
Maltosa
500.73
Air
613451.96
Glukosa
10224.46
Karbohidrat
249.67
Biomass
0.29
Protein
3524.79
Nutrien sisa
122.67
Fiber
2349.86
Aliran <15>
Impurities
4405.98
Air
552322.93
-amilase
299.61
Karbohidrat
224.71
Dextrin
2846.27
Protein
3172.31
Glukoamilase
8.99
Fiber
2114.87
H2SO4
0.65
Impurities
3965.39
Maltosa
5007.32
-amilase
269.65
Glukosa
12.67
Dextrin
2561.64
Biomass
736.48
Glukoamilase
8.09
Antifoam
735.87
H2SO4
0.59
CH3CHO
58.86
Maltosa
4506.59
Glukosa
92029.27
Aliran <22>
Antifoam
735.87
Aliran <21>
A-16
Urea
(NH4)H2PO4
Total
511.27
102.25
736111.96
Total
736111.96
9. Rotary Vacuum Filter (H-224)

Fermentor
23
Rotary Vacuum
Filter
Broth Tank
25
24
Sludge
Fungsi : Memisahkan ampas dan biomass menuju campuran broth
Aliran <23>
Komponen
Massa (kg)
a. C2H5OH
=
50,269.560
b. Amyl Alkohol
=
13.037
c. Isoamyl Alkohol
=
14.124
d. Butanol
=
6.519
e. Propanol
=
5.432
f. C3H8O3
=
2,584.462
g. CH3COOH
=
802.628
h. Air
=
613,451.958
i. Karbohidrat
=
249.672
j. Protein
=
3,524.788
k. Fiber
=
2,349.858
l. Impurities
=
4,405.985
m. -amilase
=
299.610
n. Dextrin
=
2,846.266
o. Glukoamilase
=
8.988
p. H2SO4
=
0.652
q. Maltosa
=
5,007.320
r. Glukosa
=
12.673
s. Biomass
=
736.484
t. Antifoam
=
735.865
u. CH3CHO
=
58.859
Aliran <24>
Asumsi :
Filtrat yang terikut pada sludge = 5% dari yang masuk
C2H5OH
=
0.05
x
50,269.56
= 2,513.48 kg
Amyl Alkohol
=
0.05
x
13.04
=
0.652 kg
Isoamyl Alkohol
=
0.05
x
14.12
=
0.706 kg
Butanol
=
0.05
x
6.52
=
0.326 kg
Propanol
=
0.05
x
5.43
=
0.272 kg
C3H8O3
=
0.05
x
2,584.46
=
129.223 kg
CH3COOH
=
0.05
x
802.63
=
40.131 kg
CH3CHO
=
0.05
x
58.86
A-17
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
Air
Maltosa
Glukosa
Sludge
Karbohidrat
Protein
Fiber
Impurities
-amilase
Dextrin
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Biomass
Antifoam
Aliran <25>
C2H5OH
Amyl Alkohol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Butanol
Propanol
C3H8O3
CH3COOH
CH3CHO
Air
Maltosa
Glukosa
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
2.943
0.05
30,672.6
0.05
250.4
0.05
0.6
kg
x
613,452.0
kg
5,007.3
kg
12.7
kg
50,269.56
kg
13.04
kg
14.12
kg
6.52
kg
5.43
kg
2,584.46
kg
802.63
kg
58.86
kg
613,452.0
kg
5,007.3
kg
12.7
kg
kg
kg
kg
249.672
3,524.788
2,349.858
4,405.985
299.610
2,846.266
8.988
0.652
736.484
735.865
0.95
47,756.1
0.95
12.385
0.95
13.418
0.95
6.193
0.95
5.161
0.95
2,455.24
0.95
762.50
0.95
55.916
0.95
582,779
0.95
4,757.0
0.95
12.0
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
Tabel A.9 Neraca Massa Rotary Vacuum Filter

MASUK
Komponen
Massa (kg)
aliran <23>
C2H5OH
50269.56
Amyl Alkohol
13.04
Isoamyl Alkohol
14.12
Butanol
6.52
Propanol
5.43
C3H8O3
2584.46
CH3COOH
802.63
CH3CHO
58.86
Air
613451.96
KELUAR (kg)
Sludge
Filtrat
aliran <24>
Aliran <25>
2513.48
47756.08
0.65
12.39
0.71
13.42
0.33
6.19
0.27
5.16
129.22
2455.24
40.13
762.50
2.94
55.92
30672.60
582779.36
A-18
Karbohidrat
Protein
Fiber
Impurities
-amilase
Dextrin
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Maltosa
Glukosa
Biomass
Antifoam
Total
249.67
3524.79
2349.86
4405.98
299.61
2846.27
8.99
0.65
5007.32
12.67
736.48
735.87
687384.74
249.67
3524.79
2349.86
4405.98
299.61
2846.27
8.99
0.65
250.37
0.63
736.48
735.87
4756.95
12.04
687384.74
10. Broth Tank (F-230)
26
25
Fungsi :
Stripper
Column
Broth Tank
Screen Filter
Tempat menampung broth fermentasi yang dihasilkan dari

proses batch untuk dilanjutkan ke proses kontinyu sehingga
massa masuk = massa keluar
Tabel A.10 Neraca Massa Pada Broth Tank

Komponen
C2H5OH
Amyl Alkohol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Butanol
Propanol
C3H8O3
CH3COOH
CH3CHO
Air
Maltosa
Glukosa
Total
Masuk (kg)
Aliran <25>
47,756.08
12.39
13.42
6.19
5.16
2,455.24
762.50
55.92
582,779.36
4,756.95
12.04
638,615.24
Keluar (kg)
Aliran <26>
47,756.08
12.39
13.42
6.19
5.16
2,455.24
762.50
55.92
582,779.36
4,756.95
12.04
638,615.24
11. Stripper Column (D-310A)
A-19
basis perhitungan
massa
=
=
=
1 jam
638,615.24
26,608.97
kg/hari
kg/jam
28
Stripper
Column
Broth Tank
27
29
Fungsi :
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Memisahkan ethanol dari gula-gula berat sehingga didapat ethanol 40-50%

Boiling Point
(K)
293.00
351.40
B
37.270
86.486
-4,073.050
-7,931.100
Propanol
370.30
79.463
-8,294.910
Air
373.15
65.928
-7,227.530
Butanol
390.90
108.826
-10,069.500
CH3COOH
391.10
61.341
-6,768.880
Isoamyl Alc
405.20
14.697
-3,026.420
Amyl Alkohol
411.10
152.452
-12,447.200
C3H8O3
562.00
169.211
-16,893.700
Glukosa
617.00
254.410
-31,423.000
Maltosa
735.00
61.210
-12,433.000
Ket : data diambil dari Hysys 7.3 (ln Psat=A+B/(T+C)+D*ln(T)+E*T^F),
dimana Psat dalam kPa dan T dalam K
FEED <27>
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
BM
44
46
60
18
74
60
88
88
92
180
342
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-104.1
0
0
0
0
Massa (kg/jam) kmol

2.330
0.053
1,989.837
43.257
0.215
0.004
24,282.473
1,349.026
0.258
0.003
31.771
0.530
0.559
0.006
0.516
0.006
102.302
1.112
0.502
0.003
198.206
0.580
26,608.968
1,394.580
Perhitungan i menggunakan metode UNIFAC

o
Tbulb trial =
80.47 C
=
Main Group
k
Rk
CH3
1
0.9011
CH2
2
0.6744
CH
3
0.4469
353.62
Qk
A-20
-3.362 3.81E-06
-10.250 6.39E-06
2.000
2.000
-8.910
-7.177
-13.257
-6.727
0.000
-19.787
-21.813
-31.006
-6.019
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
6
6
XFi
3.80E-05
0.031
2.57E-06
0.967
2.50E-06
3.80E-04
4.56E-06
4.21E-06
7.97E-04
2.00E-06
4.16E-04
1.000
K
0.848
0.540
0.228
1.82E-06
4.03E-06
4.38E-06
4.84E-06
0.00E+00
9.03E-06
1.14E-05
6.24E-18
2.25E-19
OH
H 2O
CH3CO
HC=O
CH-O
15
17
19
21
27
vk(1)
vk(2)
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1.0000
0.9200
1.6724
0.9980
0.6908
vk(3)
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(4)
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
1.200
1.400
1.488
0.948
0.468
vk(5)
1
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(6)
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
vk(7)
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
vk(8)
1
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(9)
0
2
1
3
0
0
0
0
Mencari nilai ri dan qi melalui persamaan :
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ri
1.8991
2.5755
3.2499
0.9200
3.9243
2.6724
4.5979
4.5987
4.7957
8.4600
14.5495
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Mencari nilai eki melalui persamaan :

k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
()
()
qi
1.7960
2.5880
3.1280
1.4000
3.6680
2.6880
4.2040
4.2080
4.9080
8.4000
13.6800
=
()
eki
i=1
0.5017
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.5557
0.0000
i=2
0.3482
0.2606
0.0000
0.3864
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=3
0.2881
0.4312
0.0000
0.3197
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=4
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6571
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=5
0.2457
0.5516
0.0000
0.2726
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=7
0.4287
0.3208
0.1063
0.2379
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=8
0.2141
0.6411
0.0000
0.2376
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
eki
i=9
0.0000
0.2748
0.0911
0.6112
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=10
0.0000
0.0803
0.2128
0.5952
0.0000
0.0000
0.1188
0.0000
i=11
0.0000
0.0986
0.2287
0.5848
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1515
A-21
i=6
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3720
0.0000
0.6222
0.0000
0.0000
vk(10)
0
1
4
5
0
0
1
0
vk(11)
0
2
7
8
0
0
0
3
Nilai amk dari tabel UNIFAC-VLE Interaction Parameters

amk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
Mencari nilai mk melalui persamaan :

mk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.64
0.43
0.93
0.24
0.79
k=2
0.6347
0.8571
0.9247
0.2813
0.9724
0.8159
1.0087
1.0079
0.7586
0.7040
0.8227
Mencari nilai k melalui persamaan :

k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.0194
0.0156
0.0011
0.0257
0.6158
0.0004
0.0000
0.0006
19
476.40
476.40
476.40
84.00
-195.40
0.00
128.00
191.10
21
27
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
-203.60
28.06
-116.00 540.50
-37.36 -103.60
0.00 304.10
-7.84
0.00
17
19
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.79
1.74
1.00
0.70
0.58
21
0.15
0.15
0.15
1.78
1.39
1.11
1.00
1.02
27
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.92
0.22
1.34
0.42
1.00
k=19
0.5174
0.4630
0.4391
1.1419
0.4222
0.9155
0.4101
0.4097
0.5771
0.6283
0.6345
k=21
0.6296
0.7769
0.6746
0.9123
0.6024
1.3531
0.5492
0.5487
1.1410
1.2206
1.2432
k=27
0.4815
0.6559
0.6485
0.1425
0.6433
1.1776
0.6400
0.6395
0.7443
0.7440
0.8524
3
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.64
0.43
0.93
0.24
0.79
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.64
0.43
0.93
0.24
0.79
=
0.06
0.06
0.06
1.00
1.91
0.63
0.22
0.51
ik
k=15
0.1553
0.4238
0.3639
1.2561
0.3216
0.7628
0.2904
0.2902
0.6337
0.6399
0.6823
k=3
0.6347
0.8571
0.9247
0.2813
0.9724
0.8159
1.0087
1.0079
0.7586
0.7040
0.8227
15
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.37
1.00
0.26
0.26
2.43
k=1
0.6347
0.8571
0.9247
0.2813
0.9724
0.8159
1.0087
1.0079
0.7586
0.7040
0.8227
17
1318.00
1318.00
1318.00
353.50
0.00
472.50
480.80
-314.70
k
1
Mencari nilai ik melalui persamaan :

i
k
15
986.50
986.50
986.50
0.00
-229.10
164.50
529.00
237.70
3
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
A-22
k=17
0.1547
0.1568
0.1350
0.6571
0.1195
0.3004
0.1081
0.1080
0.2337
0.2566
0.5920
Mencari nilai sk melalui persamaan :
sk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.3172
0.3172
0.3172
1.2055
0.6277
1.1005
0.9070
0.1762
Mencari nilai ln iC melalui persamaan :

=
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ji
1.9361
2.6257
3.3133
0.9379
4.0008
2.7245
4.6876
4.6884
4.8892
8.6250
14.8333
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
= 1 5 1
Li
1.2426
1.7906
2.1643
0.9687
2.5379
1.8598
2.9087
2.9115
3.3958
5.8119
9.4651
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ln iR
1.6451
2.4282
3.5622
0.4560
4.7527
0.8249
5.9784
5.9796
2.9152
4.5659
7.1908
Mencari nilai ln i melalui persamaan : = exp( + )

i
1
2
3
4
5
i
5.6875
6.5796
18.0277
1.6847
53.3053
ln iC
Mencari nilai ln iR melalui persamaan : = 1

i
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
A-23
0.0932
-0.5442
-0.6703
0.0656
-0.7766
-0.6073
-0.8634
-0.8716
-2.0416
-3.8759
-5.7696
6
7
8
9
10
11
1.2430
166.4947
165.3403
2.3954
1.9937
4.1424
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Kondisi Operasi :
Tbulb
=
Ki = Pi sat x i/P
yi = xi x Ki
=
80.470
Ln Pi
6.50
4.71
3.95
3.88
3.11
3.33
2.57
2.27
-5.14
-16.39
-9.27
DISTILAT <28>
Mengurutkan komponen berdasarkan Ki
Komponen
Ki
CH3CHO
37.3759
Isoamyl Alkohol
21.4306
Amyl Alkohol
15.7875
Butanol
11.7430
Propanol
9.2343
C2H5OH (LK)
7.2010
Air (HK)
0.8030
CH3COOH
0.3432
C3H8O3
1.39E-04
Maltosa
3.86E-06
Glukosa
1.50E-09
Total
Perhitungan Tray Minimum (Nmin)
Nmin =
mmHg
=
101.32
kPa
353.620 K
= Ki / Kheavy key
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
760
C
1
1
Pi
665.8675
110.8934
51.9013
48.2925
22.3215
27.9782
13.0422
9.6750
0.0059
7.628E-08
9.449E-05
i
46.548
26.690
19.662
14.625
11.500
8.968
1.000
0.427
1.73E-04
4.81E-06
1.87E-09
i
46.548
8.968
11.500
1.000
14.625
0.427
26.690
19.662
1.73E-04
1.87E-09
4.81E-06
Ki
37.3759
7.2010
9.2343
0.8030
11.7430
0.3432
21.4306
15.7875
1.39E-04
1.50E-09
3.86E-06
k
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.999
0.152
0.006
2.86E-16
2.18E-22
8.39E-36
kmol
0.053
0.006
0.006
0.003
0.004
43.214
204.708
0.003
0.000
6.07E-25
4.86E-36
/
1 + / 1
3.933021595
Perhitungan Tdew pada Distilat

Komponen
BM
CH3CHO
44
C2H5OH
46
Propanol
60
Air
18
Butanol
74
CH3COOH
60
massa
2.33
0.56
0.52
0.26
0.21
1,987.85
3,684.74
0.20
2.93E-14
2.07E-22
8.76E-34
5,676.67
Perhitungan k yang keluar pada Distilat

=
Massa (kg/jam) kmol

2.330
0.053
1,987.847
43.214
0.215
0.004
3,684.741
204.708
0.258
0.003
0.200
0.003
A-24
yD
2.14E-04
0.174
1.44E-05
0.825
1.41E-05
1.34E-05
yi
1.419E-03
2.234E-01
2.373E-05
7.767E-01
2.936E-05
1.303E-04
9.763E-05
6.639E-05
1.108E-07
3.000E-15
1.605E-09
1.00
yD
4.1E-04
9.8E-05
9.1E-05
4.5E-05
3.8E-05
0.350
0.649
3.5E-05
5.2E-18
3.7E-26
1.5E-37
1.000
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
88
88
92
180
342
0.559
0.516
0.000
0.000
0.000
5,676.665

o
Tdew trial =
77.71 C
=
Main Group
k
Rk
CH3
1
0.9011
CH2
2
0.6744
CH
3
0.4469
OH
15
1.0000
H 2O
17
0.9200
CH3CO
19
1.6724
HC=O
21
0.9980
CH-O
27
0.6908
vk(1)
vk(2)
vk(3)
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.006
0.006
0.000
0.000
0.000
247.997
350.86
Qk
2.56E-05
2.36E-05
1.28E-18
1.96E-38
2.45E-27
1.000
K
0.848
0.540
0.228
1.200
1.400
1.488
0.948
0.468
vk(4)
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
vk(5)
1
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(6)
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
vk(7)
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
vk(8)
1
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(9)
0
2
1
3
0
0
0
0
Mencari nilai ri dan qi :

i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ri
1.8991
2.5755
3.2499
0.9200
3.9243
2.6724
4.5979
4.5987
4.7957
8.4600
14.5495
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
qi
1.7960
2.5880
3.1280
1.4000
3.6680
2.6880
4.2040
4.2080
4.9080
8.4000
13.6800
Mencari nilai eki :

k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
eki
i=1
0.5017
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.5557
0.0000
i=2
0.3482
0.2606
0.0000
0.3864
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=3
0.2881
0.4312
0.0000
0.3197
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=4
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6571
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
A-25
i=5
0.2457
0.5516
0.0000
0.2726
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=6
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3720
0.0000
0.6222
0.0000
0.0000
vk(10)
0
1
4
5
0
0
1
0
vk(11)
0
2
7
8
0
0
0
3
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
i=7
0.4287
0.3208
0.1063
0.2379
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=8
0.2141
0.6411
0.0000
0.2376
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
eki
i=9
0.0000
0.2748
0.0911
0.6112
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=10
0.0000
0.0803
0.2128
0.5952
0.0000
0.0000
0.1188
0.0000
i=11
0.0000
0.0986
0.2287
0.5848
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1515

amk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
2
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
3
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.64
0.43
0.93
0.24
0.79
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.64
0.43
0.93
0.24
0.79
3
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.64
0.43
0.93
0.24
0.79
k=2
0.6332
0.8562
0.9240
0.2795
0.9718
0.8147
1.0081
1.0074
0.7573
0.7024
0.8212
k=3
0.6332
0.8562
0.9240
0.2795
0.9718
0.8147
1.0081
1.0074
0.7573
0.7024
0.8212
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
k
15
986.50
986.50
986.50
0.00
-229.10
164.50
529.00
237.70
17
1318.00
1318.00
1318.00
353.50
0.00
472.50
480.80
-314.70
19
476.40
476.40
476.40
84.00
-195.40
0.00
128.00
191.10
21
27
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
-203.60
28.06
-116.00 540.50
-37.36 -103.60
0.00 304.10
-7.84
0.00
17
19
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.79
1.75
1.00
0.69
0.58
21
0.15
0.15
0.15
1.79
1.39
1.11
1.00
1.02
27
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.92
0.21
1.34
0.42
1.00
k=19
0.5149
0.4607
0.4366
1.1469
0.4197
0.9150
0.4074
0.4070
0.5752
0.6264
0.6323
k=21
0.6285
0.7787
0.6756
0.9146
0.6028
1.3567
0.5492
0.5487
1.1452
1.2248
1.2472
k=27
0.4786
0.6540
0.6463
0.1408
0.6410
1.1793
0.6375
0.6370
0.7429
0.7425
0.8511
Mencari nilai mk :
mk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
15
0.06
0.06
0.06
1.00
1.92
0.63
0.22
0.51
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.37
1.00
0.26
0.25
2.45
Mencari nilai ik :
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
k=1
0.6332
0.8562
0.9240
0.2795
0.9718
0.8147
1.0081
1.0074
0.7573
0.7024
0.8212
ik
k=15
0.1532
0.4230
0.3629
1.2625
0.3205
0.7613
0.2893
0.2890
0.6332
0.6392
0.6814
Mencari nilai k :
A-26
k=17
0.1529
0.1553
0.1335
0.6571
0.1182
0.2977
0.1068
0.1067
0.2317
0.2544
0.5926
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
0.097868
0.0732
0.0000
0.1085
0.4725
0.0000
0.0001
0.0000
Mencari nilai sk :
k
sk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.4415
0.4415
0.4415
1.0265
0.5161
0.9541
0.8764
0.2850
Mencari nilai ln iC :
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ji
1.5708
2.1303
2.6882
0.7610
3.2460
2.2105
3.8032
3.8038
3.9668
6.9977
12.0347
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Li
1.1174
1.6101
1.9461
0.8710
2.2821
1.6724
2.6156
2.6180
3.0536
5.2261
8.5111
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Mencari nilai ln iR :
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ln iC
ln iR
1.0679
1.4023
2.1272
0.4415
2.9087
0.5213
3.7259
3.7266
1.6169
2.6971
2.6851
A-27
0.0146
-0.5724
-0.7767
0.3001
-0.9613
-0.6353
-1.1279
-1.1343
-2.0485
-4.0206
-6.4125
Mencari nilai ln i :
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
i
2.9522
2.2931
3.8593
2.0991
7.0104
0.8923
13.4371
13.3593
0.6495
0.2662
0.0241
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Kondisi Operasi :
T dew
=
sat
Ki = Pi x i/P
yi = xi x Ki
=
77.706
760
C
mmHg
=
101.32
kPa
350.856 K
= Ki / Kheavy key
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
Ln Pi
Pi
6.43
4.60
3.83
3.76
2.98
3.22
2.43
2.13
-5.36
-16.85
-9.50
619.7382
99.4704
46.1045
43.1516
19.6231
25.1277
11.3852
8.4141
0.0047
4.828E-08
7.509E-05
k
1.54E-06
1.37E-05
4.57E-05
1.46E-04
3.76E-04
0.001
0.848
0.994
1.000
1.000
1.000
kmol
8.15E-08
8.72E-08
2.68E-07
5.10E-07
1.35E-06
0.043
1,144.318
0.526
1.112
0.580
0.003
1.15E+03
Ki
18.0567
2.2511
1.7561
0.8940
1.3577
0.2213
1.5098
1.1094
3.00E-05
1.27E-10
1.78E-08
i
20.198
2.518
1.964
1.000
1.519
0.248
1.689
1.241
3.36E-05
1.42E-10
1.99E-08
BOTTOM <29>
Perhitungan k yang keluar pada Bottom
Komponen
CH3CHO
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
Butanol
Propanol
C2H5OH (LK)
Air (HK)
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Total
Perhitungan Tbulb pada Bottom
Komponen
BM
CH3CHO
44
C2H5OH
46
Propanol
60
Massa (kg/jam) kmol

3.59E-06
1.990
0.000
0.000
0.043
0.000
A-28
massa
3.59E-06
7.67E-06
2.36E-05
3.77E-05
8.09E-05
1.990
20,597.733
31.571
102.302
198.206
0.502
20,932.303
xB
7.11E-11
3.77E-05
1.18E-09
xB
1.71E-10
3.67E-10
1.13E-09
1.80E-09
3.86E-09
9.51E-05
9.84E-01
1.51E-03
4.89E-03
9.47E-03
2.40E-05
1.000
xi
1.18E-05
0.077
8.23E-06
0.923
1.04E-05
6.06E-05
1.70E-05
2.13E-05
4.28E-14
1.55E-28
1.37E-19
1.00
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
18
74
60
88
88
92
180
342
20,597.733
0.000
31.571
0.000
0.000
102.302
0.502
198.206
20,932.303

o
Tbulb trial =
86.91 C
=
Main Group
k
Rk
CH3
1
0.9011
CH2
2
0.6744
CH
3
0.4469
OH
15
1.0000
H 2O
17
0.9200
CH3CO
19
1.6724
HC=O
21
0.9980
CH-O
27
0.6908
vk(1)
vk(2)
vk(3)
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
1,144.318
0.000
0.526
0.000
0.000
1.112
0.003
0.580
1,146.582
360.06
Qk
0.998
4.45E-10
4.59E-04
7.61E-11
2.34E-10
9.70E-04
2.43E-06
5.05E-04
1.000
K
0.848
0.540
0.228
1.200
1.400
1.488
0.948
0.468
vk(4)
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
vk(5)
1
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(6)
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
vk(7)
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
vk(8)
1
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(9)
0
2
1
3
0
0
0
0

i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ri
1.8991
2.5755
3.2499
0.9200
3.9243
2.6724
4.5979
4.5987
4.7957
8.4600
14.5495
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
qi
1.7960
2.5880
3.1280
1.4000
3.6680
2.6880
4.2040
4.2080
4.9080
8.4000
13.6800
Mencari nilai eki :

k
1
2
3
15
17
19
eki
i=1
0.5017
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=2
0.3482
0.2606
0.0000
0.3864
0.0000
0.0000
i=3
0.2881
0.4312
0.0000
0.3197
0.0000
0.0000
i=4
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6571
0.0000
A-29
i=5
0.2457
0.5516
0.0000
0.2726
0.0000
0.0000
i=6
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3720
0.0000
0.6222
vk(10)
0
1
4
5
0
0
1
0
vk(11)
0
2
7
8
0
0
0
3
21
27
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.5557
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=7
0.4287
0.3208
0.1063
0.2379
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=8
0.2141
0.6411
0.0000
0.2376
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
eki
i=9
0.0000
0.2748
0.0911
0.6112
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=10
0.0000
0.0803
0.2128
0.5952
0.0000
0.0000
0.1188
0.0000
i=11
0.0000
0.0986
0.2287
0.5848
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1515
0.0000
0.0000

amk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
2
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
3
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
3
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
k=2
0.6381
0.8590
0.9263
0.2856
0.9738
0.8186
1.0099
1.0091
0.7618
0.7078
0.8262
k=3
0.6381
0.8590
0.9263
0.2856
0.9738
0.8186
1.0099
1.0091
0.7618
0.7078
0.8262
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
k
15
986.50
986.50
986.50
0.00
-229.10
164.50
529.00
237.70
17
1318.00
1318.00
1318.00
353.50
0.00
472.50
480.80
-314.70
19
476.40
476.40
476.40
84.00
-195.40
0.00
128.00
191.10
21
27
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
-203.60
28.06
-116.00 540.50
-37.36 -103.60
0.00 304.10
-7.84
0.00
17
19
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.79
1.72
1.00
0.70
0.59
21
0.15
0.15
0.15
1.76
1.38
1.11
1.00
1.02
27
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.93
0.22
1.33
0.43
1.00
k=19
0.5230
0.4681
0.4447
1.1307
0.4282
0.9168
0.4163
0.4159
0.5815
0.6327
0.6394
k=21
0.6322
0.7730
0.6725
0.9069
0.6015
1.3451
0.5493
0.5488
1.1318
1.2113
1.2341
k=27
0.4883
0.6602
0.6534
0.1465
0.6487
1.1737
0.6457
0.6451
0.7474
0.7474
0.8552
Mencari nilai mk :
mk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
15
0.06
0.06
0.06
1.00
1.89
0.63
0.23
0.52
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.37
1.00
0.27
0.26
2.40
Mencari nilai ik :
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
k=1
0.6381
0.8590
0.9263
0.2856
0.9738
0.8186
1.0099
1.0091
0.7618
0.7078
0.8262
ik
k=15
0.1603
0.4257
0.3661
1.2416
0.3241
0.7660
0.2931
0.2929
0.6349
0.6415
0.6842
Mencari nilai k :
A-30
k=17
0.1591
0.1604
0.1383
0.6571
0.1226
0.3069
0.1111
0.1110
0.2384
0.2618
0.5906
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.0000
0.0014
0.0014
0.0053
0.6511
0.0005
0.0000
0.0007
Mencari nilai sk :
k
sk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.2904
0.2904
0.2904
1.2364
0.6551
1.1262
0.9097
0.1529
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ji
2.0387
2.7648
3.4888
0.9876
4.2127
2.8688
4.9358
4.9367
5.1482
9.0818
15.6189
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Li
1.2735
1.8351
2.2180
0.9927
2.6009
1.9060
2.9810
2.9838
3.4802
5.9563
9.7003
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ln iC
ln iR
1.8410
2.7822
4.0467
0.4753
5.3674
0.9982
6.7231
6.7244
3.4075
5.2976
8.9523
A-31
0.1315
-0.5129
-0.6122
0.0125
-0.6917
-0.5752
-0.7513
-0.7598
-1.9955
-3.7595
-5.4657
i
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
7.1882
9.6725
31.0165
1.6288
107.3080
1.5265
392.2027
389.3786
4.1043
4.6556
32.6760
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Kondisi Operasi :
Tbulb
=
sat
Ki = Pi x i/P
yi = xi x Ki
=
86.906
Ln Pi
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alk.
Amyl Alkohol
Pi
6.66
4.95
4.22
4.13
3.40
3.57
2.87
2.58
-4.62
-15.36
-8.75
Perhitungan Reboiler (E-314A)

V
T dew?
Qreb
Trial V =
mmHg
=
101.32
kPa
360.056 K
= Ki / Kheavy key
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
T buble?
L
760
C
526,994.48
Masuk
L
xL
m
0.000
0.00
0.000
270.99
0.000
0.01
0.999 547,167.4
0.000
0.01
0.000
161.56
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.01
783.5721
141.7337
67.7820
62.2827
29.8313
35.6767
17.6929
13.2413
0.0098
2.138E-07
1.589E-04
i
55.523
13.514
20.724
1.000
31.556
0.537
68.405
50.825
3.97E-04
9.81E-09
5.12E-05
Ki
55.5885
13.5299
20.7487
1.0012
31.5929
0.5375
68.4850
50.8847
3.98E-04
9.82E-09
5.13E-05
Untuk menghitung suhu bawah kolom

Mengikuti Persamaan Flash Calculation :
(-) L = B + V
(-) L xL = B xB + V y
dan energy balance sistem 3
(-) Qreb + L HL = V HV + B HB
Keluar
B
xB
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
V
m
0.00
1.99
0.00
20,597.73
0.00
31.57
0.00
0.00
A-32
y
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.999
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
m
0.00
269.00
0.01
526,569.62
0.01
129.98
0.00
0.01
yi
3.954E-09
5.104E-04
2.440E-08
9.992E-01
1.405E-08
2.467E-04
5.209E-09
1.188E-08
3.855E-07
2.388E-14
2.591E-08
1.00
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
0.000
102.50
0.000
0.50
0.000
198.22
1.00 547,901.2
Perhitungan Tbulb pada aliran L

Komponen
BM
CH3CHO
44
C2H5OH
46
Propanol
60
Air
18
Butanol
74
CH3COOH
60
Isoamyl Alkohol
88
Amyl Alkohol
88
C3H8O3
92
Glukosa
180
Maltosa
342
Total
0.00
0.00
0.01
1.00
vk(2)
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
vk(3)
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(4)
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
360.03
Qk
ri
1.8991
2.5755
3.2499
0.9200
3.9243
2.6724
4.5979
4.5987
4.7957
8.4600
14.5495
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0.20
0.00
0.01
526,968.85
xL
1.56E-09
1.94E-04
7.09E-09
1.000
3.31E-09
8.85E-05
1.03E-09
2.35E-09
3.66E-05
9.16E-08
1.91E-05
1.000
K
0.848
0.540
0.228
1.200
1.400
1.488
0.948
0.468
vk(5)
1
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(6)
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0

i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.00
Massa (kg/jam) kmol

2.09E-03
0.000
2.71E+02
5.891
1.29E-02
0.000
5.47E+05 30,398.186
7.44E-03
0.000
1.62E+02
2.693
2.75E-03
0.000
6.29E-03
0.000
1.03E+02
1.114
5.02E-01
0.003
1.98E+02
0.580
547,901.156 30,408.467

o
Tbulb trial =
86.88 C
=
Main Group
k
Rk
CH3
1
0.9011
CH2
2
0.6744
CH
3
0.4469
OH
15
1.0000
H 2O
17
0.9200
CH3CO
19
1.6724
HC=O
21
0.9980
CH-O
27
0.6908
vk(1)
102.30
0.50
198.21
20,932.30
qi
1.7960
2.5880
3.1280
1.4000
3.6680
2.6880
4.2040
4.2080
4.9080
8.4000
13.6800
A-33
vk(7)
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
vk(8)
1
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(9)
0
2
1
3
0
0
0
0
vk(10)
0
1
4
5
0
0
1
0
vk(11)
0
2
7
8
0
0
0
3
Mencari nilai eki :

k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
eki
i=1
0.5017
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.5557
0.0000
i=2
0.3482
0.2606
0.0000
0.3864
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=3
0.2881
0.4312
0.0000
0.3197
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=4
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6571
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=5
0.2457
0.5516
0.0000
0.2726
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=7
0.4287
0.3208
0.1063
0.2379
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=8
0.2141
0.6411
0.0000
0.2376
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
eki
i=9
0.0000
0.2748
0.0911
0.6112
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=10
0.0000
0.0803
0.2128
0.5952
0.0000
0.0000
0.1188
0.0000
i=11
0.0000
0.0986
0.2287
0.5848
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1515
i=6
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3720
0.0000
0.6222
0.0000
0.0000

amk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
2
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
3
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
3
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
k=2
0.6381
0.8590
0.9263
0.2856
k=3
0.6381
0.8590
0.9263
0.2856
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
k
15
986.50
986.50
986.50
0.00
-229.10
164.50
529.00
237.70
17
1318.00
1318.00
1318.00
353.50
0.00
472.50
480.80
-314.70
19
476.40
476.40
476.40
84.00
-195.40
0.00
128.00
191.10
21
27
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
-203.60
28.06
-116.00 540.50
-37.36 -103.60
0.00 304.10
-7.84
0.00
17
19
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.79
1.72
1.00
0.70
0.59
21
0.15
0.15
0.15
1.76
1.38
1.11
1.00
1.02
27
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.93
0.22
1.33
0.43
1.00
k=19
0.5230
0.4681
0.4447
1.1307
k=21
0.6322
0.7731
0.6725
0.9070
k=27
0.4883
0.6602
0.6534
0.1464
Mencari nilai mk :
mk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
15
0.06
0.06
0.06
1.00
1.89
0.63
0.23
0.52
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.37
1.00
0.27
0.26
2.40
Mencari nilai ik :
i
1
2
3
4
k=1
0.6381
0.8590
0.9263
0.2856
ik
k=15
0.1602
0.4257
0.3661
1.2417
A-34
k=17
0.1591
0.1604
0.1383
0.6571
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0.9738
0.8185
1.0099
1.0091
0.7617
0.7078
0.8262
0.9738
0.8185
1.0099
1.0091
0.7617
0.7078
0.8262
0.9738
0.8185
1.0099
1.0091
0.7617
0.7078
0.8262
0.3241
0.7660
0.2931
0.2929
0.6349
0.6415
0.6842
0.1226
0.3068
0.1111
0.1110
0.2384
0.2618
0.5906
0.4282
0.9168
0.4163
0.4159
0.5815
0.6327
0.6393
Mencari nilai k :
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0004
0.6566
0.0001
0.0000
0.0000
Mencari nilai sk :
k
sk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.2861
0.2861
0.2861
1.2411
0.6568
1.1303
0.9071
0.1470
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ji
2.0623
2.7968
3.5291
0.9990
4.2615
2.9020
4.9930
4.9938
5.2077
9.1869
15.7996
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Li
1.2822
1.8476
2.2332
0.9995
2.6187
1.9190
3.0013
3.0042
3.5039
5.9970
9.7665
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
i
1
2
3
ln iC
ln iR
1.8714
2.8320
4.1143
A-35
0.1334
-0.5138
-0.6101
0.0010
-0.6867
-0.5762
-0.7431
-0.7518
-1.9993
-3.7602
-5.4488
0.6015
1.3451
0.5493
0.5488
1.1318
1.2113
1.2342
0.6487
1.1738
0.6456
0.6451
0.7474
0.7474
0.8552
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0.4796
5.4528
1.0268
6.8262
6.8275
3.4798
5.4108
9.2185
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
i
7.4250
10.1573
33.2545
1.6170
117.4653
1.5692
438.3596
435.1795
4.3952
5.2104
43.3684
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Kondisi Operasi :
Tbulb
=
Ki = Pi sat x i/P
yi = xi x Ki
=
86.879
760
C
mmHg
=
101.32
kPa
360.029 K
= Ki / Kheavy key
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
Perhitungan Tdew pada aliran V
Komponen
BM
CH3CHO
44
C2H5OH
46
Propanol
60
Air
18
Butanol
74
CH3COOH
60
Isoamyl Alkohol
88
Amyl Alkohol
88
C3H8O3
92
Glukosa
180
Maltosa
342
Ln Pi
6.66
4.95
4.22
4.13
3.39
3.57
2.87
2.58
-4.63
-15.36
-8.75
Pi
783.0452
141.5904
67.7076
62.2174
29.7958
35.6409
17.6708
13.2242
0.0098
2.129E-07
1.586E-04
Massa (kg/jam) kmol

2.08E-03
0.000
2.69E+02
5.848
1.29E-02
0.000
5.27E+05 29,253.868
7.40E-03
0.000
1.30E+02
2.166
2.75E-03
0.000
6.26E-03
0.000
2.03E-01
0.002
1.26E-08
0.000
1.37E-02
0.000
A-36
Ki
57.3808
14.1937
22.2215
0.9929
34.5421
0.5519
76.4490
56.7968
4.25E-04
1.09E-08
6.79E-05
yi
1.62E-09
2.00E-04
7.32E-09
1.000
3.42E-09
7.40E-05
1.07E-09
2.43E-09
7.55E-08
2.39E-15
1.36E-09
i
57.793
14.296
22.381
1.000
34.790
0.556
76.998
57.205
4.28E-04
1.10E-08
6.84E-05
yi
8.951E-08
2.750E-03
1.576E-07
9.925E-01
1.142E-07
4.887E-05
7.864E-08
1.334E-07
1.557E-08
1.003E-15
1.294E-09
1.00
Total
526,968.852

o
Tdew trial =
87.07 C
=
Main Group
k
Rk
CH3
1
0.9011
CH2
2
0.6744
CH
3
0.4469
OH
15
1.0000
H 2O
17
0.9200
CH3CO
19
1.6724
HC=O
21
0.9980
CH-O
27
0.6908
vk(1)
vk(2)
vk(3)
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
29,261.885
360.22
Qk
1.000
K
0.848
0.540
0.228
1.200
1.400
1.488
0.948
0.468
vk(4)
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
vk(5)
1
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(6)
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
vk(7)
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
vk(8)
1
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(9)
0
2
1
3
0
0
0
0

i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ri
1.8991
2.5755
3.2499
0.9200
3.9243
2.6724
4.5979
4.5987
4.7957
8.4600
14.5495
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
qi
1.7960
2.5880
3.1280
1.4000
3.6680
2.6880
4.2040
4.2080
4.9080
8.4000
13.6800
Mencari nilai eki :

k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
2
3
eki
i=1
0.5017
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.5557
0.0000
i=2
0.3482
0.2606
0.0000
0.3864
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=3
0.2881
0.4312
0.0000
0.3197
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=4
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6571
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=5
0.2457
0.5516
0.0000
0.2726
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=7
0.4287
0.3208
0.1063
i=8
0.2141
0.6411
0.0000
eki
i=9
0.0000
0.2748
0.0911
i=10
0.0000
0.0803
0.2128
i=11
0.0000
0.0986
0.2287
A-37
i=6
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3720
0.0000
0.6222
0.0000
0.0000
vk(10)
0
1
4
5
0
0
1
0
vk(11)
0
2
7
8
0
0
0
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.2379
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.2376
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6112
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.5952
0.0000
0.0000
0.1188
0.0000
0.5848
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1515

amk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
2
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
3
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
3
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
k=2
0.6382
0.8591
0.9264
0.2857
0.9739
0.8186
1.0099
1.0091
0.7618
0.7079
0.8263
k=3
0.6382
0.8591
0.9264
0.2857
0.9739
0.8186
1.0099
1.0091
0.7618
0.7079
0.8263
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
k
15
986.50
986.50
986.50
0.00
-229.10
164.50
529.00
237.70
17
1318.00
1318.00
1318.00
353.50
0.00
472.50
480.80
-314.70
19
476.40
476.40
476.40
84.00
-195.40
0.00
128.00
191.10
21
27
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
-203.60
28.06
-116.00 540.50
-37.36 -103.60
0.00 304.10
-7.84
0.00
17
19
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.79
1.72
1.00
0.70
0.59
21
0.15
0.15
0.15
1.76
1.38
1.11
1.00
1.02
27
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.93
0.22
1.33
0.43
1.00
k=19
0.5232
0.4682
0.4449
1.1304
0.4284
0.9168
0.4164
0.4161
0.5816
0.6328
0.6395
k=21
0.6323
0.7729
0.6724
0.9068
0.6015
1.3449
0.5493
0.5488
1.1315
1.2111
1.2339
k=27
0.4885
0.6603
0.6536
0.1466
0.6488
1.1736
0.6458
0.6453
0.7475
0.7475
0.8553
Mencari nilai mk :
mk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
15
0.06
0.06
0.06
1.00
1.89
0.63
0.23
0.52
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.37
1.00
0.27
0.26
2.40
Mencari nilai ik :
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
k=1
0.6382
0.8591
0.9264
0.2857
0.9739
0.8186
1.0099
1.0091
0.7618
0.7079
0.8263
ik
k=15
0.1604
0.4258
0.3662
1.2413
0.3242
0.7661
0.2932
0.2929
0.6349
0.6415
0.6843
Mencari nilai k :
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
0.0001
0.0001
0.0000
0.0002
0.6568
0.0001
A-38
k=17
0.1592
0.1605
0.1384
0.6571
0.1227
0.3070
0.1112
0.1111
0.2385
0.2619
0.5905
21
27
0.0000
0.0000
Mencari nilai sk :
k
sk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.2860
0.2860
0.2860
1.2409
0.6569
1.1301
0.9068
0.1469
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ji
2.0632
2.7981
3.5307
0.9995
4.2634
2.9033
4.9952
4.9961
5.2101
9.1910
15.8068
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Li
1.2826
1.8481
2.2338
0.9998
2.6194
1.9195
3.0021
3.0050
3.5049
5.9986
9.7691
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ln iR
1.8725
2.8336
4.1164
0.4798
5.4553
1.0284
6.8291
6.8304
3.4826
5.4154
9.2303
i
1
2
3
4
5
i
7.4332
10.1733
33.3255
1.6165
117.7808
ln iC
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
A-39
0.1335
-0.5139
-0.6101
0.0005
-0.6865
-0.5763
-0.7428
-0.7514
-1.9994
-3.7602
-5.4481
6
7
8
9
10
11
1.5717
439.7778
436.5864
4.4070
5.2343
43.9131
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Kondisi Operasi :
Tdew
=
Ki = Pi sat x i/P
yi = xi x Ki
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
=
87.070
760
C
mmHg
=
101.32
kPa
360.220 K
= Ki / Kheavy key
Ln Pi
6.67
4.96
4.22
4.14
3.40
3.58
2.88
2.59
-4.61
-15.33
-8.73
Pi
786.7713
142.6041
68.2345
62.6797
30.0475
35.8940
17.8276
13.3450
0.0099
2.193E-07
1.610E-04
Ki
57.7176
14.3178
22.4422
1.0000
34.9275
0.5568
77.3766
57.5009
4.32E-04
1.13E-08
6.98E-05
i
57.720
14.318
22.443
1.000
34.929
0.557
77.379
57.503
4.32E-04
1.13E-08
6.98E-05
Sehingga distribusi komponen Feed, Distilat, dan Bottom adalah sebagai berikut :
Komponen
CH3CHO
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
Butanol
Propanol
C2H5OH (LK)
Air (HK)
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Komponen
CH3CHO
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
Butanol
Propanol
C2H5OH (LK)
Air (HK)
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Feed <27>
kmol
massa(kg/jam)
0.053
2.330
0.006
0.559
0.006
0.516
0.003
0.258
0.004
0.215
43.257
1,989.837
1,349.026
24,282.473
0.530
31.771
1.112
102.302
0.580
198.206
0.003
0.502
Bottom <29>
kmol
massa(kg/jam)
8.15E-08
3.59E-06
8.72E-08
7.67E-06
2.68E-07
2.36E-05
5.10E-07
3.77E-05
1.35E-06
8.09E-05
0.043
1.990
1,144.318
20,597.733
0.526
31.571
1.112
102.302
0.580
198.206
0.003
0.502
Tabel A.11 Neraca Massa pada Stripper Column
A-40
Distilat <28>
kmol
massa(kg/jam)
0.053
2.330
0.006
0.559
0.006
0.516
0.003
0.258
0.004
0.215
43.214
1,987.847
204.708
3,684.741
0.003
0.200
3.18E-16
2.93E-14
6.07E-25
2.07E-22
4.86E-36
8.76E-34
xi
2.804E-11
1.396E-05
3.263E-10
9.998E-01
9.790E-11
1.330E-04
1.378E-11
4.230E-11
1.746E-04
2.108E-07
1.955E-05
1.00
Komponen
Feed <27>:
CH3CHO
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
Butanol
Propanol
C2H5OH (LK)
Air (HK)
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Massa Masuk (kg/jam)

2.33
0.56
0.52
0.26
0.22
1989.84
24282.47
31.77
102.30
198.21
0.50
Total
26608.97
Komponen
Distilat<28>:
CH3CHO
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
Butanol
Propanol
C2H5OH (LK)
Air (HK)
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Massa Keluar (kg/jam)

2.33
0.56
0.52
0.26
0.21
1987.85
3684.74
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
Bottom<29>:
CH3CHO
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
Butanol
Propanol
C2H5OH (LK)
Air (HK)
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Total
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.99
20597.73
31.57
102.30
198.21
0.50
26608.97
12. Rectifying Column (D-310B)

30
Stripper Column
Rectifying Column
28
31
Fungsi : untuk mendapatkan ethanol 96% volume

Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alc
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Boiling Point
(K)
293.00
351.40
370.30
373.15
390.90
391.10
405.20
411.10
562.00
617.00
37.270
86.486
-4,073.050
-7,931.100
0.0
0.0
79.463
65.928
108.826
61.341
14.697
152.452
169.211
254.410
-8,294.910
-7,227.530
-10,069.500
-6,768.880
-3,026.420
-12,447.200
-16,893.700
-31,423.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-104.1
0
0
0
A-41
-3.362 3.81E-06
-10.250 6.39E-06
2.000
2.000
-8.910
-7.177
-13.257
-6.727
0.000
-19.787
-21.813
-31.006
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
6
1.82E-06
4.03E-06
4.38E-06
4.84E-06
0.00E+00
9.03E-06
1.14E-05
6.24E-18
Maltosa
735.00
61.210
-12,433.000
Ket : data diambil dari Hysys 7.3 (ln Psat=A+B/(T+C)+D*ln(T)+E*T^F),
dimana Psat dalam kPa dan T dalam K
FEED <28>
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
BM
44
46
60
18
74
60
88
88
92
180
342
Massa (kg/jam) kmol

2.330
0.053
1,987.847
43.214
0.215
0.004
3,684.741
204.708
0.258
0.003
0.200
0.003
0.559
0.006
0.516
0.006
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
5,676.665
247.997

o
Tfeed =
77.71 C
=
Main Group
k
Rk
CH3
1
0.9011
CH2
2
0.6744
CH
3
0.4469
OH
15
1.0000
H 2O
17
0.9200
CH3CO
19
1.6724
HC=O
21
0.9980
CH-O
27
0.6908
vk(1)
vk(2)
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
vk(3)
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(4)
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
350.86
Qk
()
vk(5)
1
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(6)
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ri
1.8991
2.5755
3.2499
0.9200
3.9243
2.6724
4.5979
4.5987
4.7957
8.4600
14.5495
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
yFi
2.14E-04
0.174
1.44E-05
0.825
1.41E-05
1.34E-05
2.56E-05
2.36E-05
1.28E-18
1.96E-38
2.45E-27
1.000
0.848
0.540
0.228
1.200
1.400
1.488
0.948
0.468
()
-6.019 2.25E-19
Mencari nilai ri dan qi melalui persamaan :

=
qi
1.7960
2.5880
3.1280
1.4000
3.6680
2.6880
4.2040
4.2080
4.9080
8.4000
13.6800
A-42
vk(7)
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
vk(8)
1
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(9)
0
2
1
3
0
0
0
0
vk(10)
0
1
4
5
0
0
1
0
vk(11)
0
2
7
8
0
0
0
3
Mencari nilai eki melalui persamaan :

k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
()
eki
i=1
0.5017
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.5557
0.0000
i=2
0.3482
0.2606
0.0000
0.3864
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=3
0.2881
0.4312
0.0000
0.3197
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=4
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6571
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=5
0.2457
0.5516
0.0000
0.2726
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=7
0.4287
0.3208
0.1063
0.2379
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=8
0.2141
0.6411
0.0000
0.2376
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
eki
i=9
0.0000
0.2748
0.0911
0.6112
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=10
0.0000
0.0803
0.2128
0.5952
0.0000
0.0000
0.1188
0.0000
i=11
0.0000
0.0986
0.2287
0.5848
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1515
i=6
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3720
0.0000
0.6222
0.0000
0.0000

amk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
Mencari nilai mk melalui persamaan :

mk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
15
986.50
986.50
986.50
0.00
-229.10
164.50
529.00
237.70
3
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
17
1318.00
1318.00
1318.00
353.50
0.00
472.50
480.80
-314.70
19
476.40
476.40
476.40
84.00
-195.40
0.00
128.00
191.10
21
27
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
-203.60
28.06
-116.00 540.50
-37.36 -103.60
0.00 304.10
-7.84
0.00
17
19
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.79
1.75
1.00
0.69
0.58
21
0.15
0.15
0.15
1.79
1.39
1.11
1.00
1.02
27
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.92
0.21
1.34
0.42
1.00
k=19
0.5149
0.4607
0.4366
k=21
0.6285
0.7787
0.6756
k=27
0.4786
0.6540
0.6463
2
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.64
0.43
0.93
0.24
0.79
Mencari nilai ik melalui persamaan :
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.64
0.43
0.93
0.24
0.79
=
3
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.64
0.43
0.93
0.24
0.79
15
0.06
0.06
0.06
1.00
1.92
0.63
0.22
0.51
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.37
1.00
0.26
0.25
2.45
i
1
2
3
k=1
0.6332
0.8562
0.9240
k=2
0.6332
0.8562
0.9240
k=3
0.6332
0.8562
0.9240
ik
k=15
0.1532
0.4230
0.3629
A-43
k=17
0.1529
0.1553
0.1335
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0.2795
0.9718
0.8147
1.0081
1.0074
0.7573
0.7024
0.8212
0.2795
0.9718
0.8147
1.0081
1.0074
0.7573
0.7024
0.8212
0.2795
0.9718
0.8147
1.0081
1.0074
0.7573
0.7024
0.8212
Mencari nilai k melalui persamaan :

k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.0979
0.0732
0.0000
0.1085
0.4725
0.0000
0.0001
0.0000
Mencari nilai sk melalui persamaan :
1.2625
0.3205
0.7613
0.2893
0.2890
0.6332
0.6392
0.6814
0.6571
0.1182
0.2977
0.1068
0.1067
0.2317
0.2544
0.5926
1.1469
0.4197
0.9150
0.4074
0.4070
0.5752
0.6264
0.6323
sk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.4415
0.4415
0.4415
1.0265
0.5161
0.9541
0.8764
0.2850
Mencari nilai ln iC melalui persamaan :

=
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ji
1.5708
2.1303
2.6882
0.7610
3.2460
2.2105
3.8032
3.8038
3.9668
6.9977
12.0347
=
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
= 1 5 1
Li
1.1174
1.6101
1.9461
0.8710
2.2821
1.6724
2.6156
2.6180
3.0536
5.2261
8.5111
ln iC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
A-44
0.0146
-0.5724
-0.7767
0.3001
-0.9613
-0.6353
-1.1279
-1.1343
-2.0485
-4.0206
-6.4125
0.9146
0.6028
1.3567
0.5492
0.5487
1.1452
1.2248
1.2472
0.1408
0.6410
1.1793
0.6375
0.6370
0.7429
0.7425
0.8511
Mencari nilai ln iR melalui persamaan : = 1
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ln
R
i
1.0679
1.4023
2.1272
0.4415
2.9087
0.5213
3.7259
3.7266
1.6169
2.6971
2.6851
Mencari nilai ln i melalui persamaan : = exp( + )

i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
i
2.9522
2.2931
3.8593
2.0991
7.0104
0.8923
13.4371
13.3593
0.6495
0.2662
0.0241
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Kondisi Operasi :
Tfeed
=
Ki = Pi sat x i/P
yi = xi x Ki
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
=
77.706
760
C
mmHg
=
101.32
kPa
350.856 K
i = Ki / Kheavy key
Ln Pi
6.43
4.60
3.83
3.76
2.98
3.22
2.43
2.13
-5.36
-16.85
-9.50
DISTILAT <30>
Mengurutkan komponen berdasarkan Ki
Komponen
Ki
CH3CHO
18.0567
C2H5OH (LK)
2.2511
Propanol
1.7561
Air (HK)
0.8940
Pi
619.7382
99.4704
46.1045
43.1516
19.6231
25.1277
11.3852
8.4141
0.0047
4.828E-08
7.509E-05
i
20.198
2.518
1.964
1.000
A-45
Ki
18.0567
2.2511
1.7561
0.8940
1.3577
0.2213
1.5098
1.1094
3.00E-05
1.27E-10
1.78E-08
k
1.000
0.999
0.982
0.021
i
20.198
2.518
1.964
1.000
1.519
0.248
1.689
1.241
3.36E-05
1.42E-10
1.99E-08
kmol
massa
0.053
2.33
43.171 1,985.86
0.004
0.21
4.397
79.14
yD
0.001
0.960
0.000
0.038
Butanol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Total
1.3577
1.5098
1.1094
0.2213
3.00E-05
1.78E-08
1.27E-10
1.519
1.689
1.241
0.248
3.36E-05
1.99E-08
1.42E-10
1
1
Nmin =
0.003
0.19
0.006
0.51
0.001
0.11
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.00
47.634 2,068.35
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.000
Perhitungan k yang keluar pada Distilat
Perhitungan Tray Minimum (Nmin)
0.738
0.906
0.212
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
/
1 + / 1
11.614
Perhitungan Tdew pada Distilat

Komponen
BM
CH3CHO
44
C2H5OH
46
Propanol
60
Air
18
Butanol
74
CH3COOH
60
Isoamyl Alkohol
88
Amyl Alkohol
88
C3H8O3
92
Glukosa
180
Maltosa
342
Total
Massa (kg/jam) kmol

2.330
0.053
1,985.859
43.171
0.211
0.004
79.142
4.397
0.190
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.507
0.006
0.109
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2,068.348
47.634

o
Tdew trial =
76.58 C
=
Main Group
k
Rk
CH3
1
0.9011
CH2
2
0.6744
CH
3
0.4469
OH
15
1.0000
H 2O
17
0.9200
CH3CO
19
1.6724
HC=O
21
0.9980
CH-O
27
0.6908
vk(1)
vk(2)
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
vk(3)
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(4)
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
349.73
Qk
yD
1.11E-03
0.906
7.39E-05
0.092
5.40E-05
1.39E-13
1.21E-04
2.61E-05
1.60E-71
9.43E-154
1.04E-117
1.000
K
0.848
0.540
0.228
1.200
1.400
1.488
0.948
0.468
vk(5)
1
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(6)
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
A-46
vk(7)
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
vk(8)
1
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(9)
0
2
1
3
0
0
0
0
vk(10)
0
1
4
5
0
0
1
0
vk(11)
0
2
7
8
0
0
0
3
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ri
1.8991
2.5755
3.2499
0.9200
3.9243
2.6724
4.5979
4.5987
4.7957
8.4600
14.5495
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
qi
1.7960
2.5880
3.1280
1.4000
3.6680
2.6880
4.2040
4.2080
4.9080
8.4000
13.6800
Mencari nilai eki :

k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
eki
i=1
0.5017
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.5557
0.0000
i=2
0.3482
0.2606
0.0000
0.3864
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=3
0.2881
0.4312
0.0000
0.3197
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=4
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6571
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=5
0.2457
0.5516
0.0000
0.2726
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=7
0.4287
0.3208
0.1063
0.2379
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=8
0.2141
0.6411
0.0000
0.2376
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
eki
i=9
0.0000
0.2748
0.0911
0.6112
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=10
0.0000
0.0803
0.2128
0.5952
0.0000
0.0000
0.1188
0.0000
i=11
0.0000
0.0986
0.2287
0.5848
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1515
i=6
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3720
0.0000
0.6222
0.0000
0.0000

amk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
3
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
1.00
1.00
1.00
3
1.00
1.00
1.00
k
15
986.50
986.50
986.50
0.00
-229.10
164.50
529.00
237.70
17
1318.00
1318.00
1318.00
353.50
0.00
472.50
480.80
-314.70
19
476.40
476.40
476.40
84.00
-195.40
0.00
128.00
191.10
17
19
0.26
0.26
0.26
21
27
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
-203.60
28.06
-116.00 540.50
-37.36 -103.60
0.00 304.10
-7.84
0.00
Mencari nilai mk :
mk
1
2
3
k
1
2
1.00
1.00
1.00
15
0.06
0.06
0.06
A-47
0.02
0.02
0.02
21
0.14
0.14
0.14
27
0.49
0.49
0.49
15
17
19
21
27
0.64
0.42
0.93
0.24
0.79
0.64
0.42
0.93
0.24
0.79
k=2
0.6326
0.8558
0.9237
0.2787
0.9716
0.8142
1.0079
1.0072
0.7567
0.7017
0.8206
k=3
0.6326
0.8558
0.9237
0.2787
0.9716
0.8142
1.0079
1.0072
0.7567
0.7017
0.8206
0.64
0.42
0.93
0.24
0.79
1.00
1.93
0.62
0.22
0.51
0.36
1.00
0.26
0.25
2.46
0.79
1.75
1.00
0.69
0.58
1.79
1.39
1.11
1.00
1.02
0.92
0.21
1.34
0.42
1.00
k=21
0.6281
0.7795
0.6760
0.9156
0.6030
1.3582
0.5493
0.5488
1.1469
1.2265
1.2489
k=27
0.4773
0.6532
0.6455
0.1401
0.6400
1.1800
0.6365
0.6360
0.7424
0.7419
0.8506
Mencari nilai ik :
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
k=1
0.6326
0.8558
0.9237
0.2787
0.9716
0.8142
1.0079
1.0072
0.7567
0.7017
0.8206
ik
k=15
0.1523
0.4227
0.3625
1.2652
0.3201
0.7607
0.2888
0.2886
0.6330
0.6389
0.6811
k=17
0.1521
0.1547
0.1330
0.6571
0.1176
0.2965
0.1063
0.1062
0.2309
0.2534
0.5929
k=19
0.5139
0.4598
0.4356
1.1490
0.4186
0.9148
0.4063
0.4059
0.5744
0.6256
0.6315
Mencari nilai k :
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.3301
0.2469
0.0000
0.3659
0.0343
0.0000
0.0004
0.0000
Mencari nilai sk :
k
sk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.8256
0.8256
0.8256
0.4663
0.1809
0.4958
0.7864
0.6263
i
Ji
1
2
3
4
5
0.7840
1.0632
1.3416
0.3798
1.6200
Li
i
1
2
3
4
5
ln iC
0.7248
1.0445
1.2624
0.5650
1.4803
1
2
3
4
5
A-48
0.2444
-0.0612
-0.3121
1.1061
-0.5432
6
7
8
9
10
11
1.1032
1.8981
1.8984
1.9798
3.4925
6.0063
6
7
8
9
10
11
1.0848
1.6967
1.6983
1.9808
3.3901
5.5210
6
7
8
9
10
11
-0.1013
-0.7607
-0.7629
-0.9798
-2.4737
-4.7566
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ln iR
0.2706
0.0631
0.1397
0.7495
0.2729
0.9147
0.4426
0.4425
0.4171
1.2780
0.6149
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
i
1.6737
1.0019
0.8417
6.3951
0.7631
2.2555
0.7275
0.7259
0.5697
0.3025
0.0159
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Kondisi Operasi :
Tdew
=
Ki = Pi sat x i/P
yi = xi x Ki
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
=
76.578
760
C
= Ki / Kheavy key
Ln Pi
6.40
4.55
3.78
3.72
2.92
3.18
2.38
2.07
-5.46
-17.04
-9.59
mmHg
=
Pi
601.6515
95.0999
43.9008
41.1912
18.6043
24.0372
10.7620
7.9414
0.0043
3.996E-08
6.830E-05
A-49
101.32
kPa
349.728 K
Ki
9.9380
0.9404
0.3647
2.5998
0.1401
0.5351
0.0773
0.0569
2.40E-05
1.19E-10
1.07E-08
i
3.823
0.362
0.140
1.000
0.054
0.206
0.030
0.022
9.21E-06
4.59E-11
4.12E-09
xi
1.119E-04
9.638E-01
2.026E-04
3.550E-02
3.853E-04
2.597E-13
1.564E-03
4.591E-04
6.672E-67
7.903E-144
9.666E-110
1.00
BOTTOM <31>
Perhitungan k yang keluar pada Bottom
k
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Total
kmol
0.000
0.001
0.018
0.979
0.262
0.094
0.788
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
Perhitungan Tbulb pada Bottom

Komponen
BM
CH3CHO
44
C2H5OH
46
Propanol
60
Air
18
Butanol
74
CH3COOH
60
Isoamyl Alkohol
88
Amyl Alkohol
88
C3H8O3
92
Glukosa
180
Maltosa
342
Total
vk(2)
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
vk(3)
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
xB
0.000
1.988
0.004
3605.599
0.068
0.052
0.407
0.200
0.000
0.000
0.000
3,608.317
Massa (kg/jam) kmol

0.000
0.000
1.988
0.043
0.004
0.000
3,605.599
200.311
0.068
0.001
0.200
0.003
0.052
0.001
0.407
0.005
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
3,608.317
200.364
xB
8.30E-18
0.000
3.15E-07
1.000
4.56E-06
1.66E-05
2.97E-06
2.31E-05
1.59E-18
2.43E-38
3.03E-27
1.000

o
Tbulb trial =
86.95 C
=
Main Group
k
Rk
CH3
1
0.9011
CH2
2
0.6744
CH
3
0.4469
OH
15
1.0000
H 2O
17
0.9200
CH3CO
19
1.6724
HC=O
21
0.9980
CH-O
27
0.6908
vk(1)
massa
0.000
0.043
0.000
200.311
0.001
0.001
0.005
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
vk(4)
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
360.10
Qk
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.999
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2.43E-37
1.000
K
0.848
0.540
0.228
1.200
1.400
1.488
0.948
0.468
vk(5)
1
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(6)
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
A-50
vk(7)
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
vk(8)
1
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(9)
0
2
1
3
0
0
0
0
vk(10)
0
1
4
5
0
0
1
0
vk(11)
0
2
7
8
0
0
0
3
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ri
1.8991
2.5755
3.2499
0.9200
3.9243
2.6724
4.5979
4.5987
4.7957
8.4600
14.5495
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
qi
1.7960
2.5880
3.1280
1.4000
3.6680
2.6880
4.2040
4.2080
4.9080
8.4000
13.6800
Mencari nilai eki :

k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
eki
i=1
0.5017
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.5557
0.0000
i=2
0.3482
0.2606
0.0000
0.3864
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=3
0.2881
0.4312
0.0000
0.3197
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=4
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6571
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=5
0.2457
0.5516
0.0000
0.2726
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=7
0.4287
0.3208
0.1063
0.2379
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=8
0.2141
0.6411
0.0000
0.2376
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
eki
i=9
0.0000
0.2748
0.0911
0.6112
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=10
0.0000
0.0803
0.2128
0.5952
0.0000
0.0000
0.1188
0.0000
i=11
0.0000
0.0986
0.2287
0.5848
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1515
i=6
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3720
0.0000
0.6222
0.0000
0.0000

amk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
3
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
1.00
1.00
1.00
3
1.00
1.00
1.00
k
15
986.50
986.50
986.50
0.00
-229.10
164.50
529.00
237.70
17
1318.00
1318.00
1318.00
353.50
0.00
472.50
480.80
-314.70
19
476.40
476.40
476.40
84.00
-195.40
0.00
128.00
191.10
17
19
0.27
0.27
0.27
21
27
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
-203.60
28.06
-116.00 540.50
-37.36 -103.60
0.00 304.10
-7.84
0.00
Mencari nilai mk :
mk
1
2
3
k
1
2
1.00
1.00
1.00
15
0.06
0.06
0.06
A-51
0.03
0.03
0.03
21
0.15
0.15
0.15
27
0.50
0.50
0.50
15
17
19
21
27
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
k=2
0.6382
0.8590
0.9263
0.2857
0.9738
0.8186
1.0099
1.0091
0.7618
0.7078
0.8262
k=3
0.6382
0.8590
0.9263
0.2857
0.9738
0.8186
1.0099
1.0091
0.7618
0.7078
0.8262
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
1.00
1.89
0.63
0.23
0.52
0.37
1.00
0.27
0.26
2.40
0.79
1.72
1.00
0.70
0.59
1.76
1.38
1.11
1.00
1.02
0.93
0.22
1.33
0.43
1.00
k=21
0.6322
0.7730
0.6725
0.9069
0.6015
1.3450
0.5493
0.5488
1.1317
1.2112
1.2341
k=27
0.4884
0.6602
0.6535
0.1465
0.6487
1.1737
0.6457
0.6452
0.7474
0.7475
0.8552
Mencari nilai ik :
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
k=1
0.6382
0.8590
0.9263
0.2857
0.9738
0.8186
1.0099
1.0091
0.7618
0.7078
0.8262
ik
k=15
0.1603
0.4257
0.3662
1.2415
0.3241
0.7660
0.2932
0.2929
0.6349
0.6415
0.6842
k=17
0.1591
0.1604
0.1383
0.6571
0.1227
0.3069
0.1111
0.1110
0.2384
0.2618
0.5906
k=19
0.5231
0.4681
0.4448
1.1306
0.4282
0.9168
0.4163
0.4160
0.5815
0.6327
0.6394
Mencari nilai k :
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.0002
0.0002
0.0000
0.0002
0.6568
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Mencari nilai sk :
k
sk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.2860
0.2860
0.2860
1.2411
0.6569
1.1303
0.9068
0.1468
i
Ji
1
2
3
4
5
2.0631
2.7979
3.5306
0.9995
4.2632
Li
i
1
2
3
4
5
ln iC
1.2825
1.8481
2.2337
0.9997
2.6193
1
2
3
4
5
A-52
0.1335
-0.5139
-0.6101
0.0005
-0.6865
6
7
8
9
10
11
2.9032
4.9950
4.9959
5.2099
9.1907
15.8061
6
7
8
9
10
11
1.9195
3.0021
3.0049
3.5048
5.9985
9.7689
6
7
8
9
10
11
-0.5763
-0.7429
-0.7515
-1.9994
-3.7602
-5.4482
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ln iR
1.8723
2.8331
4.1158
0.4797
5.4546
1.0277
6.8283
6.8296
3.4816
5.4138
9.2270
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
i
7.4316
10.1680
33.3044
1.6165
117.6933
1.5705
439.4040
436.2154
4.4024
5.2258
43.7630
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Kondisi Operasi :
Tbulb
=
Ki = Pi sat x i/P
yi = xi x Ki
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
=
86.952
760
C
= Ki / Kheavy key
Ln Pi
6.66
4.96
4.22
4.13
3.40
3.58
2.88
2.59
-4.62
-15.35
-8.74
mmHg
=
Pi
784.4601
141.9751
67.9075
62.3928
29.8913
35.7370
17.7303
13.2701
0.0098
2.153E-07
1.595E-04
A-53
101.32
kPa
360.102 K
Ki
57.5361
14.2473
22.3205
0.9954
34.7201
0.5539
76.8889
57.1292
4.28E-04
1.11E-08
6.89E-05
i
57.801
14.313
22.423
1.000
34.880
0.556
77.243
57.393
4.30E-04
1.12E-08
6.92E-05
yi
4.777E-16
3.073E-03
7.022E-06
9.951E-01
1.585E-04
9.197E-06
2.287E-04
1.317E-03
6.800E-22
2.696E-46
2.086E-31
1.00
Perhitungan Reboiler (E-314B)

V
T dew?
Qreb
T buble?
L
(-) L = B + V
(-) L xL = B xB + V y
dan energy balance sistem 3
(-) Qreb + L HL = V HV + B HB
Trial V =
64,256.95
Masuk
L
xL
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.995
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.00
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alk.
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
Perhitungan Tbulb pada aliran L

Komponen
BM
CH3CHO
44
C2H5OH
46
Propanol
60
Air
18
Butanol
74
CH3COOH
60
Isoamyl Alkohol
88
Amyl Alkohol
88
C3H8O3
92
Glukosa
180
Maltosa
342
Total
Untuk menghitung suhu bawah kolom

Mengikuti Persamaan Flash Calculation :
Keluar
B
m
0.00
199.44
0.46
67,550.8
10.25
0.79
14.75
85.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
67,861.6
xB
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
vk(2)
1
0
0
vk(3)
1
1
0
1
2
0
0.00
1.99
0.00
3,605.60
0.07
0.20
0.05
0.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
3,608.32
y
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.995
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.00
Massa (kg/jam) kmol

3.08E-11
0.000
1.99E+02
4.336
4.55E-01
0.008
6.76E+04
3,752.824
1.03E+01
0.139
7.91E-01
0.013
1.48E+01
0.168
8.50E+01
0.966
2.93E-14
0.000
8.76E-34
0.000
2.07E-22
0.000
67,861.566
3,758.453

o
Tbulb trial =
86.15 C
=
Main Group
k
Rk
CH3
1
0.9011
CH2
2
0.6744
CH
3
0.4469
OH
15
1.0000
H 2O
17
0.9200
CH3CO
19
1.6724
HC=O
21
0.9980
CH-O
27
0.6908
vk(1)
V
m
vk(4)
0
0
0
359.30
Qk
m
0.00
197.45
0.45
63,945.23
10.18
0.59
14.70
84.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
64,253.25
xL
1.86E-16
1.15E-03
2.02E-06
0.999
3.69E-05
3.51E-06
4.46E-05
2.57E-04
8.48E-20
1.29E-39
1.61E-28
1.000
K
0.848
0.540
0.228
1.200
1.400
1.488
0.948
0.468
vk(5)
1
3
0
vk(6)
0
0
0
A-54
vk(7)
2
2
1
vk(8)
1
4
0
vk(9)
0
2
1
vk(10)
0
1
4
vk(11)
0
2
7
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
1
0
8
0
0
0
3

i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ri
1.8991
2.5755
3.2499
0.9200
3.9243
2.6724
4.5979
4.5987
4.7957
8.4600
14.5495
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
qi
1.7960
2.5880
3.1280
1.4000
3.6680
2.6880
4.2040
4.2080
4.9080
8.4000
13.6800
Mencari nilai eki :

k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
eki
i=1
0.5017
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.5557
0.0000
i=2
0.3482
0.2606
0.0000
0.3864
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=3
0.2881
0.4312
0.0000
0.3197
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=4
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6571
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=5
0.2457
0.5516
0.0000
0.2726
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=7
0.4287
0.3208
0.1063
0.2379
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=8
0.2141
0.6411
0.0000
0.2376
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
eki
i=9
0.0000
0.2748
0.0911
0.6112
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=10
0.0000
0.0803
0.2128
0.5952
0.0000
0.0000
0.1188
0.0000
i=11
0.0000
0.0986
0.2287
0.5848
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1515
i=6
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3720
0.0000
0.6222
0.0000
0.0000

amk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
1
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
2
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
3
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
k
15
986.50
986.50
986.50
0.00
-229.10
164.50
529.00
237.70
A-55
17
1318.00
1318.00
1318.00
353.50
0.00
472.50
480.80
-314.70
19
476.40
476.40
476.40
84.00
-195.40
0.00
128.00
191.10
21
27
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
-203.60
28.06
-116.00 540.50
-37.36 -103.60
0.00 304.10
-7.84
0.00
Mencari nilai mk :
mk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
2
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.24
0.79
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.24
0.79
k=2
0.6377
0.8588
0.9261
0.2851
0.9737
0.8182
1.0097
1.0090
0.7614
0.7073
0.8258
k=3
0.6377
0.8588
0.9261
0.2851
0.9737
0.8182
1.0097
1.0090
0.7614
0.7073
0.8258
3
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.24
0.79
15
17
0.06
0.06
0.06
1.00
1.89
0.63
0.23
0.52
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.37
1.00
0.27
0.26
2.40
19
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.79
1.72
1.00
0.70
0.59
21
0.15
0.15
0.15
1.76
1.38
1.11
1.00
1.02
27
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.92
0.22
1.33
0.43
1.00
k=19
0.5224
0.4675
0.4441
1.1320
0.4275
0.9166
0.4156
0.4152
0.5810
0.6322
0.6388
k=21
0.6319
0.7735
0.6727
0.9075
0.6016
1.3460
0.5493
0.5488
1.1328
1.2124
1.2352
k=27
0.4875
0.6597
0.6529
0.1460
0.6481
1.1742
0.6450
0.6445
0.7470
0.7470
0.8549
Mencari nilai ik :
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
k=1
0.6377
0.8588
0.9261
0.2851
0.9737
0.8182
1.0097
1.0090
0.7614
0.7073
0.8258
ik
k=15
0.1597
0.4255
0.3659
1.2433
0.3238
0.7656
0.2928
0.2926
0.6347
0.6413
0.6840
Mencari nilai k :
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.0010
0.0011
0.0000
0.0011
0.6551
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Mencari nilai sk :
k
sk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.2871
0.2871
0.2871
1.2406
0.6555
1.1299
0.9069
0.1476
A-56
k=17
0.1586
0.1600
0.1379
0.6571
0.1223
0.3061
0.1108
0.1107
0.2379
0.2612
0.5907
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ji
Li
2.0572
2.7899
3.5205
0.9966
4.2510
2.8949
4.9807
4.9816
5.1950
9.1644
15.7609
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ln i
1.2807
1.8455
2.2306
0.9984
2.6157
1.9168
2.9979
3.0008
3.4999
5.9901
9.7553
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0.1313
-0.5157
-0.6134
0.0034
-0.6913
-0.5781
-0.7492
-0.7578
-2.0021
-3.7669
-5.4654
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ln iR
1.8612
2.8129
4.0885
0.4784
5.4203
1.0151
6.7870
6.7883
3.4518
5.3690
9.1192
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
i
7.3341
9.9463
32.3014
1.6190
113.1826
1.5480
418.9896
415.9553
4.2616
4.9636
38.6212
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Kondisi Operasi :
Tbulb
=
Ki = Pi sat x i/P
yi = xi x Ki
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
=
86.154
760
C
mmHg
=
101.32
kPa
359.304 K
= Ki / Kheavy key
Ln Pi
Pi
6.65
4.93
4.19
4.10
769.0394
137.8003
65.7400
60.4901
A-57
Ki
55.6649
13.5268
20.9573
0.9665
i
57.592
13.995
21.683
1.000
yi
1.036E-14
1.560E-02
4.229E-05
9.651E-01
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
3.36
3.55
2.84
2.55
-4.68
-15.48
-8.81
Perhitungan Tdew pada aliran V

Komponen
BM
CH3CHO
44
C2H5OH
46
Propanol
60
Air
18
Butanol
74
CH3COOH
60
Isoamyl Alkohol
88
Amyl Alkohol
88
C3H8O3
92
Glukosa
180
Maltosa
342
Total
28.8571
34.6944
17.0868
12.7745
0.0093
1.900E-07
1.497E-04
Massa (kg/jam) kmol

3.07E-11
0.000
1.97E+02
4.292
4.51E-01
0.008
6.39E+04
3,552.513
1.02E+01
0.138
5.91E-01
0.010
1.47E+01
0.167
8.46E+01
0.962
4.37E-17
0.000
1.73E-41
0.000
1.34E-26
0.000
64,253.249
3,558.089

o
Tdew trial =
86.99 C
=
Main Group
k
Rk
CH3
1
0.9011
CH2
2
0.6744
CH
3
0.4469
OH
15
1.0000
H 2O
17
0.9200
CH3CO
19
1.6724
HC=O
21
0.9980
CH-O
27
0.6908
vk(1)
vk(2)
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
vk(3)
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(4)
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
qi
1.7960
2.5880
3.1280
1.4000
3.6680
2.6880
4.2040
4.2080
360.14
Qk
ri
1.8991
2.5755
3.2499
0.9200
3.9243
2.6724
4.5979
4.5987
33.350
0.548
73.102
54.257
4.03E-04
9.63E-09
5.90E-05
1.188E-03
1.858E-06
3.151E-03
1.348E-02
3.302E-23
1.204E-47
9.210E-33
1.00
yi
1.96E-16
1.21E-03
2.11E-06
0.998
3.87E-05
2.77E-06
4.69E-05
2.70E-04
1.33E-22
2.70E-47
1.10E-32
1.000
K
0.848
0.540
0.228
1.200
1.400
1.488
0.948
0.468
vk(5)
1
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(6)
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0

i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
32.2342
0.5300
70.6559
52.4415
3.89E-04
9.31E-09
5.71E-05
A-58
vk(7)
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
vk(8)
1
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(9)
0
2
1
3
0
0
0
0
vk(10)
0
1
4
5
0
0
1
0
vk(11)
0
2
7
8
0
0
0
3
9
10
11
4.7957
8.4600
14.5495
9
10
11
4.9080
8.4000
13.6800
Mencari nilai eki :

k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
eki
i=1
0.5017
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.5557
0.0000
i=2
0.3482
0.2606
0.0000
0.3864
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=3
0.2881
0.4312
0.0000
0.3197
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=4
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6571
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=5
0.2457
0.5516
0.0000
0.2726
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=7
0.4287
0.3208
0.1063
0.2379
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=8
0.2141
0.6411
0.0000
0.2376
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
eki
i=9
0.0000
0.2748
0.0911
0.6112
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=10
0.0000
0.0803
0.2128
0.5952
0.0000
0.0000
0.1188
0.0000
i=11
0.0000
0.0986
0.2287
0.5848
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1515
i=6
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3720
0.0000
0.6222
0.0000
0.0000

amk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
3
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
3
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
k
15
986.50
986.50
986.50
0.00
-229.10
164.50
529.00
237.70
17
1318.00
1318.00
1318.00
353.50
0.00
472.50
480.80
-314.70
19
476.40
476.40
476.40
84.00
-195.40
0.00
128.00
191.10
17
19
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.79
1.72
1.00
0.70
0.59
21
27
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
-203.60
28.06
-116.00 540.50
-37.36 -103.60
0.00 304.10
-7.84
0.00
Mencari nilai mk :
mk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
2
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.65
0.43
0.93
0.25
0.79
15
0.06
0.06
0.06
1.00
1.89
0.63
0.23
0.52
Mencari nilai ik :
A-59
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.37
1.00
0.27
0.26
2.40
21
0.15
0.15
0.15
1.76
1.38
1.11
1.00
1.02
27
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.93
0.22
1.33
0.43
1.00
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
k=1
0.6382
0.8591
0.9264
0.2857
0.9738
0.8186
1.0099
1.0091
0.7618
0.7078
0.8263
k=2
0.6382
0.8591
0.9264
0.2857
0.9738
0.8186
1.0099
1.0091
0.7618
0.7078
0.8263
k=3
0.6382
0.8591
0.9264
0.2857
0.9738
0.8186
1.0099
1.0091
0.7618
0.7078
0.8263
ik
k=15
0.1603
0.4257
0.3662
1.2415
0.3241
0.7661
0.2932
0.2929
0.6349
0.6415
0.6842
k=17
0.1591
0.1605
0.1383
0.6571
0.1227
0.3069
0.1112
0.1111
0.2385
0.2619
0.5905
k=19
0.5231
0.4682
0.4448
1.1306
0.4283
0.9168
0.4164
0.4160
0.5815
0.6328
0.6394
Mencari nilai k :
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.0010
0.0012
0.0000
0.0011
0.6550
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Mencari nilai sk :
k
sk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.2877
0.2877
0.2877
1.2386
0.6555
1.1283
0.9062
0.1482
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ji
2.0569
2.7895
3.5199
0.9964
4.2503
2.8944
4.9799
4.9808
5.1941
9.1629
15.7583
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Li
ln iC
1.2806
1.8454
2.2304
0.9983
2.6155
1.9167
2.9977
3.0005
3.4997
5.9897
9.7546
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
A-60
0.1312
-0.5158
-0.6136
0.0036
-0.6916
-0.5782
-0.7495
-0.7581
-2.0023
-3.7672
-5.4663
k=21
0.6323
0.7730
0.6724
0.9069
0.6015
1.3450
0.5493
0.5488
1.1317
1.2112
1.2340
k=27
0.4884
0.6602
0.6535
0.1465
0.6488
1.1737
0.6457
0.6452
0.7474
0.7475
0.8552
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ln i
1.8597
2.8100
4.0840
0.4783
5.4141
1.0167
6.7791
6.7805
3.4498
5.3667
9.1182
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Komponen
7.3223
9.9165
32.1496
1.6191
112.4542
1.5504
415.5575
412.5478
4.2526
4.9504
38.5450
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Kondisi Operasi :
Tdew
=
Ki = Pi sat x i/P
yi = xi x Ki
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
=
86.992
760
C
mmHg
=
101.32
kPa
360.142 K
= Ki / Kheavy key
Ln Pi
6.67
4.96
4.22
4.14
3.40
3.58
2.88
2.59
-4.62
-15.34
-8.74
Pi
785.2492
142.1897
68.0191
62.4907
29.9446
35.7906
17.7635
13.2956
0.0099
2.167E-07
1.600E-04
Ki
56.7465
13.9159
21.5820
0.9986
33.2337
0.5476
72.8523
54.1337
4.15E-04
1.06E-08
6.09E-05
i
56.827
13.936
21.612
1.000
33.281
0.548
72.955
54.210
4.15E-04
1.06E-08
6.10E-05
Sehingga distribusi komponen Feed, Distilat, dan Bottom adalah sebagai berikut :
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Feed <28>
kmol
massa(kg/jam)
0.053
2.330
43.214
1,987.847
A-61
Distilat <30>
kmol
massa(kg/jam)
0.053
2.330
43.171
1,985.859
xi
3.455E-18
8.669E-05
9.794E-08
9.998E-01
1.164E-06
5.055E-06
6.443E-07
4.994E-06
3.219E-19
2.555E-39
1.809E-28
1.00
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
0.004
204.708
0.003
0.006
0.006
0.003
3.18E-16
6.07E-25
4.86E-36
0.211
79.142
1.90E-01
5.07E-01
1.09E-01
3.97E-10
7.00E-68
1.69E-113
8.08E-150
Bottom <31>
kmol
massa(kg/jam)
0.000
0.000
0.043
1.988
0.000
0.004
200.311
3605.599
0.001
0.068
0.001
0.052
0.005
0.407
0.003
0.200
3.18E-16
2.93E-14
6.07E-25
2.07E-22
4.86E-36
8.76E-34
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Perhitungan Kondensor (E-312)
R=L/D
D=
47.63 kmol
R=
1.50
L=
71.45 kmol
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
0.215
0.004
3,684.741
4.397
0.258 2.57E-03
0.559 5.76E-03
0.516 1.24E-03
0.200 6.62E-12
2.93E-14 7.61E-70
2.07E-22 4.93E-116
8.76E-34 4.49E-152
BM
44
46
60
18
74
60
88
88
92
180
342
Qcond
L (liq) , T =
76.578
V (vap), ?? C
Massa (kg/jam) kmol

3.495
0.079
2,978.789
64.756
0.317
0.005
118.712
6.595
0.285
0.004
0.000
0.000
0.760
0.009
0.164
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
3,102.522
71.450
xi
1.11E-03
9.06E-01
7.39E-05
9.23E-02
5.40E-05
1.39E-13
1.21E-04
2.61E-05
1.60E-71
9.43E-154
1.04E-117
1.00E+00
Sehingga
V=D+L
V=
119.08 kmol
Perhitungan Tdew pada Reflux Kondensor
Komponen
BM Massa (kg/jam) kmol
CH3CHO
44
5.825
0.132
C2H5OH
46
4,964.648
107.927
Propanol
60
0.528
0.009
Air
18
197.854
10.992
Butanol
74
0.476
0.006
CH3COOH
60
0.000
0.000
Isoamyl Alkohol
88
1.267
0.014
yi
1.11E-03
9.06E-01
7.39E-05
9.23E-02
5.40E-05
1.39E-13
1.21E-04
A-62
C (T distilat)
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
88
92
180
342
0.274
0.000
0.000
0.000
5,170.870

o
Tdew trial =
76.62 C
=
Main Group
k
Rk
CH3
1
0.9011
CH2
2
0.6744
CH
3
0.4469
OH
15
1.0000
H 2O
17
0.9200
CH3CO
19
1.6724
HC=O
21
0.9980
CH-O
27
0.6908
vk(1)
vk(2)
vk(3)
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
119.084
349.77
Qk
2.61E-05
1.60E-71
9.43E-154
1.04E-117
1.00E+00
K
0.848
0.540
0.228
1.200
1.400
1.488
0.948
0.468
vk(4)
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
vk(5)
1
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(6)
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
vk(7)
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
vk(8)
1
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
vk(9)
0
2
1
3
0
0
0
0

i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ri
1.8991
2.5755
3.2499
0.9200
3.9243
2.6724
4.5979
4.5987
4.7957
8.4600
14.5495
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
qi
1.7960
2.5880
3.1280
1.4000
3.6680
2.6880
4.2040
4.2080
4.9080
8.4000
13.6800
Mencari nilai eki :

k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
eki
i=1
0.5017
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.5557
0.0000
i=2
0.3482
0.2606
0.0000
0.3864
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=3
0.2881
0.4312
0.0000
0.3197
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=4
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6571
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
eki
A-63
i=5
0.2457
0.5516
0.0000
0.2726
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=6
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3720
0.0000
0.6222
0.0000
0.0000
vk(10)
0
1
4
5
0
0
1
0
vk(11)
0
2
7
8
0
0
0
3
k
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
i=7
0.4287
0.3208
0.1063
0.2379
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=8
0.2141
0.6411
0.0000
0.2376
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=9
0.0000
0.2748
0.0911
0.6112
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i=10
0.0000
0.0803
0.2128
0.5952
0.0000
0.0000
0.1188
0.0000
i=11
0.0000
0.0986
0.2287
0.5848
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1515

amk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
2
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
3
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.64
0.42
0.93
0.24
0.79
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.64
0.42
0.93
0.24
0.79
3
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.64
0.42
0.93
0.24
0.79
k=2
0.6326
0.8559
0.9237
0.2787
0.9716
0.8142
1.0079
1.0072
0.7567
0.7017
0.8206
k=3
0.6326
0.8559
0.9237
0.2787
0.9716
0.8142
1.0079
1.0072
0.7567
0.7017
0.8206
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.40
300.00
26.76
505.70
83.36
k
15
986.50
986.50
986.50
0.00
-229.10
164.50
529.00
237.70
17
1318.00
1318.00
1318.00
353.50
0.00
472.50
480.80
-314.70
19
476.40
476.40
476.40
84.00
-195.40
0.00
128.00
191.10
21
27
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
677.00 251.50
-203.60
28.06
-116.00 540.50
-37.36 -103.60
0.00 304.10
-7.84
0.00
17
19
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.79
1.75
1.00
0.69
0.58
21
0.14
0.14
0.14
1.79
1.39
1.11
1.00
1.02
27
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.92
0.21
1.34
0.42
1.00
k=19
0.5139
0.4598
0.4357
1.1489
0.4186
0.9148
0.4063
0.4060
0.5745
0.6256
0.6315
k=21
0.6281
0.7794
0.6760
0.9156
0.6030
1.3581
0.5493
0.5488
1.1468
1.2265
1.2488
k=27
0.4774
0.6532
0.6455
0.1401
0.6400
1.1800
0.6365
0.6360
0.7424
0.7420
0.8507
Mencari nilai mk :
mk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
k
1
15
0.06
0.06
0.06
1.00
1.93
0.62
0.22
0.51
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.36
1.00
0.26
0.25
2.46
Mencari nilai ik :
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
k=1
0.6326
0.8559
0.9237
0.2787
0.9716
0.8142
1.0079
1.0072
0.7567
0.7017
0.8206
ik
k=15
0.1524
0.4227
0.3625
1.2651
0.3201
0.7608
0.2889
0.2886
0.6330
0.6389
0.6811
Mencari nilai k :
k
1
2
0.3301
0.2469
A-64
k=17
0.1521
0.1547
0.1330
0.6571
0.1176
0.2966
0.1063
0.1062
0.2309
0.2535
0.5929
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.0000
0.3659
0.0343
0.0000
0.0004
0.0000
Mencari nilai sk :
k
sk
1
2
3
15
17
19
21
27
0.8256
0.8256
0.8256
0.4663
0.1809
0.4958
0.7863
0.6263
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ji
0.7840
1.0632
1.3416
0.3798
1.6200
1.1032
1.8981
1.8984
1.9798
3.4925
6.0063
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Li
0.7248
1.0445
1.2624
0.5650
1.4803
1.0848
1.6967
1.6983
1.9808
3.3901
5.5210
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ln iC
ln iR
0.2707
0.0631
0.1397
0.7495
0.2728
0.9146
0.4426
0.4425
0.4171
1.2779
0.6151
A-65
0.2444
-0.0612
-0.3121
1.1061
-0.5432
-0.1013
-0.7607
-0.7629
-0.9798
-2.4737
-4.7566
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
i
1.6737
1.0019
0.8417
6.3952
0.7631
2.2553
0.7275
0.7259
0.5697
0.3025
0.0159
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Kondisi Operasi :
Tdew
=
sat
Ki = Pi x i/P
yi = xi x Ki
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
=
76.624
760
C
mmHg
=
101.32
kPa
349.774 K
= Ki / Kheavy key
Ln Pi
Pi
6.40
4.56
3.78
3.72
2.93
3.18
2.38
2.07
-5.45
-17.03
-9.59
602.3827
95.2754
43.9891
41.2698
18.6450
24.0809
10.7869
7.9603
0.0043
4.027E-08
6.856E-05
Ki
9.9503
0.9421
0.3654
2.6048
0.1404
0.5360
0.0775
0.0570
2.40E-05
1.20E-10
1.08E-08
i
3.820
0.362
0.140
1.000
0.054
0.206
0.030
0.022
9.23E-06
4.62E-11
4.13E-09
xi
1.117E-04
9.620E-01
2.022E-04
3.544E-02
3.845E-04
2.593E-13
1.560E-03
4.580E-04
6.646E-67
7.843E-144
9.627E-110
1.00
Tabel A.12 Neraca Massa pada Rectifying Column

Komponen
Feed <28>:
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Massa Masuk (kg/jam)

2.33
1987.85
0.21
3684.74
0.26
0.56
0.52
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
Komponen
Distilat<30>:
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Bottom<31>:
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
Isoamyl Alkohol
A-66
Massa Keluar (kg/jam)

2.33
1985.86
0.21
79.14
0.19
0.51
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.99
0.00
3605.60
0.07
0.05
Total
5676.67
Amyl Alkohol
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Total
0.41
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
5676.67
13. Molecular Sieve Tank (F-330)

33
Molecular Sieve Tank
Vaporizer
32
34
Fungsi:
Untuk mengurangi kadar air dalam ethanol sehingga

diperoleh ethanol 99,5% volume
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Total
BM
44
46
60
18
74
88
88
60
92
342
180
Massa (kg/jam) kmol

2.330
0.053
1,985.859
43.171
0.211
0.004
79.142
4.397
0.190
0.003
0.507
0.006
0.109
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2,068.348
47.634
BM
44
46
60
18
74
88
88
60
92
342
180
Massa (kg/jam)
2.330
1,985.859
0.211
79.142
0.190
0.507
0.109
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2,068.348
xi
1.11E-03
0.906
7.39E-05
0.092
5.40E-05
1.21E-04
2.61E-05
1.39E-13
1.60E-71
1.04E-117
9.43E-154
1.000

Aliran <32>
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Total

Aliran <34>
Diinginkan kadar air produk =
Komponen
BM
0.5 % volume
Massa (kg/jam) kmol
A-67
xi
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Total
44
46
60
18
74
88
88
60
92
342
180
2.330
1,985.859
0.211
3.975
0.190
0.507
0.109
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1,993.182
Aliran <33>
Asumsi bahwa aliran 35 tidak mengandung etanol
C2H5OH
=
0
kg
H2O
=
79.142
Neraca massa Molecular Sieve Tank
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Total
0.053
43.171
0.004
0.221
0.003
0.006
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
43.458
air di produk
1.22E-03
0.993
8.10E-05
0.005
5.92E-05
1.32E-04
2.86E-05
1.52E-13
1.75E-71
1.14E-117
1.03E-153
1.000
Masuk (kg/jam)
Aliran <32>
2.330
1,985.859
0.211
79.142
0.190
0.507
0.109
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2,068.348
75.166
kg
Keluar (kg/jam)
Aliran <34>
Aliran <33>
2.330
0.000
1,985.859
75.166
0.211
0.000
3.975
0.000
0.190
0.000
0.507
0.000
0.109
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2,068.348
Tabel A.13. Neraca massa Molecular Sieve Tank (kapasitas per hari)
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
CH3COOH
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
Total
Massa etanol yang terbentuk =
etanol 99,5% =
0.7893 kg/L
Volume etanol yang terbentuk =
Masuk (kg)
Aliran <32>
55.92
47,660.62
5.07
1,899.40
4.57
12.16
2.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
49,640.35
47,836.364
kg
60,606.061
20,000.000
L/hari
KL/tahun
Neraca Massa Overall
A-68
Keluar (kg)
Aliran <34>
Aliran <33>
55.92
0.00
47,660.62
1,803.99
5.07
0.00
95.41
0.00
4.57
0.00
12.16
0.00
2.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
49,640.35
Aliran massa masuk :

<1> + <5> + <7> + <10> + <11> + <16> + <17> + <18> + <21> + <22> =
302,816.81 +
440,598.46 +
299.61 +
122.71
+
0.03
+
3.52 +
=
745,200.17
kg/hari
Aliran massa keluar :
<2> + <20> + <37> + <24> + <29> + <31> + <33> +<36> =
9,084.50
+
3.71
+
48727.22 +
+
86599.61 +
1,803.991
+
47,836.36
=
745,200.17
kg/hari
Aliran massa masuk = Aliran massa keluar
A-69
0.66
613.52
+
+
48769.50 +
8.99 +
735.87
502375.28
APPENDIKS B
NERACA ENERGI
Kapasitas Etanol
Produk
Suhu Reference
Satuan
Basis
=
=
=
=
=
20,000 kL/tahun
Etanol 99,5% v/v
298,15 K, 1 atm
Joule
1 hari
B.1 Mixing Tank (F-115)

5
303,15 K
4
303,15 K
Mixing Tank
6
Fungsi : untuk mengencerkan padatan hingga 15%

Asumsi : Air yang terkandung dalam tangki mixing sebesar 85%
Tabel B.1.1 Perhitungan Entalpi Bahan Masuk
CpT
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K) (kJ/kg)
Moisture (air)
183,582.693
4.187 20.935
Karbohidrat
99,868.985
1.339 6.695
<4> Protein
3,524.788
5.510 27.550
Fiber
2,349.858
1.340 6.699
Impurities
4,405.985
1.591 7.955
<5> Air
440,598.464
4.187 20.935
Tabel B.1.2 Perhitungan Entalpi Bahan Keluar
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
Moisture (air)
624,181.157
4.187
Karbohidrat
99,868.985
1.339
<6> Protein
3,524.788
5.510
Fiber
2,349.858
1.340
Impurities
4,405.985
1.591
CpT
(kJ/kg)
20.935
6.695
27.550
6.699
7.955
H (kJ)
3,843,303.68
668,624.15
97,109.52
15,742.17
35,050.93
9,223,928.84
H (kJ)
13,067,232.52
668,624.15
97,109.52
15,742.17
35,050.93
Tabel B.1.3 Neraca Energi Total pada Tangki Mixing

Energi keluar (kJ)
Energi masuk (kJ)
Aliran <4>
Aliran <6>
H
=
4,659,830.46 H
=
13,883,759.30
Aliran <5>
H
=
9,223,928.84
Total
=
13,883,759.30 Total
=
13,883,759.30
B-70
B.2 Liquification Tank (R-110)

-amilase
Mixing Tank
Steam
421,15 K
Cooler
Liquification Tank
8
Kondensat
421,15 K
Fungsi : Merubah pati menjadi dextrin

CpT
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K) (kJ/kg)
Moisture (air)
624,181.16
4.19 20.94
Karbohidrat
99,868.99
1.34
6.70
<6> Protein
3,524.79
5.51 27.55
Fiber
2,349.86
1.34
6.70
Impurities
4,405.98
1.59
7.96
<7> -amilase
299.61
1.34
6.70
H (kJ)
13,067,232.52
668,624.15
97,109.52
15,742.17
35,050.93
2,005.89
Reaksi yang terjadi:

(C6H10O5)n
n(C6H10O5)x
Jika n=1000
(C6H10O5)1000
100(C6H10O5)10
Mencari panas pembentukan (Hf) dari panas pembakaran (Hc)
Data panas pembakaran (Hc) dan panas pembentukan (Hf)
(C6H10O5)1000
Hc
=
-17,489,099.00 kJ/kmol
(C
H
O
)
Hc
=
-17,200,196.00 kJ/kmol
6 10 5 10
H2 O
Hf
=
-286,044.95 kJ/kmol
CO
Hf
=
-393,794.89 kJ/kmol
2
(C6H10O5)1000
Hf
= Hc pati +(a x Hf CO2) + (b x Hf H2O)
a : Jumlah atom C dalam pati
b : Jumlah atom H pada pati
Hf (C6H10O5)10
=
-17,200,196.00
(
) + (60 x (-393.794,887)) +
1,620.00
(100 x (-143.022,477))
=
-37,940,558.29 kJ/kmol
Hf (C6H10O5)1000 =
-17,489,099.00
(
) + (6.000 x (-393.794,887)) +
162,000.00
(10.000 x (-143.022,477))
=
-3,792,994,196.56 kJ/kmol
B-71
Menghitung Entalpi reaksi

(C6H10O5)1000
Hf Produk
=
=
=
=
100(C6H10O5)10
Hf Dextrin
Kmol x Hf
58.57
x
-37,940,558.29
-2,221,994,319.97 kJ
378,15
H produk
58.57

378,15
298,15
1,620
0,291 + 0,000961
298,15
Hf Reaktan
= 58.57 x 1,620 x
120.89
= 11,469,224.97 kJ
= Hf pati
= Kmol x Hf
= 0.5857 x -3,792,994,196.56
= -2,221,372,573.33 kJ/kmol
378,15
H Reaktan

378,15
298,15
= 0.5857 x
162,000
0,291 + 0,000961
298,15
= 0.59 x 162,000.00 x
114.344
= 10,848,481.28 kJ
H Reaksi = (Hf produk - Hf Reaktan) + H produk - H reaktan
= (-3.413.714.972,08-(-3.412.743.723,29))+17.620.423,52-17620423,52
=
-1,002.95
kJ
H Reaksi negatif (bersifat eksotermis), untuk mempertahankan suhu di Tangki
Liquifikasi diperlukan steam.
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
Moisture (air)
958,943.29
4.19
Karbohidrat
7,671.55
1.34
Protein
5,415.21
5.51
<8> Fiber
3,610.14
1.34
Impurities
6,769.01
1.59
-amilase
460.30
1.34
Dextrin
145,759.38
1.64
B-72
CpT
(kJ/kg)
334.96
107.12
440.81
107.19
127.28
107.12
131.24
H (kJ)
321,207,644.67
821,777.64
2,387,064.06
386,960.74
861,592.27
49,307.15
19,129,071.59
Menghitung jumlah steam yang dibutuhkan

Kondisi operasi dipertahankan pada suhu 378,15 K, dengan menggunakan
steam saturated 421,15 K
T ( K)
P (Kpa)
Hv (kJ/kg)
Hl (kJ/kg)
(kJ/kg)
451.64
421.15
2,745.99
624.02
2,121.74
H masuk
= H keluar
Hin + Qsuplai
= H out + Hreaksi + Qloss
Asumsi : Qloss =
0.05
Qsupplai
Qsupplai
= Hout + Hreaksi - Hin + 0.05 Qsupplai
ms x
= Hout + Hreaksi - Hin + 0.05 (ms x )
2,121.74 x ms = Hout + Hreaksi - Hin +
106.09 ms
2,015.65 x ms = 344,843,418.12 +
-1,002.95
- 13,885,765.19
2,015.65 x ms =
330,956,649.98
ms =
164,193.55
kg
Qsupplai
Qloss
= ms x
=
164,193.55
x 2,121.74
=
348,375,421.03 kJ
= 0.05 x Qsupplai
= 0.05 x
348,375,421.03
= 17,418,771.05 kJ
Tabel B.2.3 Neraca Energi Total pada Liquification Tank

Energi masuk (kJ)
Energi keluar (kJ)
Aliran <6>
Aliran <8>
H
=
13,885,765.19 H
=
344,843,418.12
Aliran <7>
Qloss
=
17,418,771.05
H
=
2,005.89
Hreaksi
=
-1,002.95
Qsupplai
=
348,375,421.03
Total
=
362,262,189.17 Total
=
362,262,189.17
B.3 Cooler (E-122)
Air pendingin masuk
303,15 K
378,15 K
Mixing Tank
333,15 K
Cooler
9
313,15 K
Air Pendingin keluar
Fungsi : sebagai pendingin mash sebelum masuk tangki sakarifikasi
B-73

Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
Moisture (air)
958,943.29
4.19
Karbohidrat
7,671.55
1.34
Protein
5,415.21
5.51
<8> Fiber
3,610.14
1.34
Impurities
6,769.01
1.59
-amilase
460.30
1.34
Dextrin
145,759.38
1.64
CpT
(kJ/kg)
334.96
107.12
440.81
107.19
127.28
107.12
131.24

Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
Moisture (air)
958,943.29
4.19
Karbohidrat
7,671.55
1.34
Protein
5,415.21
5.51
<9> Fiber
3,610.14
1.34
Impurities
6,769.01
1.59
-amilase
460.30
1.34
Dextrin
145,759.38
1.64
CpT
(kJ/kg)
146.55
46.87
192.85
46.89
55.69
46.87
57.42
H (kJ)
321,207,644.67
821,777.64
2,387,064.06
386,960.74
861,592.27
49,307.15
19,129,071.59
H (kJ)
140,528,344.54
359,527.72
1,044,340.53
169,295.32
376,946.62
21,571.88
8,368,968.82
Menghitung jumlah air pendingin yang dibutuhkan

Ditetapkan air masuk = 303,15 K, beda suhu = 10 K, sehingga suhu air keluar = 313,15 K
Panas (Q) yang diserap air pendingin pada suhu 303,15 K
Q = ma x Cp x t
= ma x 4,187 x (303,15-298,15)
= 20.94 ma
Panas (Q) yang diserap air pendingin pada suhu 313,15 K
Q = ma x Cp x t
= ma x 4,187 x (313,15-298,15)
= 62.81 ma
Panas (Q) yang diserap air pendingin = 62.81 ma - 20.94 ma
= 41.87 ma
Neraca Energi
H bahan masuk
= H bahan keluar + Q yang diserap air pendingin
344,843,418.12
=
150,868,995.43 +
41.87 ma
ma
= 4,632,778.19 kg
Panas (Q) yang diserap air pendingin
=
=
41.87 ma
193,974,422.69
B-74
kJ
Tabel B.3.3 Neraca Energi Total pada Cooler

Energi masuk (kJ)
Aliran <8>
H
=
344,843,418.12 H
Qdiserap
Total
=
344,843,418.12 Total
Energi keluar (kJ)

Aliran <9>
=
150,868,995.43
=
193,974,422.69
=
344,843,418.12
B.4 Saccharafication Tank (R-120)
333,15 K
Cooler
303,15 K
303,15 K
10
11
333,15 K
Sterilization
12

Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
Moisture (air)
958,943.29
4.19
Karbohidrat
7,671.55
1.34
Protein
5,415.21
5.51
<9> Fiber
3,610.14
1.34
Impurities
6,769.01
1.59
-amilase
460.30
1.34
Dextrin
145,759.38
1.64
H2SO4
0.65
1.40
<10>
Air
0.01
4.19
<11> Glukoamilase
8.99
0.00
Reaksi yang terjadi pada Saccharification Tank
1. (C6H10O5)10 + 10 H2O
2. 2(C6H10O5)1000 + 1000 H2O
CpT
(kJ/kg)
146.55
46.87
192.85
46.89
55.69
46.87
57.42
49.09
146.55
0.09
10(C6H12O6)
1000(C12H22O11)
Data panas pembentukan (Hf)

Hf (C6H10O5)1000
= -3,792,994,196.62 kJ/kmol
Hf (C6H10O5)10
=
-37,940,558.29 kJ/kmol
Hf H2O
=
-286,044.95
kJ/kmol
Hc C6H12O6
=
-3,194,681.00
kJ/kmol
Hf C6H12O6
= Hc - 393.794,887 (a) - 143.022,477 (b)
Hc C12H22O11
=
-5,650,356.50
kJ/kmol
Hf C12H22O11
= Hc - 393.794,887 (a) - 143.022,477 (b)
Jika:
a = Jumlah atom C
b = Jumlah atom H
B-75
H (kJ)
140,528,344.54
359,527.72
1,044,340.53
169,295.32
376,946.62
21,571.88
8,368,968.82
32.02
1.06
0.79
Maka:
Hf C6H12O6
Hf C12H22O11
=
=
=
=
=
=
Hc - 393.794,887 (a) - 143.022,477 (b)

-3.194.681 - 393.794,887 (6) - 143.022,477 (12)
-7,273,720.05
kJ/kmol
Hc - 393.794,887 (a) - 143.022,477 (b)
-5.650.356,5 - 393.794,887 (12) - 143.022,477 (22)
-13,522,389.64
kJ/kmol
Reaksi I
1. (C6H10O5)10 + 10 H2O
mol yang bereaksi
H reaksi pada 298,15 K
H produk (glukosa)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
10(C6H12O6)
56.808 kmol
Hf produk - Hf reaktan
n x (Hf produk - Hf reaktan)
56.808 ((-7.273.720,046 x 10)((-286.044,954 x 10)+(-37.940.558,289)))
-1,814,237,337.926 kJ
m x Cp x t
102,254.744 x 0,067 x (303,15-298,15)
34,251.249 kJ
378,15
H reaktan (dextrin)

298,15
H reaktan (H2O)
H reaksi I
Reaksi II
2. 2(C6H10O5)1000 + 1000 H2O
mol yang bereaksi
H reaksi pada 298,15 K
H produk (maltosa)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
57,783 x 1.620 x 0,291 + 0,00096t

57,783 x 1.620 x 120,887
11,125,148.23 kJ
m x Cp x t
568.08 x 18 x 4,187 x (303,15-298,15)
214,070.31 kJ
H produk+H reaksi-H reaktan
34.838,956+(-1.845.367.280,106)(11.316.041,232+217.743,474)
= -1,825,542,305.21 kJ
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1000(C12H22O11)
0.029 kmol
Hf produk - Hf reaktan
n x (Hf produk - Hf reaktan)
0.03 ((-13.522.389,638 x 1000)((-286.044,954 x 1000)+
(2x(-3.792.994.196,625))))
-165,456,969.40 kJ
m x Cp x t
5,007.3 x 1,34 x (303,15-298,15)
33,545.04 kJ
B-76
378,15
H reaktan (pati)

298,15
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0,030 x 162.000 x 0,291 + 0,00096t

0,030 x 162.000 x 120,887
573,461.25 kJ
H reaktan (H2O)
m x Cp x t
14.64
x 18 x 4,187 x (303,15-298,15)
5,517.28
kJ
H reaksi II
H produk+H reaksi-H reaktan
34.120,627+(-168.295.994,804)(583.301,094+5.611,945)
=
-166,002,402.89 kJ
H reaksi total
= H reaksi I + H reaksi II
= -1.856.866.225,857 + -168.850.787,216
= -1,991,544,708.10 kJ
H Reaksi bernilai negatif, maka reaksi bersifat eksotermis sehingga untuk
mempertahankan suhu di Saccharification Tank diperlukan air pendingin.
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
Air
613,692.15
4.19
Karbohidrat
249.67
1.34
Protein
3,524.79
5.51
Fiber
2,349.86
1.34
Impurities
4,405.98
1.59
<12> -amilase
299.61
1.34
Dextrin
2,846.27
1.64
Glukoamilase
8.99
0.00
H2SO4
0.65
1.40
Maltosa
5,007.32
1.26
Glukosa
102,254.74
1.97
CpT
(kJ/kg)
146.55
46.87
192.85
46.89
55.69
46.87
57.42
0.09
49.09
44.11
68.88
H (kJ)
89,933,515.62
11,700.92
679,766.66
110,195.20
245,356.51
14,041.25
163,422.16
0.79
32.02
220,873.11
7,042,913.10
Tabel B.4.3 Neraca Energi Total pada Saccharification Tank

Energi masuk (kJ)
Energi keluar (kJ)
Aliran <9>
Aliran <12>
H
=
150,868,995.43 H
=
98,421,817.34
Aliran <10>
H
=
33.08
Aliran <11>
H
=
0.79
H reaksi
=
-1,991,544,708.10
Q diserap
=
1,939,097,496.13
Total
=
98,421,817.34 Total
=
98,421,817.34
B-77
B.5 Sterilization (E-222A)

Saturated Steam
421,15 K
333,15 K
393,15 K
Cooler
Sterilization
12
13
Kondensat
421,15 K
Fungsi : Mensterilkan medium dari mikroorganisme yang tidak diinginkan yang dapat
mengganggu proses fermentasi
CpT
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
H (kJ)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
Air
613,692.15
4.19
146.55
89,933,515.62
Karbohidrat
249.67
1.34
46.87
11,700.92
Protein
3,524.79
5.51
192.85
679,766.66
Fiber
2,349.86
1.34
46.89
110,195.20
Impurities
4,405.98
1.59
55.69
245,356.51
<12> -amilase
299.61
1.34
46.87
14,041.25
Dextrin
2,846.27
1.64
57.42
163,422.16
Glukoamilase
8.99
0.00
0.09
0.79
H2SO4
0.65
1.40
49.09
32.02
Maltosa
5,007.32
1.26
44.11
220,873.11
Glukosa
102,254.74
1.97
68.88
7,042,913.10
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
Air
613,692.15
4.19
Karbohidrat
249.67
1.34
Protein
3,524.79
5.51
Fiber
2,349.86
1.34
Impurities
4,405.98
1.59
<13> -amilase
299.61
1.34
Dextrin
2,846.27
1.64
Glukoamilase
8.99
0.00
H2SO4
0.65
1.40
Maltosa
5,007.32
1.26
Glukosa
102,254.74
1.97
B-78
CpT
(kJ/kg)
397.77
127.21
523.46
127.28
151.15
127.21
155.84
0.24
133.25
119.73
186.95
H (kJ)
244,105,256.68
31,759.65
1,845,080.93
299,101.27
665,967.66
38,111.96
443,574.42
2.15
86.92
599,512.72
19,116,478.41

Suhu bahan yang masuk dinaikkan sampai 393,15 K dengan menggunakan steam
saturated pada suhu 421,15 K
T (K)
P (kPa)
Hv (kJ/kg)
Hl (kJ/kg)
(kJ/kg)
451.64
421.15
2,745.988
624.019
2,121.736
Neraca Energi :
H bahan masuk + Q yang disupplai = H bahan keluar + Qloss
98,421,817.34
+ (ms x )
=
267,144,932.77
98,421,817.34
+ 2,121.74 ms =
267,144,932.77
2,015.65 ms =
168,723,115.43
ms =
83,706.57
kg
Sehingga:
Panas (Q) yang disupplai
= ms x
=
177,603,279.40 kJ
Qloss
=
5%
x Q supplai
= 0.05 x
177,603,279.40 kJ
= 8,880,163.97 kJ
+
+
5% Qsuplai
106.09 ms
Tabel B.5.3 Neraca Energi Total pada Sterilization

Energi masuk (kJ)
Energi keluar (kJ)
Aliran <12>
Aliran <13>
H
=
98,421,817.34 H
=
267,144,932.77
Q supplai
=
177,603,279.40 Q loss
=
8,880,163.97
Total
=
276,025,096.74 Total
=
276,025,096.74
B.6 Cooler (E-222B)
Air Pendingin Masuk
393,15 K
Sterilization
305,15 K
303,15 K
14
Seeding Tank
Cooler
13
Fermentor Tank
15
313,15 K
305,15 K
Air Pendingin Keluar

Fungsi : Sebagai pendingin mash sebelum masuk Seeding Tank dan Fermentor
CpT
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
H (kJ)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
Air
613,692.15
4.19
397.77
244,105,256.68
Karbohidrat
249.67
1.34
127.21
31,759.65
Protein
3,524.79
5.51
523.46
1,845,080.93
Fiber
2,349.86
1.34
127.28
299,101.27
Impurities
4,405.98
1.59
151.15
665,967.66
<13>
B-79
<13> -amilase
Dextrin
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Maltosa
Glukosa
299.610
2,846.27
8.988
0.652
5,007.320
102,254.744
1.339
1.640
0.003
1.403
1.260
1.968
127.205
155.844
0.239
133.251
119.727
186.950

Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
Air
61,369.21
4.19
Karbohidrat
24.97
1.34
Protein
352.48
5.51
Fiber
234.99
1.34
Impurities
440.60
1.59
<14> -amilase
29.96
1.34
Dextrin
284.63
1.64
Glukoamilase
0.90
0.00
H2SO4
0.07
1.40
Maltosa
500.73
1.26
Glukosa
10,225.47
1.97
Air
552,322.93
4.19
Karbohidrat
224.71
1.34
Protein
3,172.31
5.51
Fiber
2,114.87
1.34
Impurities
3,965.39
1.59
<15> -amilase
269.65
1.34
Dextrin
2,561.64
1.64
Glukoamilase
8.09
0.00
H2SO4
0.59
1.40
Maltosa
4,506.59
1.26
Glukosa
92,029.27
1.97
CpT
(kJ/kg)
29.31
9.37
38.57
9.38
11.14
9.37
11.48
0.02
9.82
8.82
13.78
29.31
9.37
38.57
9.38
11.14
9.37
11.48
0.02
9.82
8.82
13.78
38,111.958
443,574.421
2.145
86.919
599,512.722
19,116,478.413
H (kJ)
1,798,670.31
234.02
13,595.33
2,203.90
4,907.13
280.82
3,268.44
0.02
0.64
4,417.46
140,858.26
16,188,032.81
2,106.17
122,358.00
19,835.14
44,164.17
2,527.42
29,415.99
0.14
5.76
39,757.16
1,267,724.36

Panas (Q) yang diserap oelh air pendingin = ma x Cp x (Tout - Tin)
= ma x 4,187 x (313,15-303,15)
= 41.87 ma
Neraca Energi :
H bahan masuk = H bahan keluar + Q yang diserap air pendingin
267,144,932.77
= 19684363.47 + 41.87 ma
41.87 ma =
247,460,569.30
ma = 5,910,211.83 kg
Sehingga, Panas (Q) yang diserap oleh air pendingin
= 41.870 ma
=
247,460,569.30
B-80
kJ

Energi masuk (kJ)
Aliran <13>
H
=
267,144,932.77 H
Total
Energi keluar (kJ)

Aliran <14>
=
1,968,436.35
Aliran <15>
H
=
17,715,927.12
Q diserap
=
247,460,569.30
267,144,932.77 Total
=
267,144,932.77
B.7 Seeding Tank (R-210)

S. cereviceae
305,15 K
Cooler
14
Udara dan CO2
17 305,15 K
20 305,15 K
Seeding Tank
Fermentor Tank
19
18 305,15 K
16
305,15 K
305,15 K
Udara
Nutrient
Fungsi : Untuk pengembangbiakan S. cereviceae
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
Air
61,369.21
4.19
Karbohidrat
24.97
1.34
Protein
352.48
5.51
Fiber
234.99
1.34
Impurities
440.60
1.59
<14> -amilase
29.96
1.34
Dextrin
284.63
1.64
Glukoamilase
0.90
0.00
H2SO4
0.07
1.40
Maltosa
500.73
1.26
Glukosa
10,225.47
1.97
<17> S. cereviceae
0.03
5.41
<18> Udara
3.52
0.92
Urea
102.25
1.34
<16>
(NH4)H2PO4
20.45
4.44
CpT
(kJ/kg)
29.31
9.37
38.57
9.38
11.14
9.37
11.48
0.02
9.82
8.82
13.78
37.87
6.45
9.38
31.07
H (kJ)

Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
Air
61,369.81
4.19
Karbohidrat
24.97
1.34
Protein
352.48
5.51
CpT
(kJ/kg)
29.31
9.37
38.57
H (kJ)
<19>
B-81
1,798,670.31
234.02
13,595.33
2,203.90
4,907.13
280.82
3,268.44
0.02
0.64
4,417.46
140,858.26
1.03
22.69
959.03
635.36
1,798,687.89
234.02
13,595.33
Fiber
Impurities
-amilase
<19> Dextrin
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Maltosa
Glukosa
Biomass
Nutrient sisa
Udara
<20>
CO2
234.99
440.60
29.96
284.63
0.90
0.07
500.73
10,224.46
0.29
122.67
2.69
1.02
1.34
1.59
1.34
1.64
0.00
1.40
1.26
1.97
1.34
1.85
0.92
0.52
9.38
11.14
9.37
11.48
0.02
9.82
8.82
13.78
9.38
12.97
6.45
3.66
2,203.90
4,907.13
280.82
3,268.44
0.02
0.64
4,417.46
140,844.28
2.69
1,590.78
17.34
3.72
Tabel B.7.3 Neraca Energi Total pada Seeding Tank

Energi masuk (kJ)
Energi keluar (kJ)
Aliran <14>
Aliran <19>
H
=
1,968,436.35 H
=
1,970,033.40
Aliran <17>
Aliran <20>
H
=
1.03 H
=
21.06
Aliran <18>
H
=
22.69
Aliran <16>
H
=
1,594.40
Total
=
1,970,054.46 Total
=
1,970,054.46
B.8 Fermentor Tank (R-220)
305,15 K
15
Antifoam
22 305,15 K
90% Sterilization
305,15 K
37
CO2
Fermentor Tank
Seeding Tank
19
21 305,15 K
305,15 K
23
305,15 K
Nutrient
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
Air
552,322.93
4.19
Karbohidrat
224.71
1.34
Protein
3,172.31
5.51
Fiber
2,114.87
1.34
Impurities
3,965.39
1.59
<15> -amilase
269.65
1.34
B-82
CpT
(kJ/kg)
29.31
9.37
38.57
9.38
11.14
9.37
H (kJ)
16,188,032.81
2,106.17
122,358.00
19,835.14
44,164.17
2,527.42
<15>
Dextrin
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Maltosa
Glukosa
Air
Karbohidrat
Protein
Fiber
Impurities
-amilase
<19> Dextrin
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Maltosa
Glukosa
Biomass
Nutrient sisa
<22> Antifoam
Urea
<21>
(NH4)H2PO4
2,561.64
8.09
0.59
4,506.59
92,029.27
61,369.81
24.97
352.48
234.99
440.60
29.96
284.63
0.90
0.07
500.73
10,224.46
0.29
122.67
735.87
511.27
102.25
1.64
0.00
1.40
1.26
1.97
4.19
1.34
5.51
1.34
1.59
1.34
1.64
0.00
1.40
1.26
1.97
1.34
1.85
3.48
1.59
4.44
11.48
0.02
9.82
8.82
13.78
29.31
9.37
38.57
9.38
11.14
9.37
11.48
0.02
9.82
8.82
13.78
9.38
12.97
24.33
11.14
31.07
29,415.99
0.14
5.76
39,757.16
1,267,724.36
1,798,687.89
234.02
13,595.33
2,203.90
4,907.13
280.82
3,268.44
0.02
0.64
4,417.46
140,844.28
2.69
1,590.78
17,901.01
5,694.21
3,176.77
Reaksi - reaksi yang ada pada Fermentor Tank

S. Cereviceae
2C2H5OH + 2CO2
a) C6H12O6
b) 2C6H12O6 + H2O
c) C6H12O6
Data panas pembentukan (Hf)
Hc C2H5OH
=
-1,367,892.90
Hc C3H8O3
=
-1,659,182.49
Hc CH3COOH
=
-872,319.58
Hc C6H12O6
=
-2,817,851.00
Hc CH3CHO
=
1,193,211.26
Hc CO2
=
0.00
Hf C6H12O6
=
-4,359,555.48
Hf H2O
=
-286,044.95

kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
Reaksi a
S. Cereviceae
C6H12O6
2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Mol yang bereaksi
=
539.67 kmol
H reaksi pada 25 C
= Hc reaktan - Hc produk
= [(n x Hc C6H12O6 )] - [(n x Hc C2H5OH) +
(n x Hc CO2)]
B-83
H produk (etanol)
H produk (CO2)
H reaktan (glukosa)
H reaksi I
Reaksi b
2C6H12O6 + H2O
Mol yang bereaksi
=
H reaksi pada 25 C
= [(548,933 x -2.817.851 )] - [(1.097,865 x -1.367.892,9) +

(1.097,865 x 0)]
=
-44,288,328.20 kJ
= m x Cp x t
= 49,649.866 x 2,186 x (303,15-298,15)
=
542,577.21 kJ
= m x Cp x t
= 47,491.176 x 2,412 x (303,15-298,15)
=
572,675.199 kJ
= m x Cp x t
=
149,239.93 x 1,968 x (303,15-298,15)
= 1,468,438.81 kJ
= H produk + H reaksi pada 298,15 K - H reaktan
= (551.887,13 + 582.501,56) + -45.048.258,05 1.468.438,81
=
-44,641,514.60 kJ
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
H produk (CO2)
=
=
=
H produk (C3H8O3)
=
=
=
H produk (CH3COOH) =
=
=
H reaktan (glukosa)
=
=
=
H reaktan (H2O)
=
=
=
H produk (etanol)

26.75
kmol
Hc reaktan - Hc produk
[(n x Hc C6H12O6)+(n xHc H2O)]-[(n xHc C2H5OH)+
(n xHc C3H8OH)+(n xHc CH3COOH)+(n x Hc CO2)]
[(27,213 x -2.817.851)+(13,607 x -286.044,954)] [(13,607 x -1.367.892,9) + (27,213 x -1.659.182,49) +
(13,607 x -872.319,58) + (27,213 x 0)]
-4,858,165.91 kJ
m x Cp x t
615.348 x 2,186 x (303,15-298,15)
6,724.57 kJ
m x Cp x t
1,177.188 x 2,412 x (303,15-298,15)
14,195.19
kJ
m x Cp x t
2,461.392 x 2,412 x (303,15-298,15)
29,680.84 kJ
m x Cp x t
802.628 x 2,186 x (303,15-298,15)
8,771.173 kJ
m x Cp x t
4,815.77 x 1,968 x (303,15-298,15)
47,384.50 kJ
m x Cp x t
240.788 x 4,187 x (303,15-298,15)
5,040.90 kJ
B-84
H reaksi II

= (6.839,951 + 14.438,757 + 30.190,129 + 8.921,675) +
(-4.941.525,692) - (48.197,556 + 5.127,400)
= -4,851,219.55 kJ
Reaksi c
C6H12O6
Mol yang bereaksi
= 1.3377 kmol
H reaksi pada 25 C
= Hc reaktan - Hc produk
= [(n x Hc C6H12O6)] - [(n x Hc C3H8O3) +
(n x Hc CH3CHO) + (n x Hc CO2)]
= [(1,361 x -2.817.851)] - [(1,361 x -1.659.182,49) +
(1,361 x 1.193.211,26) + (1,361 x 0)]
=
-3,146,140.4 kJ
H produk (C3H8O3)
= m x Cp x t
=
123.1
x 2,412 x (303,15-298,15)
= 1,484.042 kJ
H produk (CH3CHO)
= m x Cp x t
= 58.86 x 2,303 x (303,15-298,15)
=
677.72 kJ
H produk (CO2)
= m x Cp x t
= 58.86 x 2,412 x (303,15-298,15)
=
709.76 kJ
H reaktan (glukosa)
= m x Cp x t
=
240.79 x 1,968 x (303,15-298,15)
= 2,369.23 kJ
H reaksi III
= (1.509,506 + 689,350 + 721,938) + (-3.200.124,049)(2.409,878)
= -3,145,638.09 kJ
H reaksi total
= H reaksi I + H reaksi II + H reaksi III
= -45.382.308,168 + -4.934.460,136 + -3.199.613,132
=
-52,638,372.24 kJ
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
C2H5OH
50,269.56
2.19
Amyl Alkohol
13.04
3.15
Isoamyl Alkohol
14.12
3.15
Butanol
6.52
2.72
Propanol
5.43
2.97
C3 H8 O3
2,584.46
2.41
CH3COOH
802.63
2.24
Air
613,451.96
4.19
Karbohidrat
249.67
1.34
<23>
B-85
CpT
(kJ/kg)
15.30
22.07
22.07
19.05
20.81
16.88
15.68
29.31
9.37
H (kJ)
769,088.98
287.73
311.71
124.19
113.04
43,630.84
12,585.46
17,979,663.43
2,340.18
Protein
<23> Fiber
Impurities
-amilase
Dextrin
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Maltosa
Glukosa
Biomass
Antifoam
CH3CHO
<37> CO2
3,524.79
2,349.86
4,405.98
299.61
2,846.27
8.99
0.65
5,007.32
12.67
736.48
735.87
58.86
48,727.22
5.51
1.34
1.59
1.34
1.64
0.00
1.40
1.26
1.97
1.34
3.48
2.30
2.41
38.57
9.38
11.14
9.37
11.48
0.02
9.82
8.82
13.78
9.38
24.33
16.12
16.88
135,953.33
22,039.04
49,071.30
2,808.25
32,684.43
0.16
6.40
44,174.62
174.57
6,907.39
17,901.01
948.81
822,612.20

Panas (Q) yang diserap oleh air pendingin = ma x Cp x (Tout - Tin)
= ma x 4,187 x (313,15-303,15)
= 41.870 ma
Neraca Energi:
H bahan keluar = H bahan masuk + H reaksi + Q yang diserap air pendingin
19,943,427.088 = 19,712,732.515 +
-52,638,372.238
+ 41.870 ma
41.870 ma = 52,869,066.811
ma = 1,262,695.649 kg
Sehingga, panas (Q) yang diserap oleh air pendingin
= 41.870 ma
=
52,869,066.811 kJ
Tabel B.8.3 Neraca Energi Total pada Fermentor Tank
Energi masuk (kJ)
Energi keluar (kJ)
Aliran <15>
Aliran <23>
H
=
17,715,927.12 H
=
19,120,814.89
Aliran <19>
Aliran <37>
H
=
1,970,033.40 H
=
822,612.20
Aliran <22>
H
=
17,901.01
Aliran <21>
H
=
8,870.99
H reaksi
=
-52,638,372.24
Q diserap
=
52,869,066.81
Total
=
19,943,427.09 Total
=
19,943,427.09
B-86
B.9 Rotary Vacuum Filter (H-224)

Fermentor Tank
305,15 K
Broth Tank
25
23
24 305,15 K 305,15 K
Sludge
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
C2H5OH
50,269.56
2.19
Amyl Alkohol
13.04
3.15
Isoamyl Alkohol
14.12
3.15
Butanol
6.52
2.72
Propanol
5.43
2.97
C3 H8 O3
2,584.46
2.41
CH3COOH
802.63
2.24
CH3CHO
58.86
2.30
Air
613,451.96
4.19
Karbohidrat
249.67
1.34
<23> Protein
3,524.79
5.51
Fiber
2,349.86
1.34
Impurities
4,405.98
1.59
-amilase
299.61
1.34
Dextrin
2,846.27
1.64
Glukoamilase
8.99
0.00
H2SO4
0.65
1.40
Maltosa
5,007.32
1.26
Glukosa
12.67
1.97
Biomass
736.48
1.34
Antifoam
735.87
3.48
CpT
(kJ/kg)
15.30
22.07
22.07
19.05
20.81
16.88
15.68
16.12
29.31
9.37
38.57
9.38
11.14
9.37
11.48
0.02
9.82
8.82
13.78
9.38
24.33
H (kJ)

Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
C2H5OH
47,756.08
2.19
Amyl Alkohol
12.39
3.15
Isoamyl Alkohol
13.42
3.15
Butanol
6.19
2.72
Propanol
5.16
2.97
C
H
O
2,455.24
2.41
<25> 3 8 3
CH3COOH
762.50
2.24
CH3CHO
55.92
2.30
Air
582,779.36
4.19
CpT
(kJ/kg)
15.30
22.07
22.07
19.05
20.81
16.88
15.68
16.12
29.31
H (kJ)
B-87
769,088.98
287.73
311.71
124.19
113.04
43,630.84
12,585.46
948.81
17,979,663.43
2,340.18
135,953.33
22,039.04
49,071.30
2,808.25
32,684.43
0.16
6.40
44,174.62
174.57
6,907.39
17,901.01
730,634.53
273.34
296.12
117.98
107.39
41,449.30
11,956.18
901.37
17,080,680.26
<25>
Maltosa
Glukosa
C2H5OH
Amyl Alkohol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Butanol
Propanol
C3 H8 O3
CH3COOH
CH3CHO
Air
Karbohidrat
<24> Protein
Fiber
Impurities
-amilase
Dextrin
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Maltosa
Glukosa
Biomass
Antifoam
4,756.95
12.04
2,513.48
0.65
0.71
0.33
0.27
129.22
40.13
2.94
30,672.60
249.67
3,524.79
2,349.86
4,405.98
299.61
2,846.27
8.99
0.65
250.37
0.63
736.48
735.87
1.26
1.97
2.19
3.15
3.15
2.72
2.97
2.41
2.24
2.30
4.19
1.34
5.51
1.34
1.59
1.34
1.64
0.00
1.40
1.26
1.97
1.34
3.48
8.82
13.78
15.30
22.07
22.07
19.05
20.81
16.88
15.68
16.12
29.31
9.37
38.57
9.38
11.14
9.37
11.48
0.02
9.82
8.82
13.78
9.38
24.33
41,965.89
165.85
38,454.45
14.39
15.59
6.21
5.65
2,181.54
629.27
47.44
898,983.17
2,340.18
135,953.33
22,039.04
49,071.30
2,808.25
32,684.43
0.16
6.40
2,208.73
8.73
6,907.39
17,901.01
Tabel B.9.3 Neraca Energi Total pada Rotary Vacuum Filter

Energi masuk (kJ)
Energi keluar (kJ)
Aliran <22>
Aliran <25>
H
=
19,120,814.89 H
=
17,908,548.21
Aliran <24>
H
=
1,212,266.67
Total
=
19,120,814.89 Total
=
19,120,814.89
B.10 Preheater Stripper Column (E-311)
Steam 421,15 K
Preheater
Broth Tank
Stripper Column
26
27
305,15 K
353,62 K
Kondensat 421,15 K
B-88

Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
C2H5OH
47,756.08
2.19
Amyl Alkohol
12.39
3.15
Isoamyl Alkohol
13.42
3.15
Butanol
6.19
2.72
Propanol
5.16
2.97
C
H
O
2,455.24
2.41
<26> 3 8 3
CH3COOH
762.50
2.24
CH3CHO
55.92
2.30
Air
582,779.36
4.19
Maltosa
4,756.95
1.26
Glukosa
12.04
1.97
CpT
(kJ/kg)
15.30
22.07
22.07
19.05
20.81
16.88
15.68
16.12
29.31
8.82
13.78
H (kJ)

Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
C2H5OH
47,756.08
2.19
Amyl Alkohol
12.39
3.15
Isoamyl Alkohol
13.42
3.15
Butanol
6.19
2.72
Propanol
5.16
2.97
2,455.24
2.41
<27> C3H8O3
CH3COOH
762.50
2.24
CH3CHO
55.92
2.30
Air
582,779.36
4.19
Maltosa
4,756.95
1.26
Glukosa
12.04
1.97
CpT
(kJ/kg)
121.24
174.89
174.89
150.96
164.90
133.78
124.26
127.74
232.25
69.91
109.16
H (kJ)
730,634.53
273.34
296.12
117.98
107.39
41,449.30
11,956.18
901.37
17,080,680.26
41,965.89
165.85
5,789,773.39
2,166.06
2,346.56
934.89
850.99
328,457.03
94,744.50
7,142.73
135,352,579.29
332,550.66
1,314.21

Suhu bahan keluar sampai 353,62 K dengan steam saturated pada suhu 421,15 K
P (kPa)
T (K)
Hv (kJ/kg)
Hl (kJ/kg)
(kJ/kg)
451.64
421.15
2,745.99
624.02
2,121.74
Neraca Energi:
H bahan masuk + Q yang disuplai
= H bahan keluar + Qloss
17,908,548.21 + (ms x )
=
141,912,860.31
+
17,908,548.21 + 2,121.74 ms =
141,912,860.31
+
2,015.65 ms =
124,004,312.10
ms =
61,520.77
kg
Sehingga:
Panas (Q) yang disuplai = ms x
=
61,520.77
x 2,121.74
=
130,530,854.84 kJ
B-89
0.05 Q disuplai
106.09 ms
Q loss
=
=
=
0.05 Q suplai
0.05 x
130,530,854.84
6,526,542.74 kJ
Tabel B.10.3 Neraca Energi Total pada Preheater Stripper Column

Energi masuk (kJ)
Energi keluar (kJ)
Aliran <26>
Aliran <27>
H
=
17,908,548.21 H
=
141,912,860.31
Q suplai
=
130,530,854.84 Q loss
=
6,526,542.74
Total
=
148,439,403.05 Total
=
148,439,403.05
Untuk neraca berikutnya :
Basis = 1 Jam
Maka aliran <26> dibagi 24
B.11 Stripper Column (D-310A)
350,86 K
Produk Distilat ke
Kolom Rectifying <28>
Dari preheater <27>
353,62 K
Produk Bottom ke
Sludge <29>
359,96 K
Perhitungan Neraca Energi

Qin = Qout
H feed + Q reboiler = Hdistilat + H bottom + Q loss
Tabel B.11.1 Perhitungan Entalpi Bahan Masuk (H F)
Suhu Feed = 80.47 C = 353.62 K
CpT
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg/jam)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
2.33
2.30
127.74
C2H5OH
1,989.84
2.19
121.24
Propanol
0.22
2.97
164.90
Air
24,282.47
4.19
232.25
Butanol
0.26
2.72
150.96
CH3COOH
31.77
2.24
124.26
<26>
B-90
H (kJ/jam)
297.61
241,240.56
35.46
5,639,690.80
38.95
3,947.69
<26>
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3 H8 O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
0.559
0.516
102.302
0.502
198.206
26,608.968
3.153
3.153
2.412
1.968
1.260
174.887
174.887
133.778
109.159
69.908
Tabel B.11.2 Perhitungan Entalpi Destilat (HD)

Entalpi Destilat pada suhu bubble point = 77.71 C = 350.86 K
HD = m x Cp x t
CpT
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg/jam)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
2.33
2.30
121.37
Isoamyl Alkohol
0.56
3.15
166.17
Amyl Alkohol
0.52
3.15
166.17
Butanol
0.26
2.72
143.44
Propanol
0.21
2.97
156.68
C2H5OH (LK)
1,987.85
2.19
115.19
<27>
Air (HK)
3,684.74
4.19
220.68
CH3COOH
0.20
2.24
118.06
C3 H8 O3
0.00
2.41
127.11
Maltosa
0.00
1.26
66.42
Glukosa
0.00
1.97
103.72
Total
5,676.67
Tabel B.11.3 Perhitungan Entalpi Bottom (H B)
Entalpi Bottom pada suhu bubble point = 86.91 C = 360.06 K
HB = m x Cp x t
CpT
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg/jam)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
0.00
2.30
142.56
Isoamyl Alkohol
0.00
3.15
195.18
Amyl Alkohol
0.00
3.15
195.18
Butanol
0.00
2.72
168.48
Propanol
0.00
2.97
184.03
C2H5OH (LK)
1.99
2.19
135.30
<28>
Air (HK)
20,597.73
4.19
259.20
CH3COOH
31.57
2.24
138.67
C3 H8 O3
102.30
2.41
149.30
Maltosa
198.21
1.26
78.02
Glukosa
0.50
1.97
121.82
Total
20,932.30
B-91
97.773
90.252
13,685.710
54.759
13,856.278
5,913,035.846
H (kJ/jam)
282.78
92.90
85.75
37.01
33.68
228,989.48
813,146.94
23.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,042,692.10
H (kJ/jam)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
269.23
5,338,950.97
4,378.04
15,273.60
15,463.96
61.11
5,374,396.95
Menghitung Q reboiler (Qr)

HF + Qr = HD + HB + Q loss
Asumsi :
Q loss =
5% dari panas yang masuk
Q loss =
5% x (HF + Qr)
HF + Qr = HD + HB + Q loss
HF + Qr = HD + HB + ( 0.05 x (HF + Qr))
0.95 (HF + Qr)
= HD + H B
0.95 x (6.014.495,815 + Qr) = 736.887,553 + 5.790.921,706
Qr
=
841,794.734 kJ/jam
Q loss = 0.05 x (6.014.495,815 + 856.882,352)
=
337,741.529 kJ/jam
Tabel B.11.4 Perhitungan Entalpi (HL) Reboiler Masuk
Entalpi reboiler masuk pada buble point =
86.88 C = 360.03 K
HL = m x Cp x t
Cp t
Cp
Komponen
Massa (kg/jam)
H (kJ/jam)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
0.00
2.30
142.50
0.30
C2H5OH
270.99
2.19
135.24
36,649.85
Propanol
0.01
2.97
183.95
2.38
Air
547,167.35
4.19
259.09
141,764,199.39
Butanol
0.01
2.72
168.41
1.25
CH3COOH
161.56
2.24
138.61
22,393.57
Isoamyl Alkohol
0.00
3.15
195.09
0.54
Amyl Alkohol
0.01
3.15
195.09
1.23
C3 H8 O3
102.50
2.41
149.23
15,297.24
Glukosa
0.50
1.97
121.77
61.09
Maltosa
198.22
1.26
77.99
15,458.26
Total
547,901.16
141,854,065.09
Tabel B.11.5 Perhitungan Entalpi (HV) Reboiler Keluar
Entalpi reboiler keluar pada dew point =
87.07 C = 360.22 K
HV = m x Cp x t + m x ref
Cp
ref
Komponen
Massa (kg/jam)
H (kJ/jam)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
0.00
2.30
1.12
0.30
C2H5OH
269.00
2.19
1.95
37,016.87
Propanol
0.01
2.97
2.85
2.41
Air
526,569.62
4.19
0.79
137,266,151.74
Butanol
0.01
2.72
3.87
1.28
CH3COOH
129.98
2.24
1.40
18,255.33
Isoamyl Alkohol
0.00
3.15
4.89
0.55
Amyl Alkohol
0.01
3.15
5.02
1.26
B-92
C3 H8 O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
0.20
0.00
0.01
526,968.85
Qreb + HL = HV + HB
841,794.734 +
141,854,065.1 -
2.41
1.97
1.26
137,321,462.9 -
5.61
13.79
38.43
31.56
0.00
1.59
137,321,462.88
5,374,396.947
Tabel B.11.4 Neraca Energi Total pada Stripper Column

Energi masuk (kJ/jam)
Energi keluar (kJ/jam)
Aliran <27>
Aliran <28>
H
=
5,913,035.85 H
=
1,042,692.10
Qr
=
841,794.73
Aliran <29>
H
=
5,374,396.95
Q loss
=
337,741.53
Total
=
6,754,830.58 Total
=
6,754,830.58
Tabel B.11.5 Neraca Energi Total pada Stripper Column
Energi masuk (kJ)
Energi keluar (kJ)
Aliran <27>
Aliran <28>
H
=
141,912,860.31 H
=
25,024,610.51
Qr
=
20,203,073.62
Aliran <29>
H
=
128,985,526.73
Q loss
=
8,105,796.70
Total
=
162,115,933.93 Total
=
162,115,933.93
B.12 Rectifying Column (D-310B)
Produk Distilat <30>
349,73 K
Dari Stripper Column <28>
350,86 K
Produk Bottom <31>
360,10 K
Perhitungan Neraca Energi

Qin = Qout
H feed + Q reboiler = Hdistilat + H bottom + Q condenser + Q loss
B-93
Tabel B.12.1 Perhitungan Entalpi Bahan Masuk (H F)

Suhu Feed = 77.71 C = 350.86 K
CpT
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg/jam)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
2.330
2.303
121.374
C2H5OH
1,987.847
2.186
115.195
Propanol
0.215
2.973
156.682
Air
3,684.741
4.187
220.680
Butanol
0.258
2.722
143.442
CH3COOH
0.200
2.240
118.064
<28>
Isoamyl Alkohol
0.559
3.153
166.172
Amyl Alkohol
0.516
3.153
166.172
C3 H8 O3
0.000
2.412
127.111
Glukosa
0.000
1.968
103.719
Maltosa
0.000
1.260
66.425
Total
5,676.665
Tabel B.12.2 Perhitungan Entalpi Destilat (HD)
Entalpi Destilat pada suhu bubble point = 76.58 C = 349.73 K
HD = m x Cp x t
CpT
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg/jam)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
2.330
2.303
118.777
C2H5OH (LK)
1,985.859
2.186
112.730
Propanol
0.211
2.973
153.331
Air (HK)
79.142
4.187
215.959
Butanol
0.190
2.722
140.373
Isoamyl Alkohol
0.507
3.153
162.617
<30>
Amyl Alkohol
0.109
3.153
162.617
CH3COOH
0.000
2.240
115.538
C3 H8 O3
0.000
2.412
124.392
Maltosa
0.000
1.260
65.004
Glukosa
0.000
1.968
101.501
Total
2,068.348
Perhitungan Reflux
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
BM
44
46
60
18
74
60
88
88
Massa (kg/jam) kmol

2.330
0.053
1,985.859
43.171
0.211
0.004
79.142
4.397
0.190
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.507
0.006
0.109
0.001
B-94
yD
1.11E-03
0.906
7.39E-05
0.092
5.40E-05
1.39E-13
1.21E-04
2.61E-05
H (kJ/jam)
282.782
228,989.482
33.678
813,146.938
37.007
23.566
92.900
85.751
0.000
0.000
0.000
1,042,692.104
H (kJ/jam)
276.733
223,866.819
32.378
17,091.322
26.715
82.383
17.806
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
241,394.155
C3 H8 O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
92
180
342
0.000
0.000
0.000
2,068.348
0.000
0.000
0.000
47.634
1.60E-71
9.43E-154
1.04E-117
1.000
Data Heat Latent masing-masing komponen pada saat Tref

Komponen
BM
ref (kJ/mol)
ref (kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
44
25.470
1.121
C2H5OH
46
42.320
1.947
Propanol
60
47.450
2.847
Air
18
43.980
0.792
Butanol
74
52.350
3.874
CH3COOH
60
23.360
1.402
Isoamyl Alkohol
88
55.610
4.894
Amyl Alkohol
88
57.020
5.018
C3 H8 O3
92
61.000
5.612
Glukosa
180
76.626
13.793
Maltosa
342
112.363
38.428
Tabel B.12.3 Perhitungan Entalpi (HV) Kondensor Masuk
Entalpi kondensor masuk pada dew point =
76.62 C = 349.77 K
Cp
ref
Komponen
Massa (kg/jam)
H (kJ/jam)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
5.825
2.303
1.121
698.978
C2H5OH
4,964.648
2.186
1.947
569,831.931
Propanol
0.528
2.973
2.847
82.520
Air
197.854
4.187
0.792
42,923.116
Butanol
0.476
2.722
3.874
68.692
CH3COOH
0.000
3.153
1.402
0.000
Isoamyl Alkohol
1.267
3.153
4.894
212.338
Amyl Alkohol
0.274
2.240
5.018
33.028
C3 H8 O3
0.000
2.412
5.612
0.000
Glukosa
0.000
1.260
13.793
0.000
Maltosa
0.000
1.968
38.428
0.000
Total
5,170.870
613,850.603
Tabel B.12.4 Perhitungan Entalpi (HL) Kondensor Keluar
Entalpi kondensor keluar pada buble point =
76.58 C = 349.73 K
HL = m x Cp x t
Cp t
Cp
Komponen
Massa (kg/jam)
H (kJ/jam)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
3.495
2.303
118.777
415.099
C2H5OH
2,978.789
2.186
112.730
335,800.228
Propanol
0.317
2.973
153.331
48.567
B-95
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3 H8 O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
118.712
0.285
0.000
0.760
0.164
0.000
0.000
0.000
3,102.522
4.187
2.722
3.153
3.153
2.240
2.412
1.260
1.968
215.959
140.373
162.617
162.617
115.538
124.392
65.004
101.501
Tabel B.12.5 Perhitungan Entalpi Bottom (H B)

Entalpi Bottom pada suhu bubble point = 86.95 C = 360.10 K
HB = m x Cp x t
CpT
Cp
Aliran
Komponen
Massa (kg/jam)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
0.000
2.303
142.666
C2H5OH (LK)
1.988
2.186
135.403
Propanol
0.004
2.973
184.168
Air (HK)
3,605.599
4.187
259.392
Butanol
0.068
2.722
168.605
Isoamyl Alkohol
0.052
3.153
195.322
<31>
Amyl Alkohol
0.407
3.153
195.322
CH3COOH
0.200
2.240
138.775
C3 H8 O3
0.000
2.412
149.410
Maltosa
0.000
1.260
78.077
Glukosa
0.000
1.968
121.914
Total
3,608.317
Sehingga Qc
= HV - H L
=
613,850.603
=
251,767.102
25,636.984
40.073
0.000
123.574
18.976
0.000
0.000
0.000
362,083.500
H (kJ/jam)
362,083.500
kJ/jam
Menghitung Q reboiler (Qr)

HF + Qr = HD + HB +Qc + Q loss
Asumsi :
Q loss =
5% dari panas yang masuk
Q loss =
5% x (HF + Qr)
HF + Qr = HD + HB +Qc + Q loss
HF + Qr = HD + HB +Qc + (
0.05 x (HF + Qr))
0.95 (HF + Qr)
= HD + HB +Qc
0.95 x (1.042.692,104 + Qr) = 241.394,155 + 935.661,909 + 251.767.102
Qr
=
461,332.281 kJ/jam
Q loss = 0.05 x (1.042.692,104 + 430.922,454)
=
75,201.219 kJ/jam
B-96
0.000
269.160
0.697
935,263.289
11.410
10.246
79.407
27.701
0.000
0.000
0.000
935,661.909
Tabel B.12.6 Perhitungan Entalpi (HL) Reboiler Masuk

Entalpi reboiler masuk pada buble point =
86.15 C = 359.30 K
HL = m x Cp x t
Cp t
Cp
Komponen
Massa (kg/jam)
H (kJ/jam)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
0.000
2.973
181.796
0.000
C2H5OH
199.438
4.187
256.051
51,066.254
Propanol
0.455
2.722
166.433
75.729
Air
67,550.832
3.153
192.806
13,024,211.553
Butanol
10.251
3.153
192.806
1,976.424
CH3COOH
0.791
2.240
136.987
108.300
Isoamyl Alkohol
14.751
2.412
147.485
2,175.503
Amyl Alkohol
85.048
1.260
77.071
6,554.780
C3 H8 O3
0.000
1.968
120.344
0.000
Glukosa
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Maltosa
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Total
67,861.566
13,086,168.542
Tabel B.12.5 Perhitungan Entalpi (HV) Reboiler Keluar
Entalpi reboiler keluar pada dew point =
86.99 C = 360.14 K
Cp
ref
Komponen
Massa (kg/jam)
H (kJ/jam)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
0.000
2.973
1.121
0.000
C2H5OH
197.450
4.187
1.947
51,634.885
Propanol
0.451
2.722
2.847
77.414
Air
63,945.233
3.153
0.792
12,548,706.948
Butanol
10.183
3.153
3.874
2,029.746
CH3COOH
0.591
2.240
1.402
82.894
Isoamyl Alkohol
14.698
2.412
4.894
2,269.419
Amyl Alkohol
84.642
1.260
5.018
7,037.608
C3 H8 O3
0.000
1.968
5.612
0.000
Glukosa
0.000
0.000
13.793
0.000
Maltosa
0.000
0.000
38.428
0.000
Total
64,253.249
12,611,838.915
Qreb + HL = HV + HB
461,332.281 +
13,086,168.5
12,611,838.9 -
935,661.909
Tabel B.12.6 Neraca Energi Total pada Rectifying Column

Energi masuk (kJ/jam)
Energi keluar (kJ/jam)
Aliran <28>
Aliran <30>
H
=
1,042,692.104 H
=
241,394.155
Qr
=
461,332.281
Aliran <31>
B-97
Total
H
Qc
Q loss
1,504,024.385 Total
=
=
=
=
935,661.909
251,767.102
75,201.219
1,504,024.385
Tabel B.12.7 Neraca Energi Total pada Rectifying Column

Energi masuk (kJ)
Energi keluar (kJ)
Aliran <28>
Aliran <30>
H
=
25,024,610.51 H
=
5,793,459.72
Qr
=
11,071,974.74
Aliran <31>
H
=
22,455,885.81
Qc
=
6,042,410.46
Q loss
=
1,804,829.26
Total
=
36,096,585.25 Total
=
36,096,585.25
B.13 Vaporizer (V-320)
Menuju Molecular Sieve <32>
Steam 421,15 K
Dari Rectifying Column <30>
349,73 K
Steam condensate 421,15 K

Fungsi : Merubah fasa liquid menjadi vapor
Tabel B.13.1 Perhitungan Entalpi Vaporizer Masuk
Entalpi vaporizer masuk =
76.58 C = 349.73 K
H = m x Cp x t
Cp t
Cp
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
55.92
2.30
118.78
C2H5OH
47,660.62
2.19
112.73
Propanol
5.07
2.97
153.33
Air
1,899.40
4.19
215.96
Butanol
4.57
2.72
140.37
CH3COOH
12.16
3.15
162.62
Isoamyl Alkohol
2.63
3.15
162.62
Amyl Alkohol
0.00
2.24
115.54
B-98
H (kJ)
6,641.59
5,372,803.65
777.07
410,191.74
641.17
1,977.18
427.33
0.00
C3 H8 O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
0.00
0.00
0.00
49,640.35
2.41
1.26
1.97
124.39
65.00
101.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
5,793,459.72
Tabel B.13.2 Perhitungan Entalpi Vaporizer Keluar

Entalpi vaporizer keluar =
90.00 C (asumsi)
= 363.15 K
H = m x Cp x t + m x ref
Cp
ref
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
55.92
2.30
1.12
C2H5OH
47,660.62
2.19
1.95
Propanol
5.07
2.97
2.85
Air
1,899.40
4.19
0.79
Butanol
4.57
2.72
3.87
CH3COOH
12.16
3.15
1.40
Isoamyl Alkohol
2.63
3.15
4.89
Amyl Alkohol
0.00
2.24
5.02
C3 H8 O3
0.00
2.41
5.61
Glukosa
0.00
1.26
13.79
Maltosa
0.00
1.97
38.43
Total
49,640.35
H (kJ)
8,432.51
6,863,683.22
993.70
518,434.46
825.71
2,508.72
551.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7,395,429.71

Suhu bahan keluar sampai 363,15 K dengan steam saturated pada suhu 421,15 K
P (kPa)
T (K)
Hv (kJ/kg)
Hl (kJ/kg)
(kJ/kg)
451.64
421.15
2,745.99
624.02
2,121.74
Neraca Energi:
H bahan masuk + Q yang disuplai
= H bahan keluar + Qloss
5,793,459.72 + (ms x )
=
7,395,429.71
+
5,793,459.72 + 2,121.74 ms =
7,395,429.71
+
2,015.65 ms =
1,601,969.99
ms =
794.77
kg
Sehingga:
Panas (Q) yang disuplai = ms x
=
794.77
x 2,121.74
=
1,686,284.20
kJ
Q loss = 0.05 Q suplai
= 0.05 x
1,686,284.196
=
84,314.21
kJ
0.05 Q disuplai
106.09 ms
Tabel B.13.3 Neraca Energi Total pada Vaporizer

Energi masuk (kJ)
Energi keluar (kJ)
Aliran <30>
Aliran <32>
B-99
H
Q supplai
Total
=
=
=
5,793,459.722 H
1,686,284.196 Q loss
7,479,743.918 Total
=
=
=
7,395,429.709
84,314.210
7,479,743.918
14. Molecular Sieve Tank (F-330)

390,91 K
33
Vaporizer
32
363,15 K
34
361,15 K
Fungsi: Untuk mengurangi kadar air dalam ethanol sehingga diperoleh

ethanol 99,5% volume
Tabel B.14.1 Perhitungan Entalpi Molecular Sieve Tank Masuk
Entalpi molecular sieve masuk = 90.00 C = 363.15 K
Cp
ref
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
55.92
2.30
1.12
C2H5OH
47,660.62
2.19
1.95
Propanol
5.07
2.97
2.85
Air
1,899.40
4.19
0.79
Butanol
4.57
2.72
3.87
CH3COOH
12.16
3.15
1.40
Isoamyl Alkohol
2.63
3.15
4.89
Amyl Alkohol
0.00
2.24
5.02
C3 H8 O3
0.00
2.41
5.61
Glukosa
0.00
1.26
13.79
Maltosa
0.00
1.97
38.43
Total
49,640.354
Tabel B.14.2 Perhitungan Entalpi Air dalam Molecular Sieve Tank
Entalpi air dalam molecular sieve =
117.76 C = 390.91 K
Cp
ref
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
Air
1,803.99
4.19
0.79
Tabel B.14.3 Perhitungan Entalpi Molecular Sieve Keluar Tank

Entalpi molecular sieve keluar =
88.00 C (asumsi)
= 361.15 K
B-100
H (kJ)
8,432.51
6,863,683.22
993.70
518,434.46
825.71
2,508.72
551.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7,395,429.709
H (kJ)
702,041.66
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3 H8 O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
Cp
(kJ/kg K)
2.30
2.19
2.97
4.19
2.72
3.15
3.15
2.24
2.41
1.26
1.97
Massa (kg)
55.92
47,660.62
5.07
95.41
4.57
0.00
12.16
2.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
47,836.36
ref
(kJ/kg)
1.12
1.95
2.85
0.79
3.87
1.40
4.89
5.02
5.61
13.79
38.43
H (kJ)
8,174.98
6,655,347.79
963.57
25,242.32
800.85
0.00
2,474.51
384.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
6,693,388.05
Tabel B.14.4 Neraca Energi Total pada Molecular Sieve Tank

Energi masuk (kJ)
Energi keluar (kJ)
Aliran <32>
Aliran <33>
H
=
7,395,429.71 H
=
702,041.66
Aliran <34>
H
=
6,693,388.05
Total
=
7,395,429.71 Total
=
7,395,429.71
15. Condensor (E-332A)
Air 30 C
Condensor
35
34
323,15 K
361,15 K
Air 40 C
Fungsi: Untuk mengubah fasa vapor menjadi liquid
Tabel B.15.1 Perhitungan Entalpi Condensor Masuk
Entalpi condensor masuk =
88.00 C = 361.15 K
Cp
ref
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
55.92
2.30
1.12
C2H5OH
47,660.62
2.19
1.95
Propanol
5.07
2.97
2.85
Air
95.41
4.19
0.79
Butanol
4.57
2.72
3.87
B-101
H (kJ)
8,174.98
6,655,347.79
963.57
25,242.32
800.85
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3 H8 O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
0.00
12.16
2.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
47,836.36
3.15
3.15
2.24
2.41
1.26
1.97
1.40
4.89
5.02
5.61
13.79
38.43
Tabel B.15.2 Perhitungan Entalpi Condensor Keluar

Entalpi condensor keluar =
50.00 C = 323.15 K
H = m x Cp x t
Cp t
Cp
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
(kJ/kg)
CH3CHO
55.92
2.30
57.57
C2H5OH
47,660.62
2.19
54.64
Propanol
5.07
2.97
74.32
Air
95.41
4.19
104.68
Butanol
4.57
2.72
68.04
CH3COOH
0.00
3.15
78.82
Isoamyl Alkohol
12.16
3.15
78.82
Amyl Alkohol
2.63
2.24
56.00
C3 H8 O3
0.00
2.41
60.29
Glukosa
0.00
1.26
31.51
Maltosa
0.00
1.97
49.20
Total
47,836.36
0.00
2,474.51
384.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
6,693,388.05
H (kJ)
3,219.17
2,604,192.82
376.64
9,986.82
310.78
0.00
958.34
147.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
2,619,191.73

= ma x 4,187 x (313,15-303,15)
= 41.87 ma
Neraca Energi:
6,693,388.05 = 2,619,191.73 + 41.87 ma
41.87 ma = 4,074,196.32
ma =
97,305.86
kg
= 41.870 ma
=
4,074,196.316
kJ
Tabel B.15.3 Neraca Energi Total pada Condensor

Energi masuk (kJ)
Energi keluar (kJ)
Aliran <34>
Aliran <35>
H
=
6,693,388.05 H
=
2,619,191.73
Q serap
=
4,074,196.32
Total
=
6,693,388.05 Total
=
6,693,388.05
B-102
16. Cooler (E-332B)

Air 30 C
Cooler
36
35
308,15 K
323,15 K
Air 40 C
Fungsi: Untuk menghasilkan Etanol dengan suhu 35 C
Tabel B.16.1 Perhitungan Entalpi Cooler Masuk
Entalpi cooler masuk =
50.00 C = 323.15 K
H = m x Cp x t
Cp
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
CH3CHO
55.92
2.30
C2H5OH
47,660.62
2.19
Propanol
5.07
2.97
Air
95.41
4.19
Butanol
4.57
2.72
CH3COOH
0.00
3.15
Isoamyl Alkohol
12.16
3.15
Amyl Alkohol
2.63
2.24
C3 H8 O3
0.00
2.41
Glukosa
0.00
1.26
Maltosa
0.00
1.97
Total
47,836.36
Tabel B.15.2 Perhitungan Entalpi Cooler Keluar
Entalpi cooler keluar =
35.00 C = 308.15 K
H = m x Cp x t
Cp
Komponen
Massa (kg)
(kJ/kg K)
CH3CHO
55.92
2.30
C2H5OH
47,660.62
2.19
Propanol
5.07
2.97
Air
95.41
4.19
Butanol
4.57
2.72
CH3COOH
0.00
3.15
Isoamyl Alkohol
12.16
3.15
Amyl Alkohol
2.63
2.24
C3 H8 O3
0.00
2.41
Glukosa
0.00
1.26
Maltosa
0.00
1.97
B-103
Cp t
(kJ/kg)
57.57
54.64
74.32
104.68
68.04
78.82
78.82
56.00
60.29
31.51
49.20
H (kJ)
Cp t
(kJ/kg)
23.03
21.86
29.73
41.87
27.22
31.53
31.53
22.40
24.12
12.60
19.68
H (kJ)
3,219.17
2,604,192.82
376.64
9,986.82
310.78
0.00
958.34
147.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
2,619,191.73
1,287.67
1,041,677.13
150.66
3,994.73
124.31
0.00
383.34
58.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
Total
47,836.36
1,047,676.69

= ma x 4,187 x (313,15-303,15)
= 41.87 ma
Neraca Energi:
2,619,191.735 = 1,047,676.69 + 41.87 ma
41.870 ma = 1,571,515.04
ma =
37,533.20
kg
= 41.870 ma
=
1,571,515.041
Energi masuk (kJ)
Aliran <35>
H
=
2,619,191.73 H
Q serap
Total
=
2,619,191.73 Total
B-104
kJ
Energi keluar (kJ)

Aliran <36>
=
1,047,676.69
=
1,571,515.04
=
2,619,191.73
APPENDIKS C
SPESIFIKASI PERALATAN
C.1 Singkong gajah Storage ( F111 )
Fungsi
Tipe
Dasar Pemilihan
:
:
:
singkong gajah
Dasar Perencanaan
Bahan Konstruksi
Rate
Volume Bahan
=
=
=
Menyimpan bahan baku singkong gajah

Lapangan terbuka
Sesuai dengan karakteristik bahan
3
1,321 kg/m
Beton
302,817
302,817
1,321
kg/day
kg/day =
3
kg/m
229.23
m3/day
penyimpanan direncanakan untuk 2 day dengan 1 buah yard

sehingga volume bahan
=
229.23
x
2
=
Faktor Keamanan 30 %, sehingga bahan mengisi 70% volume gudang
Volume gudang
=
1/0,7
x
458.5
=
Volume gudang
= panjang x lebar x tinggi
asumsi :
tinggi
=
2x
panjang & lebar
=
3x
3
Volume
= (3x3x2)x
654.951
panjang gudang
lebar gudang
tinggi gudang
=
=
=
SPESIFIKASI :
Nama alat
Fungsi
Tipe
panjang
lebar
tinggi
kostruksi
jumlah
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
x
10
10
6.63
=
=
m
m
m
18
654.95
3
458.5 m
m3
x3
36.386
3.314 m
Cassava Storage
Menyimpan bahan baku singkong gajah
Lapangan terbuka
10 m
10 m
6.63 m
dasar beton dinding batako
1 buah
C.2 Belt Conveyor (J-112A)

Fungsi
Untuk mengumpankan bahan singkong gajah dari gudang penyimpanan

menuju ke peeler
C-105
Tipe
:
Dasar pemilihan :
Troughed Antifriction Idlers (on 20 idlers)

Untuk memindah material dengan kapasitas besar
pada jarak jauh dan ekonomis
Density singkong gajah

:
Singkong gajah yg dipindahkan :
Diameter
Panjang
:
:
1,321
12,617
35
10
kg/ m3
kg/h
cm
m
lb/ft3
82.47
(www.matche.com)
=
=
1.15 ft
32.81 ft
(Perry's edisi V Tabel 7-7 Hal 7-10)
Perhitungan :
3
Berdasarkan tabel 7-7 Perry ed. 6, data untuk massa jenis 100 lb/ft , sehingga setara
dengan kapasitas :
Kapasitas
=
(
100
:
82.47 ) x
12,617.37 kg/h
=
15,299.8 kg/h
=
15.2998
ton/h
Dipilih ukuran belt 14 inch dengan kecepatan 100 ft/min
Dari tabel didapatkan, untuk kapasitas 32 ton/h
Kecepatan belt
=
15.2998 / 32 x 100
=
47.812
ft/min
Daya yang dibutuhkan untuk panjag conveyor
=
32.81 ft
HP
=
32.81 x 0,34 /10ft
=
1.115
HP
Asumsi efisiensi motor 60%, sehingga daya yang dibutuhkan
HP
=
1.115 /0,6
=
1.859
HP
Maka digunakan motor berdaya
=
2 HP
SPESIFIKASI :
Fungsi
Jenis
Kapasitas
Panjang
Lebar
=
=
=
=
=
Luas penampang
Belt ply
Kecepatan belt
Pemasangan
Jumlah
Daya
=
=
=
=
=
=
Mengalirkan bahan baku padat menuju peeler

Through Belt Conveyor
15.2998
ton/h
10 m
35.6 cm
2
2
0.11 ft
=
0.1 m
4
31.25 ft/min
x
0.305 m/ft
=
9.53 m/min
Horizontal
1 buah
2 Hp
C.3 Peeler (C-112B)

Fungsi
Dasar pemilihan
Tipe alat
Kapasitas
SPESIFIKASI :
Kapasitas maksimum
Maksimal reduction ratio
power yang dibutuhkan
:
:
:
:
Memisahkan daging Singkong gajah dari kulitnya

Pemisahan kulit singkong gajah dengan kapasitas besar
Rotary drum inlet dengan razor sharp alloy blades
12,617
kg/h
=
3.50 kg/s
=
=
=
=
50
kg/s
=
180,000
kg/h
50
100
x kapasitas
350.5
kg/s
=
350.5
C-106
kW
1m
1kg
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
=
=
Carbon steel
1
buah
C.4 Washing Tank (F-112C)

Fungsi
Dasar pemilihan
Tipe alat
Kapasitas
:
:
:
:
larutan
Volume
:
:
Membersihkan singkong gajah yang sudah dipisah dari kulitnya

Pembersihan singkong gajah dalam jumlah besar
Tangki silinder terbuka
12,617.37 kg/h
=
3.50 kg/s
3
1,072.69 kg/m
12,617.37
11.76 m3/h
=
1,072.69
Asumsi :
Volume tangki (V)
Volume tangki (V)
H
Volume tangki (V)
Volume tangki (V)
=
=
=
2.5
2
D H
1.5
=
=
2.5
2.5
x
x
=
=
D
Tangki silinder terbuka m3/h
11.76
29.41
m3/h
2
x D x 1.5D
3
4.71 D
29.41
=
3
D
=
D
=
H
=
Menghitung tinggi liquid
Volume liquid
Volume liquid
Volume Liquid
3
6.24 m
1.84 m
2.76 m
=
=
11.76
m3/h
2
x D tangki x Hliquid
11.76
10.65 Hliquid
Hliquid
1.10 m
SPESIFIKASI :
Fungsi
Dasar pemilihan
Tipe alat
Kapasitas
=
=
=
=
Volume tangki (V)
Volume liquid
Diameter tangki
1.84
Tinggi Tangki
2.76
Membersihkan singkong gajah yang sudah dipisah dari kulitnya

Pembersihan singkong gajah dalam jumlah besar
12,617.37 kg/h
3
m /h
29.41
11.76
m3/h
C.5 Belt Conveyor (J-113)

Fungsi
Type
:
Dasar pemilihan :
Untuk mengumpankan bahan singkong gajah dari Washing Tank

ke Belt Rotary Weighing
o
Troughed Antifriction Idlers (on 20 idlers)

Untuk memindah material dengan kapasitas besar
pada jarak jauh dan ekonomis
Density singkong gajah
1,321
kg/ m3
C-107
82.47
lb/ft3
singkong gajah yg dipindahkan
12,617.37
kg/h
Diameter
Panjang
:
:
35
10
cm
m
(www.matche.com)
=
=
1.15 ft
32.81 ft
(Perry's edisi VII Tabel 21-7 Hal 21-11)
Perhitungan :
Berdasarkan tabel 21-7 Perry ed. VII, data untuk massa jenis 100 lb/ft3, sehingga setara dengan
kapasitas :
Kapasitas
=
(
100
:
82.47 ) x
12,617.37 kg/h
=
15,299.8 kg/h
=
15.2998
ton/h
Dipilih ukuran belt 14 inch dengan kecepatan 100 ft/min
Dari tabel didapatkan, untuk kapasitas 32 ton/h
Kecepatan belt
=
15.2998 / 32 x 100
=
47.81
ft/min
Daya yang dibutuhkan untuk conveyor
=
32.81 ft
HP
=
32.81 x 0,34 /10ft
=
1.115
HP
Asumsi efisiensi motor 60%, sehingga daya yang dibutuhkan
HP
=
1.115 /0,6
=
1.859
HP
Maka digunakan motor berdaya
=
2 HP
SPESIFIKASI :
Fungsi
Jenis
Kapasitas
Panjang
Lebar
=
=
=
=
=
Luas penampang
Belt ply
Kecepatan belt
Pemasangan
Jumlah
Daya
=
=
=
=
=
=
Mengalirkan bahan baku padat menuju bucket conveyor

Through Belt Conveyor
15.30
ton/h
10
m
35.6
cm
2
2
m
0.11 ft
=
0.1
4
31.25 ft/min
x
0.305 m/ft
=
9.53 m/min
Horizontal
1 buah
2 Hp
C.6 Belt Rotary Weighing (J-114A)

Fungsi
Tipe
Dimater
Panjang
Kapasitas
=
=
=
=
=
Menimbang berat singkong gajah sebelum masuk ke cutter

Automatic conveyor scale (Load-cell type)
0.35
m
3
m
12,617.37 kg/h
SPESIFIKASI :
Nama alat
Fungsi
Tipe
Kapasitas
Power motor
=
=
=
=
=
Belt Rotary Weighing

Menimbang berat singkong gajah sebelum masuk ke cutter
Automatic conveyor scale (Load-cell type)
12617.37 kg/h
1
Hp
C-108
C.7 Rotary Knife Cutter (C-114B)

Fungsi
Dasar pemilihan
Type alat
Kapasitas
:
:
:
:
Memotong singkong gajah menjadi ukuran kecil

Size reduction untuk material nonabrasive
Rotary knife cutter dengan razor sharp alloy blades
12,617.37 kg/h :
3.50 kg/s
SPESIFIKASI :
Kapasitas maksimum
maks diameter feed masuk
maks reduction ratio ( R )
power yang dibutuhkan
(Ulrich tabel 4-5)
Bahan kostruksi
Jumlah
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
50 kg/s
0.5 m
50
100 x kapasitas
350.5
kW
Carbon steel
1 buah
C.8 Crusher (C-114C)

Fungsi
Dasar pemilihan
Type alat
Kapasitas
:
:
:
:
Menghancurkan singkong gajah menjadi ukuran yang lebih kecil

Mampu menghancurkan material sticky untuk kapasitas yang besar
Crusher sebagai secondary crusher (impact)
12,617.37 kg/h =
3.50 kg/s
SPESIFIKASI :
Model
Ukuran penghancuran
=
=
Single rol crusher

20 x 18
in
Maksimum tebal (D) feed masuk

Persen bukaan
Kapasitas maksimum
=
=
=
30.48 cm
2
70 ton/h
Size Reduction ratio

Kecepatan putar
Power yang diperlukan
Jumlah
=
=
=
=
35 (Ulrich, 76)
1,200
rpm
20 hp
1 buah
Bahan Konstruksi
Carbon steel
(Perry, 6 th, 1984 tabel 8-12 hal 8-22)
C.9 Mixing tank (F-115)

Fungsi
:
Sebagai tempat pengenceran feed masuk agar perbandingan
starch dan airnya mencapai 15%
Bentuk
:
Tekanan operasi
=
1 atm
=
14.7 psi
o
o
Suhu
=
30 C
=
86 F
Rate massa
=
30,597.12
kg/h
3
larutan
=
1,072.69 kg/m
Volume
Waktu tinggal
=
=
28.52
1
m3/h
h
Asumsi:
Volume tangki (V)
Volume tangki (V)
(100/80) x Volume liquid

2
D H
C-109
H
Volume tangki (V)
1.5 D
1.3
V liquid
1.3
28.52 m3/h
=
Volume tangki (V)
35.65
D
H
=
=
=
=
35.65
m3/h
4.71 D
3
4.71 D
1.96
2.95
m
m
Menghitung Tinggi liquid

Volume liquid
Volume liquid
28.52
Hliquid
=
=
28.52
m3/h
2
Dtangki Hliquid
12.11 Hliquid
2.36 m
Perhitungan Pengaduk
Digunakan pengaduk six blades open turbin
Diameter pengaduk (Da/Dt)
jarak impeler (C)
Lebar blade (W)
Panjang blade (L)
Lebar baffle (J)
:
:
:
:
:
0.4
1/3 ft
1/5 Da
1/4 Da
1/12 Dt
(Berdasarkan geankoplis tabel 3.4-1 edisi 4) 1ft

ft =
0.785
m
=
0.655 ft
=
0.199 m
=
0.157 ft
=
0.048 m
=
0.196 ft
=
0.060 m
=
0.164 ft
=
0.050 m
Penentuan jumlah pengaduk :

Jumlah pengaduk
2.36
2.59
Tinggi liquid x sg
Diameter tangki
x
1.08
0.79
=
3
buah
80%
0.8
Power Pengaduk
Range kecepatan putaran pengaduk 20-150 rpm
Diambil (N)
=
100 rpm =
1.67 rps
viskositas campuran
=
=
10 cp
0.00673
0.01
lb
ft.s
kg/m.s
larutan
1,072.69
kg/m3
Nre
(1 cp
x
=
=
0.000673
0.454 kg
x
1 lb
0.01 Pa.s
(Da2 x N x )
0.79
140,200.10
1.67
x
0.01
C-110
1,072.69
lb/ft.s )
1 ft
0.3048
Karena Nre >10000,digunakan baffle

(Dari figure 3.4-5 geankoplis edisi 4)
Didapatkan nilai Np
Np
=
3
P
Np x x N3 x Da5
=
=
=
3
x
4,452.47
4.4525
1,072.69
1.67
0.785
J/s
kW
=
6
hp
Perhitungan losses pengaduk
Kehilangan tenaga akibat poros dan bearing (Gland losses)
Gland losses
= 10% dari power input
Kehilangan tenaga akibat motor seperti pada belt dan gear (Transmition sistem losses)
Transmition sistem losses
total hp yang diperlukan (Pi)
Pi
=
6 Hp + Pi ( 0,1+0,1)
0,8 Pi
=
6 Hp
Pi
=
7.4
hp
Maka digunakan power motor sebesar
=
SPESIFIKASI :
Fungsi
:
Bentuk
:
Diameter tangki
Tinggi tangki
Tinggi Liquida
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
7.4 Hp
Sebagai tempat pengenceran feed masuk agar perbandingan

starch dan airnya mencapai 15%
=
1.96 m
=
2.95 m
=
2.36 m
=
Carbon Steel SA-240 grade M
=
1
buah
Sistem pengaduk
Dipakai type six blades open turbine
Diameter pengaduk
=
0.79 m
Lebar blade
=
0.048 m
Panjang Blade
=
0.060 m
Power Motor
=
7 hp
Kecepatan pengaduk
=
1.67 rps
Jumlah pengaduk
=
3 buah
C.10 Pump to Liquification Tank (L-116)

Fungsi
Tipe alat
:
Dasar pemilihan
Memompa liquid (campuran starch) dari mixing tank menuju

liquification tank
Centrifugal pump
:
Jenis ini dapat untuk larutan yang mempunyai kadar
solid besar
C-111
m
0.3
10.5 m
7.25 m
2m
1m
Titik Referens :
Titik 1 : Mixing tank
Titik 2 : Liquification tank
Data-data
Rate larutan
:
=
30,610.00
0.28
125.64
gpm
Dimana :
Qf
=
0.28
=
66.97
Di optimum
=
3.80
Ditetapkan Diameter Nominal
=
=
4.50
0.0884
Check Jenis Aliran :

Kecepatan alir, v
=
=
=
66.97
10 cp
0.01
Perhitungan Diameter Pipa

Asumsi : Aliran Turbulen
3.9 x Qf 0.45 x r 0.13
Di optimum
=
ID
=
=
lb/ft
=
lb/ft.s
ft3/s
Densitas Larutan
Viskositas Larutan
Rate Volumetrik
kg/h
in
ft2
0.01
1,072.69
kg/m.s
lb/h
lb/s
3
kg/m
m3/s
0.01
Nre> 2100
(Peter & Timmerhaus Edisi IV halaman 496)
ft3/s
lb/cuft
in
=
perry 10.73
9.65
cm
4 in Sch 40
0.11
0.37
ft
0.00
0.28
0.09
3.17
=
ft/s
xDxv
=
7,951.88
Karena Nre > 2100 maka asumsi aliran turbulen sudah benar
Ukuran pipa keluar pompa dipilih = 4 in sch 40
Nre
67,483.50
18.75
(Appendik A.5.1 Geankoplis)
0.00
Perhitungan friksi :
Friksi bagian suction
A.
1 Friksi yang terjadi karena adanya kontraksi
(Geankoplis, pers 2.10-2.16, hal 93)
hc =
Kc x v2
2 x x gc =
1 (karena turbulen)
C-112
m/s
dimana :
Kc
=
0,55 (1-A2/A1)
0.55
A1 sangat besar dibanding A2

(A2>>> A1)
A1
A2
gc
hc
2.
Ff
=
=
32.174
0.086
lbm.ft/lbf.s2
ft lbf/lbm
Friksi karena pipa lurus

Panjang pipa lurus bagian suction diperkirakan
=
3.048 ft
-5
Bahan pipa adalah commercial steel, =
4.6 x 10 sehingga diperoleh :
/D
=
0.0004
(Geankoplis, Fig 2.10-3, hal 88)
NRe
=
7,951.88
Dari Geankoplis, Fig 2.10-3, hal 88 diperoleh :
f=
0.008
2
2
x 3.048
4
f
v
L
=
=
4
x
0.008
x
0.28
2 gc D
2
x
=
0.00032
ft lbf/lbm
Friksi bagian suction :
Ff
Fs
=
hc
+
=
0.086 +
0.0003
=
0.0860
ft lbf/lbm
B.
Friksi dibagian discharge

1. Friksi karena pipa lurus
Panjang pipa lurus bagian discharge diperkirakan
4 f v2 L
=
Ff
=
4
x
0.008
2.
2 gc D
=
0.0047
ft lbf/lbm
Friksi karena fitting dan valve :
Jenis fittin g dan valve
Kf
32.17
0.28
2 x
ft lbf/lbm
6 x
32.17
hf, valve
Kex
45 ft
0.008
2
0.28
x
0.75
2 x gc
0.007 ft lbf/lbm
0.28
32.17
(Geankoplis pers. 2.10-15)
1 - A1 / A2
1
Kex x v2
hex
=
=
5.01
2
Friksi dibagian discharge :
Fd
= 3 x hf,elbow + 2 x hf,globe valve + Ff
=
0.0027
+
0.015 +
0.0047
=
5.0353
ft lbf/lbm
C-113
(Geankoplis hal 94)
+
+
45
0.3750
3
2
3.Sudden Expansion
A2 >> A1, sehingga A1/A2 bisa diabaikan
Kex
0.3750
Jumlah
elbow 90 standar
0.75
globe valve (wide open)
6
2
=
hf, elbow
= Kf x V
2 x gc
0.0009
Kf x V2 =
=
f=
x
=
=
32.17
hex
5.013
Friksi total pompa = Fs

+
=
0.0860
F
=
5.1213
Fd
+
5.0353
ft lbf/lbm
Persamaan Bernouli
( P2/2 - P1/1)+(z2 - z1)g/gc + (v22 - v12)/2..gc + F
Ws
=
Dimana:
P1
14.7
lb/ft
P2
14.7
lb/ft2
z2 - z1
24
ft
v1
ft/s
v2
10.03
ft/s
P1 - P 2
Ws
=
=
0
0
=
=
SPESIFIKASI :
Nama alat
Fungsi
=
=
Tipe
Kapasitas
Power motor
Diameter pipa
Panjang pipa
Head pompa
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
24
29.06
Diperoleh efisiensi pompa adalah

Sehingga :
BHP =
m x Ws
=
p
Efisiensi motor, m
Konsumsi Power
85%
BHP
m
80%
544.80
0.8
10.0
64.3
lb.ft/lb
(fig. 14 - 73 Peter dan Timerhaus)
681.003
1.238
1.46
lbf.ft/s
Hp
Hp
Pump to liquification tank

Memompa liquid (campuran starch)dari singkong gajah menuju
liquification tank
Centrifugal pump
30,610
kg/h
1.46
Hp
0.1
m
14.7
m
8.9
m
0.8
0.85
Type 304 stainless stell
1
buah
C.11 Liquification Tank (R-110)

Fungsi
Bentuk
5.1213
Sebagai tempat terjadinya proses liquifikasi yaitu pemecahan

rantai starch menjadi molekul-molekul dengan ikatan rantai
yang lebih kecil.
Tangki silinder, tutup atas dan bawah berbentuk standar
dished head
C-114
Tekanan operasi
Suhu
Rate massa liquida
=
=
=
larutan
Volumetric Rate(vo)
Waktu tinggal ( )
67.77
28.1987
995.78
Volume Liquida :
14.7 psi
o
105 C
=
221
734,630.38 kg/day
30,610
kg/h
kg/m3
1,085.5
Volume liquida
hour
V / vo
m3/h
ft3/h
(Sinar Tani edisi 31Mei-6 Juni 2006)
(Levenspiel,hal 93)
=
1,991.48
Asumsi : Larutan mengisi 80 % volume tangki
Volume tangki
=
100
80
m3
ft
Tutup atas dan bawah berupa standar dished head

Vtangki
Vtutup atas
Vtutup bawah
=
+
0.0847
Vtutup bawah
0.0847
D3
Vshell
Ditetapkan Ls
=
2,489.34
D
=
=
gallon
2,489.34
ft3
Vshell
Vtutup atas
0.7854
=
3
14,888.28
56.39
=
70.49
56.39
m3
ft3 =
1,991.56
56.39
lbm/ft3
*vo =
D2 Ls
D
2.53
9.95
D
ft =
10
ft =
119.4 in
Mencari tinggi liquida dalam tangki :

Volume liquida
=
Vol. tutup bawah + vol. liquida dalam silinder
D3
R2
=
0.0847
+
x Hliquida
1,991.48
Hliquida
=
=
=
83.48
24.54
7.48 m
=
C-115
77.75
ft
294.492
in
Hliquida
m3
Tinggi silinder
=
=
=
=
3
3
x
x
30 ft
358 in
D
10
=
9.10 m
Menentukan Tekanan Desain Bejana

P operasi
=
14.7 psi
Ptotal
Pdesign
Phidrostatis
=
=
=
=
=
=
. g / gc . Hlarutan
11.5 psi
+
11.5 psi
+
26.25
psi
Ptotal
1.05
27.56
psi
Poperasi
+
14.7
14.7 psi
14.7 psi
12.86
psig
Menentukan Tebal Tangki

1
Tebal pada bagian silinder
Dipergunakan bahan konstruksi yang terbuat dari Stainless Steel
dengan spesifikasi
ts
=
type 304, grade 3 (SA-167) (App. D, Brownell, hal : 342)

fallowable
18,750
=
psi
Faktor korosi
(c)
=
0.125
in
Sambungan untuk pengelasan dipilih tipe double welded butt joint
Efisiensi las. (E)
=
0.80 ( Tabel 13.2, B & Y )
(B&Y,254)
Pd x Di
=
+
c
2 x (f x E - 0.6 x Pd)
119.42
12.86
x
+
0.125
18,750
2
x (
x
0.80
1
x
12.86 )
=
0.18
in
Tebal shell standar
Check :
OD
ID
2.82 =
16
0.19
3
16
in
in
=
=
=
ID
+
2.ts
119.42
`+(`
2
x
0.19
)
119.80
in
(B & Y, Tabel 5.7,hal 91)
120
OD standar
=
in
7.25
=
ft
=
2.21 m
Sehingga koreksi terhadap ID menjadi
=
OD
2.ts
0.19
=
120
in
- ( 2
x
) in
119.63
9.97
=
in
=
ft
=
3.04 m
Tinggi bagian silinder tangki

(Hs)
=
=
=
=
=
3 x ID
3
x
29.91
9.12
358.87
C-116
9.97
ft
m
in
ft

Volume liquida
=
3
2
D
Hliquida
R
=
0.0847
+
1,991.48
Hliquida
83.91
=
=
24.54
7.48
ft
in
77.75
Hliquida
0.13
in
Menentukan tebal tutup atas dan bawah
Tutup atas dan bawah berupa standard dished head

rc
= ID
=
119.63
in
tha
tha
0.89
0.89
18,750
0.22
12.86
0.8
-
x
x
in
Sehingga tebal tutup standard

dari tabel yang sama didapat
sf
Crown radius, r
Inside Corner Radius (icr )
AB
ID
2
BC
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
114
2
50
114
107
3.5
16
=
=
=
=
119.63
0.1 x
12.86
in
0.25
in
2.5
in
114
in
7.25 in
0.13 in
4
16
(Tabel 5.6, B & Y, hal 88 )
(Tabel 5.7, B & Y, hal 89 )
icr
-
7.25
7.25
in
in
icr
in
114
19.55
rc
x
Pd
x
( f x E - 0.1 x Pd )
2 0,5
( BC - AB )
in
in
(
0.5
11,396
in
C-117
2,475
0.5
Tinggi tutup atas = Tutup bawah (OA) = t + b + sf

22.3
=
Tinggi total tangki
=
tinggi silinder
+
=
358.87
in
+
403.48
=
in
=
Perhitungan diameter Nozzle
Rate massa solution masuk
Rate Volumetrik
3.9 x
3.78
Dipilih pipa 8 in Schedule 40

dimana :
OD
=
8.63 in
=
ID
=
7.98 in
=
Flow area
NRe
67,482.53
0.28
=
=
Dicoba dengan menetapkan jenis aliran turbulent

0.45
Di optimum
=
3.9 x
Qf
=
=
in
=
0.566 m
2 x tinggi tutup
2
x
22.3
33.62 ft
0.28
(
in
0.45
ft /s )
lb/h
3
ft /s
0.13
x (
lbm / ft3 )0.13
67.77
(tabel 11, Kern hal 844)
8.63 in
7.98 in
=
=
=
=
ft2
0.35
0.72 ft
0.67 ft
dimana :
V
rate volumetrik
luas area
ft3/s
0.28
0.35
sehingga
NRe
67.77
ft
0.80
ft/s.
lb/ft3
=
17,952.36
Jadi asumsi aliran turbulen sudah benar
Dengan demikian diambil diameter nozzle inlet
0.67 ft
x
0.002
lb/ft.s
( alirannya turbulen)
=
0.80
ft/s
in
Digunakan pengaduk pitch blades (Geankoplis fig 3.4-2(d))
(Berdasarkan geankoplis tabel 3.4-1 edisi 4)
Diameter pengaduk (Da)
:
3.32 ft
=
1.01 m
jarak impeler (C)
:
1/3 Dt
=
3.32 ft
=
1.011 m
Lebar blade (W)
:
1/5 Da
=
0.663 ft
=
0.202 m
Panjang blade (L)
:
1/4 Da
=
0.829 ft
=
0.253 m
Lebar baffle (J)
:
1/12 Dt
=
0.829 ft
=
0.253 m
Jumlah pengaduk
24.5
6.45
Tinggi liquid x sg
Diameter tangki
x
1.09
3.32
=
7
buah
Power Pengaduk
C-118
80%
0.8
Diambil (N)
=
viskositas campuran
70
=
=
rpm =
10 cp
0.00673
0.01
larutan
1,085.50
Nre
1.17 rps
(1 cp
lb
x
ft.s
kg/m.s =
=
0.000673
0.454 kg
x
1 lb
0.01 Pa.s
lb/ft.s )
1 ft
0.3048
kg/m
(Da2 x N x p)
1.02
129,273.96
1.17
x
0.01
1,085.50

Didapatkan nilai Np
Np
=
1.25
P
=
=
=
=
Np x x N3 x Da5
1
x
2,277.10
2.2771
1,085.50
1.17
1.01
J/s
kW
=
3
hp
Gland losses
Pi
0,8 Pi
Pi
=
=
=
3 Hp + Pi ( 0,1+0,1)
3
Hp
3.8 Hp
Digunakan power motor
hp
*Perancangan coil pemanas

steam
T1
t1
umpan
o
30 C
o
86 F
o
148 C
o
298.4 F
t2
=
=
T2 =
=
148
298
C-119
105
221
Dari appendiks B :
Q
=
86,520,704.36
kkal/day
=
=
14,296,594.81
Btu/h
Massa steam =
164,193.55
kg/day
Da
=
3.32
ft
=
=
67.77
800
0.36
cp
=
=
0,14
(/w)
Dt
kkal/h
6,841.40
kg/h
lb/ft
rpm =
13
Btu/h ft2 oF/ft
kkal/kg oC
lb/ft.s
1
1
0.76
=
3,605,029.35
10
rps
=
1
(kern, 823)
Btu/lbm oF
ft
hc . Dt / k = 0,87 x (Da2.N./ )2/3 x (c . / k)1/3 x (/w)0,14

hc . Dt / k =
0.87
hc . Dt / k =
hc
x(
619.45
619.45
ft
1,700
Btu/h ft2 oF
ID shell
=
=
119.63
=
115.83
Ditetapkan diameter lilitan =
115.83
Ditetapkan Rd =
0.001
1
UD
UD
TLMTD
=
=
=
hc x hio
hc + hio
22.12
1
+ Rd
UC
x(
k
x
0.36
Btu/h ft2 oF
a"=
0.5
hio
=
Diameter lilitan
2/3
1/3
2.11
x 1
=
22.41
Ditetapkan ukuran pipa :1 1/2" sch 80
ft2
A=
0.01417
UC
13,068.47
in
in
ID
1.50
OD
1.90
2 x OD koil
2
x
1.9
22.41
22.41
1
22.12
9.95
x
+
1,700
1,700
0.001
0.0462
212.4
21.64
=
(t1 - t2)
ln (t1 / t2)
A = Q / (UD x DTLMTD)
A=
14,296,594.81
2
ft
A=
988.13
Panjang coil =
A / a"
=
Banyak lilitan
=
1,984.2
Ditetapkan
=
66
Jarak antar lilitan
=
Jarak coil dari dasar tangki
Tinggi lilitan
=(
ln (
/ (
21.64
988.13
/( x ( 115.8
lilitan
in
=
65.5
x
1 +
77.4
10
0.5
10
/
/
in
) + (
C-120
77.40 )
212.4
133.7
133.73
0.5 =
12 ) =
1,984.2
65.47
ft
65.5
)x
=
SPESIFIKASI :
Fungsi
:
Bentuk
65
in
5.42 ft (< tinggi liquid, coil dapat digunakan)
Sebagai tempat terjadinya proses liquification yaitu pemecahan

rantai starch menjadi molekul-molekul dengan ikatan rantai
yang lebih kecil.
dished head dilengkapi dengan pengaduk tipe six blades open turbin
Shell
Diameter
=
9.97 ft
=
3.04 m
Tinggi
=
33.62 ft
=
10.2 m
Tinggi tutup atas
=
22.30 in
=
0.57 m
Tebal tutup bawah
=
0.25 in
=
0.01 m
Tebal tutup atas
=
0.25 in
=
0.01 m
Bahan konstruksi
=
Jumlah
=
1
buah
Sistem pengaduk
Dipakai type propeller jenis turbin dengan 3 blade marine
Diameter pengaduk
=
1.01 m
Lebar blade
=
0.25 m
Panjang Blade
=
0.20 m
Power Motor
=
4 hp
Kecepatan pengaduk
=
1.17 rps
Jumlah pengaduk
=
7 buah
Coil Pemanas
Banyak lilitan
Tinggi lilitan
=
=
66
5.42
lilitan
ft =
1.65 m
C.12 Pump to saccharification tank (L-121)

Fungsi
Type
Dasar Pemilihan
:
:
Memompa liquid (campuran starch) dari Liquification tank

menuju saccharification tank
Centrifugal pump
solid dan kapasitas besar
1.5 m
0.3 m
9
1.22 m
1.5
m
2m
Titik Referens :
Titik 1 : Liquification Tank
Titik 2 : Saccharification tank
C-121
Data-data
Rate larutan
:
=
30,610
kg/h
Densitas Larutan
Viskositas Larutan
=
=
=
1,016.6
4.14
0.0028
kg/m
cp
lb/f.s
Rate Volumetrik
8.28
gpm
ft3/s
=
=
3
=
=
=
0.02
3.9 x Qf 0.45 x 0.13
Di optimum
=
Dimana
:
ft3/s
Qf
=
0.02
=
63.46
lb/cuft
Di optimum
=
1.1
in
=
=
3 in Sch 40
ID
A
3.50
in
0.0513

Kecepatan alir, v
67,495.05
18.75
63.46
0.004
kg/m.s
lb/h
lb/s
3
lb/ft
2.82
0.09
0.29
ft
cm
ft2
0.02
0.05
0.36
=
ft/s
xDxv
=
2,391.11
Nre
A.
hc =
Kc x v2
2 x x gc =
1 (karena turbulen)
dimana :
Kc
=
=
0,55 (1-A2/A1)
0.55

(A2>>> A1)
A1
A2
2
2.
lbm.ft/lbf.s
gc
=
32.174
hc
=
0.001
ft lbf/lbm
=
4.921 ft
-5
/D
=
0.0005
NRe
=
2,391.11
f=
0.012
C-122
Ff
4fv L
0.012
2 gc D
2
x
=
0.21573
ft lbf/lbm
Ff
Fs
=
hc
+
=
0.001 +
0.2157
=
0.2168
ft lbf/lbm
B.
4.14
32.17

4 f v2 L
=
Ff
=
4
x
0.012
2.
2 gc D
=
1.8409
ft lbf/lbm
Kf
=
f=
x
0.2917
42 ft
0.012
2
4.14
32.17
x 4.921
42
0.2917
Jumlah
elbow 90 standar
0.75
3
6
2
2
=
hf, elbow
= Kf x V
0.75 x
2 x gc
2 x
=
0.1998
ft lbf/lbm
2
=
K
x
V
hf, valve
=
6 x
f
2 x gc
2 x
=
1.598 ft lbf/lbm
4.14
32.17
4.14
Kex
1 - A1 / A2
1
Kex x v2
=
0.06
2
Fd
=
0.5993
+
3.196 +
1.8409
=
5.7011
ft lbf/lbm
hex
32.17
3.Sudden Expansion
Kex

+
=
0.2168
F
=
5.9179
(Geankoplis hal 94)
+
+
hex
0.065
Fd
+
5.7011
ft lbf/lbm
Persamaan Bernouli
( (P2/2 + Pcooler) - P1/1)+(z2 - z1)g/gc + (v22 - v12)/2..gc + F
Ws
=
Dimana:
P1
14.7
lb/ft2
P2 + P cooler
14.7
lb/ft
z2 - z1
ft
C-123
0.96
lb/ft
v12
0.13
0.96
v2
P1 - P 2
Ws
0.96
=
=
=
SPESIFIKASI :
Nama alat
Fungsi
=
=
Tipe
Kapasitas
Power motor
Diameter pipa
Panjang pipa
Head pompa
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
ft/s
lb/ft2
+
10.88

Sehingga :
BHP =
m x Ws
=
p
Efisiensi motor, m
Konsumsi Power
ft/s
80%
204.07
0.8
85%
BHP
m
0.13
64.3
5.9179
lb.ft/lb
255.092
0.464
0.5
lbf.ft/s
Hp
Hp
Pump to liquification tank

saccharification tank
Centrifugal pump
30,610
kg/h
0.5
Hp
0.1
m
14.3
m
3.3
m
0.8
0.85
1
buah
C.13 Cooler Menuju Saccharification Tank (E-122)

Fungsi
Type
Dasar Pemilihan
:
:
Untuk mendinginkan medium dari 105 oC menjadi 60 oC

sebelum masuk ke dalam saccharification tank
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Umum digunakan dan mempunyai range perpindahan
yang besar
Perhitungan dan data berdasarkan methode pada Kern

T1
=
=
air
O
F
t1 =
86
T2
1
Neraca Energi
Rate umpan
=
734,640.03
221
384
140
kg/day
C-124
kkal/kg
t2
104
=
=
Pendingin
=
=
=
Jumlah pendingin
kg/day
kg/h
lb/h
LMTD
th
tc
=
=
LMTD
30,610.00
kg/h
67,482.81
lb/h
82,360,501.10
kkal/day
3,431,687.55
kkal/h
13,616,936.18
Btu/h
= W air =
4,632,778.19
=
193,032.42
=
425,559.28
117
54
54
ln
117
180.5
95
81.48
54
117
Suhu Caloric
Tc dan tc
Fluida yang digunakan adalah air dan larutan organik, maka digunakan suhu
rata-rata :
Tc
tc
221
86
R = (T1 - T2) / (t2 - t1)
140 ) /
104 ) /
4.50
S = (t2 - t1) / (T1 - t1)

=
Dari Kern, figure 19 diperoleh harga FT
0.13
= 0.93
=
=
Digunakan shell and tube tipe 1-2

Air dilewatkan pada bagian tube sedangkan larutan keluaran liquifikasi pada bagian shell.
t true
FT
LMTD
0.93
81.48
O
75.78 F
Dipilih pipa ukuran

0.75 in OD, 18 BWG, 18 ft,
1
a. Trial UD
Dari Kern , Tabel 8 Heavy Organic Water , range U D = 5-75
UD
Btu/h.ft2. oF
75
Dicoba, UD
=
A
=
=
=
(Kern, Tabel 8)
2o
Btu / h ft F
75
Q / UD . LMTD
13,616,936.2
/
75
2
ft
2,228.25
Dari Kern, tabel 10 :

a"t
0.1963
ft
in2
=
0.334
=
= A / L a"t
=
2,228.25
/
18
=
630.62
Dari Kern, tabel 9:
Nt
=
728
ID shell
=
31
Tube passes
=
2
at
Nt
in triangular pitch
0.0023
x
in
buah
C-125
ft2
0.1963
( range Ud 75-150)
x
81.48
b.
Check
A
=
=
Nt
=
=
UD
L
x
728
x
18
ft
2,572.32
13,616,936.18
a"t
x
0.196
2,572.32
81.48
2o
Btu / j ft F
64.97
Shell
(umpan)
1) IDs
C'
B
as
2) Gs
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
31
in
PT - OD
1
1/5 . ID Shell
0.2
x
31
ID . C ' . B / n' 144 PT
31
x
0.25
1
x
144
=
=
=
0.33
ft
0.25
6.2
in
x
x
6.20
1
M / as
67,482.81
0.33
202,237.76 lb / ft2 h
3) Tc
=
=
=
De
=
=
0.72 /
0.06
=
=
De . Gs /
Res
0.75
180.50
3.00
7.26
F
cp
lb / ft h
12
ft
0.06
(Fig. 28 Kern)
x
7.26
202,237.76
1,671.39
(/w)
Fs
4) JH
21
Cp
K
=
=
3
0.38
(Kern;240)
1.04
(Kern, Fig.28)
o
BTU / lb F
(Tabel 4)
K[ Cp /K]1/3
=
=
5) ho
=
=
6) Uc
=
=
=(
7) Rd
=
=
=(
0.38
x(
x
0.38
1/3
7.26 )
1.53
JH . (K/De) [Cp / K]1/3
21
x ( 0.38 ) x (
1.53
)
0.06
Btu/J.ft2
203.36
(hio . ho) / (hio + ho)
600
x
203.4
) /(
600
2o
Btu / j ft F
151.88
(Uc - Ud) / (Uc . Ud)
151.9
65.0 ) / (
151.9
x
C-126
65.0 )
203.4
0.0088
>
Rd hitung>dari Rd data
0.0020
(memenuhi)
(0.002 untuk media organik)
(Kern,tabel 12)
Tube
(air)
1)
at
Nt . at' / 144 . N
728
0.84
144
2) Gt
0.33
ft2
M / at
425,559.28
0.84
=
v
504,051.27
lb / ft2 h
Gt
3,600
504,051.27
air
3,600
=
3) tc
ID
Ret
62.5
ft/s
95
0.652
in
0.05
ft
0.80
1.94
2.24
(tab 10 kern)
(Fig 14 kern)
lb / ft h
ID . Gt / m
0.05
504,051.27
1.94
=
14,146.07
4) untuk air
faktor koreksi =
hi
=
hi
0.92
600
5) hio
0.92
hi
Btu/J.ft
600 =
ID
(Kern, Fig.25)
2
552.0 Btu/J.ft
OD
=
552.0
0.652
0.75
PRESSURE DROP
Shell
Res
f
sg
1,671.39
=
=
0.0029
bahan
(Kern, Fig. 29)
C-127
479.87
Btu/J.ft2
=
=
N+1
Ps
reff
87.50
62.5
1.40
= 12 L / B
=
12
x
18
6.2
34.84
f Gs IDs (N + 1)
10
5,22 .10 De sg Fs
0.0029
x
40,900,112,403
10
5.22 .10
2.34
Psi
0.06
2.58
1.40
x
x
34.84
1.04
.
Tube
Ret
14,146.07
f
=
0.00022
sg
=
1
Menghitung P karena panjang pipa
2
Pt
= f Gt L.n
(Kern, Fig.26)
5,22 .1010 Di sg Fs
=
0.00022
254,067,679,017.4
10
5.22 .10
x
0.054
=
0.68
psi
Menghitung P karena tube passes
Pn
n x
sg x
v2
2gc
Dari fig. 27 diperoleh

(V2/2gc)(62.5/144)
PT
=
=
x
x
144
=
=
0.68
0.96
0.035
0.28
+
psi
18
1.04
psi
0.28
P pada kedua aliran < 10 psi, maka rancangan ini memadai
SPESIFIKASI :
o
o
Fungsi
= Untuk mendinginkan medium dari 105 C menjadi 60 C
sebelum masuk ke dalam saccharification tank
Type
= 1-2 shell and tube heat exchanger
Bahan
= Carbon steel
Jumlah =
1 buah
Tube : OD
=
2/3 in
=
1.66 cm
Panjang
=
18 ft
=
5.49 m
Pitch
=
1
in triangular pitch
Jumlah Tube (Nt)
=
728 buah
Passes
=
2
Shell : ID
=
31 in
=
m2
Heat transfer surface Area
=
2.07
C-128
78.74 cm
2o
Heat transfer Coefficient (Clean)
151.88
Btu / h ft F
Heat transfer Coefficient (Dirt)
64.97
Btu / h ft2oF
C.14 Saccharification Tank (R-120)

Fungsi
:
Bentuk
:
Tekanan operasi
Suhu
Rate massa
larutan
Volumetric rate (vo)
Mengubah starch dan polisakarida lain menjadi glukosa

Tangki silinder, tutup atas dan bawah berbentuk standar dished head
=
14.7
psi
o
o
C
=
60
=
131 F
=
734,640.03
kg / day
=
30,610
kg/h
3
3
kg/m
=
lbm/ft
=
1,016.6
63.47
=
30.11
m3/h
=
1,063.28 ft3/h
Waktu tinggal ()
(Gumbira Said)
Volume liquida
V
*vo =
=
Larutan mengisi 80 % volume tangki

Volume tangki
=
=
30.11
m3
1,063.28
ft3
100
80
30.11
3
37.6

Vtangki
= Vtutup atas
ft
1,329.10
Vtutup bawah
Vshell
97
Vtutup atas
0.0847
Vtutup bawah
0.0847
D3
Vshell
Ditetapkan Ls
=
=
0.7854
3 D
=
=
1,329.10
(Levenspiel p.100 ed.2)
D2 Ls
2.53
8.07
D3
ft =
ft
Mencari tinggi liquida dalam tangki

Volume liquida
=
D3
Hliquida
=
0.0847
+
A *
C-129
in
1,063.28
Hliquida
Tinggi silinder
44.57
=
=
=
=
3
3
19.91
x
x
24 ft
Menentukan Tekanan desain Bejana

P operasi
=
14.7 psi
Ptotal
= Phidrostatis
+
= . g / gc . Hliquida
Ptotal
=
=
=
=
Pdesign
8.77
23.47
1.05
24.65
Hliquida
51.17
ft
6.07
D
8
=
291
in
Poperasi
psi
psi
Ptotal
psi
14.7 psi
14.7 psi
9.95
psig
Menentukan Tebal tangki

1 Tebal pada bagian silinder
Dipergunakan bahan konstruksi yang terbuat dari Stainless Steel (App. D, Brownell, hal : 342)
dengan spesifikasi type 304, grade 3 (SA-167)
fallowable
18,750
=
psi
Faktor korosi
(c)
=
0.1250
in
Sambungan yntuk pengelasan dipilih tipe double welded butt joint
( Tabel 13.2 )
Efisiensi las. (E)
=
0.8
ts
Pd x Di
2 x (f x E - 0.6 x Pd)
=
2
=
x (
0.16
Check :
OD
9.95
18,750
in
=
x
x
0.8
2.51
=
16
Jadi tebal shell standar
=
=
=
=
ID
+
96.88
97.26
2.ts
+

ID
=
OD
=
102 in
101.63
=
8.47
=
Hs
96.88
0.60 x
3 in
16
0.19 in
0.13
9.95 )
0.19
(B & Y,tabel 5.7 hal 90)
in
Harga OD standar
=
=
102
9
2.ts
- ( 2
x
in
ft
= 3 ID
=
3
x
25.41
=
304.88
=
in
ft
0.19 ) in
8.47
ft
in
ft

Volume liquida
=
=
Vol. tutup bawah
+
A * Hliquida
C-130
=
1,063.28
Hliquida
2
rc
tha
tha
D3
0.0847
51.17
Hliquida
51.17
Hliquida
51.44
19.77
ft

=
ID
=
96.88
in
=
0.885
x
Pd
x
rc
( f x E - 0.1 x Pd )
9.95
=
0.89
x
x
18,750
x
0.8
0.1
0.18
=
in
=
2.91
=
16
= 0.19 in
sf
Crown radius, r
AB
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
ID
BC
96.00
16.48
Tinggi total tangki
Perhitungan diameter Nozzle masuk

Rate Volumetrik
in
96.88
+
x
9.95
3
in
16
0.125 in
(Tabel 5.7, B & Y, hal 88 )
in
(Tabel 5.7, B & Y, hal 88 )
ID
96
in
icr
icr
=
=
=
ID
2
41.88
ID
89.88
1,753.52
6.125
in
6.125
in
( BC2 - AB2 )0,5

in- (
in
Tinggi tutup atas = tutup bawah (OA)
0.125
(Tabel 5.8, B& Y, hal 88 )
in
96
6.125 in
6%
x
6%
x
5.76 in
ID
2
r
8,077.52
=
=
=
=
t + b + sf
18.66
in
tinggi silinder +
304.9 in
+
342.20
in
)0.5
=
=
C-131
2 x tinggi tutup
2
x
18.66
=
28.52
ft
=
8.69
m
2,805.92
0.30
lb/h
ft3/s
in

Di optimum
=
3.9 x
Qf 0.45 x
=
=
3.9 x (
3.86
0.3
in
ft3/s )0.45
in
in
x
x
Flow area
NRe
1/12
1/12
ft/in
ft/in
0.3474
x
=
=
=
=
rate volumetrik
luas area
=
=
3
0.295 ft /s
0.347
sehingga
NRe
x(
63.466
lb / ft3 )0.13

dimana :
OD
=
8.63
ID
=
7.98
dimana :
0.13
ft
0.72 ft
0.67 ft
ft2
x
V
0.85
ft/s.
3
63.47 lb/ft
x
0.67 ft
x
0.85
0.0002
lb/ft.s
179,434.13

in
Digunakan pengaduk pitch blades (Geankoplis fig 3.4-2(d))
:
2.69 ft
=
0.82 m
jarak impeler (C)
:
1/3 Dt
=
2.69 ft
=
0.820 m
Lebar blade (W)
:
1/5 Da
=
0.538 ft
=
0.164 m
Panjang blade (L)
:
1/4 Da
=
0.673 ft
=
0.205 m
Lebar baffle (J)
:
1/12 Dt
=
0.673 ft
=
0.205 m
Jumlah pengaduk
6.1
Tinggi liquid x sg
Diameter tangki
x
1.02
2.46
=
2
buah
80%
0.8
Power Pengaduk
Diambil (N)
=
70 rpm =
1.17 rps
viskositas campuran
=
=
10 cp
0.00673
0.01
lb
ft.s
kg/m.s
(1 cp
x
=
C-132
=
0.000673
0.454 kg
x
1 lb
0.01 Pa.s
lb/ft.s )
1 ft
0.3048
larutan
Nre
kg/m3
(Da2 x N x p)
0.67
1.17
x
0.01
1,016.60
79,679.69

Didapatkan nilai Np
Np
=
1.25
P
Np x p x N3 x Da5
=
=
=
=
1
x
749.36
0.7494
1,016.60
1.17
0.82
J/s
kW
=
1
hp
Gland losses
Pi
0,8 Pi
Pi
=
=
=
1 Hp + Pi ( 0,1+0,1)
1
Hp
1.2 Hp
hp
Perancangan coil pendingin

air t1 = 30
86
T2 =
32
= 89.6
t2 =
=
T1
=
=
185
Dari appendiks B :
Q
=
32,071,390.38
=
5,299,444.53
85
kkal/day
Btu/h
C-133
40
104
1,336,307.93
kkal/h
Massa air =
Da
=
613,692.15
8
ft
0.36
1
0.76
kkal/kg oC
lb/ft.s
=
(kern, 823)
63.47
60
cp
=
=
(/w)0,14
Dt
2
(Da .N.
0.87
hc . Dt / k =
hc
/ )
1/3
x (c . / k)
x(
UD
=
=
=
rps
Btu/lbm oF
0,14
x (/w)
)
5,437.07
345.22
345.22
ft2
1,700
2/3
x(
2.11
x
0.36
2o
Btu/h ft F
Btu/h ft2 oF
=
ID shell
=
101.63
=
97.83
=
97.83
Ditetapkan diameter lilitan

Ditetapkan Rd = 0,001
1
UD
ft
2/3
=
15.39
ft2
A=
0.01417
kg/h
hc . Dt / k =
UC
25,570.51
=
=
a"=
0.5
hio
=
Diameter lilitan
=
"
lb/ft3
rpm = 3,600 rph
Btu/h ft2 x oF/ft
hc . Dt / k = 0,87 x
kg/day
hc x hio
hc + hio
15.26
1
+
Rd
UC
in
in
15.39
15.39
x
+
)1/3
x 1
8.07
ID
1.5
OD
1.9
2 x OD koil
2
x
1.9
1,700
1,700
1
15.26
'+
0.001
0.07
15.03
TLMTD
(t1 - t2)
24.86
ln (t1 / t2)
A=
5,299,444.53
A=
2,837.42
Panjang coil = A / a"
=
Banyak lilitan
=
=
Ditetapkan
=
Jarak antar lilitan
Tinggi lilitan
=(
222.6
x
=
207.82
in
/ (
ft
2,837.42
5,697.64
222.59
223
/
/ ( x (
=
=
in
0.5
=
15.03
24.86 )
1
10
0.5
=
97.83
5,697.64
/
12
ft
)
lilitan
in
) + (
222.6
1
)x
1 + 10
17.32
ft (< tinggi liquid, coil dapat digunakan)
SPESIFIKASI :
Nama alat
C-134
Fungsi
Tipe
=
=
Tekanan Operasi
Waktu Tinggal
Shell
Diameter
Tinggi
Tinggi tutup atas
Tebal tutup bawah
Tebal tutup atas
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Mengubah starch dan polisakarida lain menjadi glukosa

Tangki silinder, tutup atas dan bawah berbentuk
standar dished head
1
atm
1
h
10
28.52
18.66
0.19
0.19
ft
ft
in
in
in
=
=
=
=
=
3.05
8.69
0.47
0.005
0.005
m
m
m
m
m
Sistem pengaduk
Diameter propeller
=
0.82 m
Lebar blade
=
0.16 m
Panjang Blade
=
0.205 m
Power Motor
=
1 hp
Kecepatan pengaduk
=
1.17 rps
Jumlah pengaduk
=
2 buah
Coil Pendingin
Banyak lilitan
Tinggi lilitan
=
=
223 lilitan
17.32
ft =
5.28 m
C.15 Pump to Seed tank and Fermentor from Saccharification tank (L-221)
Fungsi
Type
Dasar Pemilihan
:
:
Memompa liquid (campuran starch) dari saccharification tank

menuju Seed tank dan Fermentor tank
Centrifugal pump
solid dan kapasitas besar
2.5 m
0.2 m
14.5 m
8.17 m
2m
1.5 m
Titik Referens pada datum 2 adalah Fermentor karena fermentor lebih tinggi dibanding Seed tank.
Titik 1 : Saccharification Tank
Titik 2 : Fermentor
Asumsi panjang pipa ke Seed tank =
3 m
Data-data
Rate larutan
:
=
73,590
kg/h
=
=
C-135
162,266.51 lb/h
45.07
lb/s
Densitas Larutan
Viskositas Larutan
=
=
=
Rate Volumetrik
1,016.6
4.14
0.0028
kg/m
cp
lb/f.s
19.90
gpm
ft3/s
=
0.04
3.9 x Qf 0.45 x 0.13
Di optimum
=
Dimana
:
Qf
=
0.04
ft3/s
=
63.46
lb/cuft
Di optimum
=
1.6
in
=
=
3 in Sch 40
ID
A
3.50
in
0.0513

Kecepatan alir, v
ft
lb/ft
63.46
0.004
kg/m.s
4.18
0.09
0.29
ft
cm
0.04
0.05
0.86
=
ft/s
xDxv
=
5,748.54
Nre
A.
hc =
Kc x v2
2 x x gc
dimana :
Kc
=
=
0,55 (1-A2/A1)
0.55
(karena turbulen)

(A2>>> A1)
A1
A2
2
2.
Ff
lbm.ft/lbf.s
gc
=
32.174
hc
=
0.006
ft lbf/lbm
=
4.921 ft
-5
/D
=
0.0005
NRe
=
5,748.54
f=
0.009
2
x 4.921
4 f v2 L
=
=
4
x
0.009
x
4.14
2 gc D
=
0.16179
2
ft lbf/lbm
C-136
32.17
0.2917

Fs
=
hc
+
=
0.006 +
=
0.1682
B.
Ff
0.1618
ft lbf/lbm

4 f v2 L
=
Ff
=
4
x
0.009
2.
2 gc D
=
2.3945
ft lbf/lbm
Kf
=
f=
x
73 ft
0.009
2
4.14
32.17
73
0.2917
Jumlah
elbow 90 standar
0.75
4
6
3
2
=
hf, elbow
= Kf x V
0.75 x
2 x gc
2 x
=
0.1998
ft lbf/lbm
2
=
K
x
V
hf, valve
=
6 x
f
2 x gc
2 x
=
1.598 ft lbf/lbm
4.14
32.17
4.14
Kex
1 - A1 / A2
1
Kex x v2
=
0.37
2
Fd
=
0.7991
+
4.794 +
2.3945
=
8.3616
ft lbf/lbm
hex

+
=
0.1682
F
=
8.5297
Ws
32.17
3.Sudden Expansion
Kex
(Geankoplis hal 94)
+
+
hex
0.373
Fd
+
8.3616
ft lbf/lbm
Persamaan Bernouli
2
2
( (P2/2 + Pcooler dan Psterilization) - P1/1)+(z2 - z1)g/gc + (v2 - v1 )/2..gc + F
=
Dimana:
P1
14.7
lb/ft
P2 + P cooler
14.7
lb/ft2 +
z2 - z1
27
ft
ft/s
v22
0.75
P1 - P 2
11.30
v1
ft/s
lb/ft2
C-137
11.30
lb/ft2
Ws
11.30
=
=
=
SPESIFIKASI :
Nama alat
Fungsi
=
=
Tipe
Kapasitas
Power motor
Diameter pipa
Panjang pipa
Head pompa
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
27
46.65

Sehingga :
BHP =
m x Ws
=
p
Efisiensi motor, m
Konsumsi Power
80%
2,102.51
0.8
85%
BHP
m
0.75
64.3
8.5297
lb.ft/lb
2,628.135
4.778
5.6
lbf.ft/s
Hp
Hp
Pump to Fermentor
fermentor
Centrifugal pump
73,590.25
kg/h
5.6
Hp
0.1
m
23.7
m
14.2
m
0.8
0.85
1
buah
C.16 Sterilization (E-222A)

Fungsi
Type
Dasar Pemilihan
Untuk mensterilkan media dengan pemanasan dari 60oC menjadi
:
:
121 oC
1-2 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Umum digunakan dan mempunyai range perpindahan
yang besar

T1
steam
=
=
148
298.4
feed
O
60 C
t1 =
=
t2
140 F
=
T2
=
=
Neraca Energi
Rate umpan
=
=
=
734,640.03
30,610.00
67,482.81
148
O
O
298.4 F
kg/day
kg/h
lb/h
C-138
120
O
O
248.0 F
Panas yang dibutuhkan
Panas yang digunakan
kg/day
kg/h
lb/h
LMTD
th
tc
=
=
LMTD
=
65,924,313 kkal/day
=
2,746,846.4 kkal/h
=
10,899,486 Btu/h
W steam
=
83,706.57
=
3,487.77
=
7,689.15
50
158.4
158.4
ln
50
298.4
194
94.31
158.4
50
Suhu Caloric
Tc dan tc
rata-rata :
Tc
tc
298
140
298 ) /
R = (T1 - T2) / (t2 - t1)
248 ) /
S = (t2 - t1) / (T1 - t1)

=
2
2
=
=
0
0.68
1

t true =
FT
x LMTD
=
Dipilih pipa ukuran

a.
94.31
O
94.31 F
1 1/4 in OD, 16 BWG, 18

1 9/16
in triangular pitch
ft,
Trial UD
Dari Kern , Tabel 8 Steam Heavy Organic , range U D = 6-60
UD
Btu/h.ft2. oF
60
Dicoba, UD
=
A
=
=
=
(Kern, Tabel 8)
Btu / h ft2 oF
60
Q / UD . LMTD
10,899,486.3
/
60
2
ft
1,926.13

a"t
0.3271
ft2
in2
=
0.985
=
= A / L a"t
=
1,926.13
/
18
=
327.14
Dari Kern, tabel 9:
Nt
=
348
ID shell
=
35
Tube passes
=
2
at
Nt
b.
Check
A
=
=
=
Nt
x
348
2,048.95
ft2
0.0068
x
0.3271
in
buah
L
x
x
18
ft
C-139
a"t
x
0.327
94.31
UD
10,899,486.35
2,048.95
94.31
2o
Btu / j ft F
56.40
Shell
(umpan)
1) IDs
C'
B
as
2) Gs
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
35
in
PT - OD
1.56
1/5 . ID Shell
0.2
x
35
ID . C ' . B / n' 144 PT
35
x
0.31
1
x
144
=
=
=
0.34
=
3) tc
De
Res
1.25
0.31
7.0
in
x
x
7.00
1.56
ft2
M / as
67,482.81
0.34
198,316.83 lb / ft2 h
o
F
cp
lb / ft h
=
=
=
194
4.00
9.68
=
=
1.23 /
0.10
=
=
De . Gs /
12
ft
0.10
(Fig. 28 Kern)
x
9.68
198,316.83
2,099.95
(/w)
Fs
4) JH
24
Cp
K
=
=
0.902
0.38
(Kern;240)
(Kern, Fig.28)
BTU / lb oF
(Tabel 4)
K[ Cp /K]1/3
=
0.38
=
5) ho
6) Uc
7) Rd
=
=
=
=
=(
=
=
=(
=
x(
0.902
x
0.38
1/3
9.68 )
1.08
JH . (K/De) [Cp / K]1/3
24
x ( 0.38 ) x (
1.08
)
0.10
Btu/J.ft2
96.12
1,500
x
96.1
) / ( 1,500
+
Btu / j ft2 oF
90.33
(Uc - Ud) / (Uc . Ud)
90.3
56.4 ) / (
90.3
x
56.4 )
0.0067
>
0.0020
96.1
C-140
(memenuhi)
(Kern,tabel 12)
Tube
(steam)
1)
at
=
=
=
2) Gt
=
=
Nt . at' / 144 . N
348
x
144
x
2
ft
1.19
M / at
7,689.15
1.19
6,460.34
lb / ft2 h
3) Tc
298
ID
=
=
1.12
0.09
in
ft
=
=
0.76
1.84
Ret
=
=
0.985
2
F
(tab 10 kern)
(Fig 14 kern)
lb / ft h
Di . Gt /
0.09
x
1.84
6,460.34
327.84
4) Untuk steam
Hio
=
Btu/J.ft2
1,500
PRESSURE DROP
Shell
Res
f
sg
2,099.95
=
=
0.0028
bahan
reff
0.98
1.0
0.98
= 12 L / B
=
12
x
=
=
N+1
Ps
=
(Kern, Fig. 29)
18
7.0
f Gs2 IDs (N + 1)
5,22 .1010 De sg Fs
0.0028
x
39,329,563,418
10
5.22 .10
1.81
Psi
30.86
0.10
2.92
0.98
x
x
.
Tube
Ret
327.84
0.0062
(Kern, Fig.26)
(Kern,Table 7)
S
=
1.645
2
Pt
= f Gt L.n
5,22 .1010 ID sg Fs
C-141
30.86
0.0062
41,735,948.1
18
5.22 .1010
x
0.09 x
1.645
x
1
=
0.001
psi
SPESIFIKASI :
o
Fungsi
= Untuk mensterilkan media dengan pemanasan dari 60 C menjadi
121 oC
Type
Bahan
= Carbon steel
Jumlah =
1 buah
Tube : OD
=
1 1/8 in
=
2.84 cm
Panjang
=
18 ft
=
5.49 m
Pitch
=
1 4/7 in triangular pitch
Jumlah Tube (Nt)
=
348 buah
Passes
=
2
Shell : ID
=
35 in
m2
=
2.03
90.33
Btu / h ft2oF
56.40
Btu / h ft2oF
C.17 Cooler (E-222B)

o
o
Fungsi
: Mendinginkan larutan medium dari suhu 121 C menjadi 32 C
Type
: 1-2 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Dasar Pemilihan
: Umum digunakan dan mempunyai range perpindahan yang besar
T1
feed
=
O
248.0 F
t2
Air
t1
86
F
T2
Neraca Energi
Rate umpan
=
=
=
Pendingin
=
=
=
Jumlah pendingin
89.6
tc
=
=
293,732.31
kg/day
12,238.85
kg/h
26,981.76
lb/h
63,803,423.16
kkal/day
2,658,475.96
kkal/h
10,548,832.63
Btu/h
= W air =
5,910,211.83
=
246,258.83
=
542,902.21
LMTD
th
144
90
C-142
kg/day
kg/h
lb/h
104
LMTD
90
ln
144
114.7
90
144
Suhu Caloric
Tc dan tc
rata-rata :
Tc
248
90
)/
168.8
tc
86
104 ) /
95
R = (T1 - T2) / (t2 - t1)
1.52
S = (t2 - t1) / (T1 - t1)

=
0.42
= 0.96

t true =
FT
x LMTD
=
0.96
Dipilih pipa ukuran

a.
114.7
O
110.1 F
3/4 in OD, 18 BWG, 18

1
in triangular pitch
ft,
Trial UD
Dari Kern , Tabel 8 Heavy Organic Water , range U D = 5-75
UD
Btu/h.ft2. oF
75
Dicoba, UD
=
A
=
=
=
(Kern, Tabel 8)
2o
Btu / h ft F
75
Q / UD . LMTD
10,548,832.6
/
75
2
ft
1,226.71
( range Ud 75-150)
x
114.7

a"t
ft2
0.1963
in2
=
0.334
=
= A / L a"t
=
1,226.71
/
18
=
347.18
Dari Kern, tabel 9:
Nt
=
376
ID shell
=
23 1/4
Tube passes
=
2
at
Nt
b.
Check
A
=
=
=
=
UD
Nt
x
376
L
x
1,328.56
10,548,832.63
ft2
0.0023
x
0.1963
in
buah
x
18
a"t
x
0.196
ft2
/
1,328.56
2o
Btu / j ft F
69.25
Shell
(umpan)
1) IDs
C'
B
=
=
=
=
=
23
in
PT - OD
1.00
1/5 . ID Shell
0.2
x
23
0.75
=
=
4.7
C-143
0.25
in
114.66
as
2) Gs
=
=
ID . C ' . B / n' 144 PT

23
x
0.25
1
x
144
=
=
=
0.19
x
x
ft
4.65
1.00
M / as
67,482.81
0.19
359,533.80 lb / ft2 h
F
cp
lb / ft h
=
=
=
De
=
=
0.73 /
0.06
=
=
De . Gs /
Fs
=
=
45,189.34
(/w)
=
4) JH
130
(Kern, Fig.28)
Cp
K
=
=
18
0.36
BTU / lb oF
(Tabel 4)
Res
168.80
0.20
0.48
3) Tc
12
(Fig. 28 Kern)
ft
0.06
x
0.48
359,533.80
(Kern;240)
1.04
K[ Cp /K]1/3
=
0.36
=
5) ho
=
=
6) Uc
7) Rd
=
=
=(
=
=
=(
=
x(
18
x
0.36
1/3
0.48 )
1.05
JH . (K/De) [Cp / K]1/3
130
x ( 0.36 ) x (
1.05
)
0.06
Btu/J.ft2
808.14
1,274
x
808.1
) / ( 1,274
+
2o
Btu / j ft F
494.48
(Uc - Ud) / (Uc . Ud)
494.5
69.3 ) / (
494.5
x
69.3 )
0.0124
>
0.002

Tube
(air)
1)
at
=
=
=
2) Gt
=
=
Nt . at' / 144 . N
376
x
144
x
2
ft
0.44
808.1
0.33
2
M / at
542,902.21
0.44
C-144
(memenuhi)
(Kern,tabel 12)
=
v
1,245,029.91
lb / ft2 h
Gt
3,600
1,245,029.91
3,600
x
5.53
ft/s
air
=
3) tc
95
ID
=
=
0.652
0.05
in
ft
=
=
0.76
1.84
lb / ft h
Ret
=
=
ID . Gt / m
0.05
62.5
(tab 10 kern)
x
1.84
1,245,029.9
36,780.46
4) untuk air
faktor koreksi =
hi
=
0.98
hi
0.98
5) hio
Btu/J.ft2
1,300
x
(Kern, Fig.25)
1,300
hi
ID
OD
1,274
0.652
0.75
1,274
1,107.53
PRESSURE DROP
Shell
Res
f
sg
45,189.34
=
=
0.0016
bahan
reff
0.98
0.996
0.98
= 12 L / B
=
12
x
=
=
N+1
Ps
(Kern, Fig. 29)
18
4.7
f Gs IDs (N + 1)
5,22 .1010 De sg Fs
0.002
x
129,264,552,779
10
5.22 .10
6
Psi
46.45
0.06
1.94
0.98
x
.
Tube
Ret
f
sg
=
=
36,780.46
0.00017
1
(Kern, Fig.26)
C-145
46.45
1.04
Btu/J.ft2

2
Pt
= f Gt L.n
0.00017
5,22 .1010 Di sg Fs
x
1,550,099,472,341
10
5.22 .10
x
0.054
=
3.22
psi
Pn
n x
sg x
v2
2gc

(V2/2gc)(62.5/144)
PT
x
x
144
=
=
3.22
3.76
0.068
0.54
18
1.04
psi
0.54
psi

SPESIFIKASI :
o
o
Fungsi
sebelum masuk ke Seed tank dan fermentor
Type
Bahan
= Carbon steel
Jumlah =
1 buah
Tube : OD
=
0.652 in
=
1.66 cm
Panjang
=
18 ft
=
5.49 m
Pitch
=
1
in triangular pitch
Jumlah Tube (Nt)
=
376 buah
Passes
=
2
Shell : ID
=
23.25 in
m2
=
1.95
494.48
Btu / h ft2oF
69.25
Btu / h ft2oF
C.18 Seed Tank (R-210)

Fungsi
:
mengembangkan mikroorganisme sebelum masuk ke fermentor
Bentuk
:
Tangki silinder, tutup atas dan bawah berbentuk standar dished head
Tekanan operasi =
14.7
psi
o
o
C
Suhu
=
32
=
89.6 F
Rate massa
=
73,590.26 kg / day
=
3,066.3
kg/h
3
3
kg/m
=
larutan
=
1,083
67.59 lbm/ft
Volumetric Rate (vo)
=
2.83
m3/h
=
100 ft3/h
Waktu tinggal ()
24
(Gumbira Said)
C-146
Volume liquida
V
*vo =
68
=
Volume tangki
100
80
Vtutup atas
0.0847
D3
Vtutup bawah
0.0847
D3
Vshell
Ditetapkan Ls
=
=
0.7854
3 D
=
=
68
m3
84.97

Vtangki
= Vtutup atas
3,000.52
ft3
2,400.41
m3
=
3,000.52
Vtutup bawah
ft3
Vshell
D Ls
D
ft =
2.53
10.59
11
ft
127 in

Volume liquida
=
D3
Hliquida
=
0.0847
+
A *
Hliquida
2,400.41
=
100.63
+
88.06
Hliquida
=
=
=
=
Tinggi silinder
26.12
3 x
3 x
32 ft

P operasi
=
14.7 psi
Ptotal
= Phidrostatis
+
Ptotal
Pdesign
=
=
=
=
12.26
26.96
1.05
28.31
psi
psi
Ptotal
psi
ft
=
D
11
=
381
Poperasi
+
14.7 psi
14.7 psi
13.61 psig
C-147
7.96
in
ts

fallowable
18,750
=
psi
Faktor korosi
(c)
=
0.1250
in
( Tabel 13.2 )
Efisiensi las. (E)
=
0.8
Pd x Di
=
+
c
2 x (f x E - 0.6 x Pd)
=
2
=
x (
0.18
13.61
18,750
in
=
x
2.92
16
Check :
OD
=
=
=
Harga OD standar
127.09
0.6 x
ID
+
127.09
127.47
0.8
=
=
3 in
16
0.19 in
2.ts
+
0.13
0.19
in
132
11
=
=

ID
=
OD
=
132 in
131.63
=
10.97
=
Hs
+
13.61 )
2.ts
- (
2 x
in
ft
= 3 ID
=
3
x
32.91
=
394.88
=
in
ft
0.19 ) in
10.97
ft
in
ft

Volume liquida
=
=
Vol. tutup bawah
+
A * Hliquida
=
2,400.41
Hliquida
0.0847
D3
88.06
Hliquida
88.06
Hliquida
111.78
=
=
25.99
7.92
ft
m
C-148
rc
tha
tha

=
ID
=
127.09
in
=
0.885
x
Pd
x
rc
( f x E - 0.1 x Pd )
13.61
=
0.89
x
x
18,750
x
0.8
0.1
0.23
=
in
=
3.63
=
16
= 0.25 in
sf
Crown radius, r
AB
BC
ID
130
22.13
Tinggi tutup atas = tutup bawah

(OA)
Tinggi total tangki
3.9 x (
1.34
t + b + sf
24.88
tinggi silinder
394.9 in
444.64
dimana :
(Tabel 5.8, B& Y, hal 91 )
in
(Tabel 5.7, B & Y, hal 91)
ID
130
in
icr
icr
=
=
=
ID
in
+
+
in
8
in
122
in
3,249
)0.5
2 x tinggi tutup
2
x
24.88
=
37.05
ft
=
11.29
m
281.07
0.03
lb/h
ft3/s
0.13
0.45
x(
3 0.13
67.6 lb / ft )
in
x
x
1/12
1/12
57
=
V
ID
2
ft/in
ft/in
=
=
0.20 ft
0.17 ft
2
0.023 ft
NRe
0.125 in
(Tabel 5.7, B & Y, hal 88 )
=
=
0.03 ft /s )

dimana :
OD
=
2.38 in
ID
=
2.07 in
Flow area
127.09
+
x
13.61
4
in
16
14,884

Rate Volumetrik
Di optimum
=
3.9 x
Qf 0.45 x
=
=
in
( BC2 - AB2 )0,5

in- (
in
=
=
=
=
=
0.125
(Tabel 5.8, B& Y, hal 93 )
in
130
8 in
6%
x
6%
x
7.80 in
ID
2
=
=
2.5
=
=
=
=
=
=
D
x
rate volumetrik
luas area
C-149
in
0.02
sehingga
NRe
3
67.59 lb/ft
2,313.59

ft
1.19
0.03 ft /s
ft/s.
0.17 ft
x
1.19
0.006
lb/ft.s
in
Digunakan pengaduk pitch blades (geankoplis fig. 3.4-2(d))
:
3.53 ft
=
1.08 m
jarak impeler (C)
:
1/3 Dt
=
3.53 ft
=
1.076 m
Lebar blade (W)
:
1/5 Da
=
0.706 ft
=
0.215 m
Panjang blade (L)
:
1/4 Da
=
0.883 ft
=
0.269 m
Lebar baffle (J)
:
1/12 Dt
=
0.883 ft
=
0.269 m
Jumlah pengaduk
11.3
3.0
Tinggi liquid x sg
Diameter tangki
x
1.08
3.23
=
3
buah
80%
0.8
Power Pengaduk
Diambil (N)
=
60 rpm =
1
viskositas campuran
rps
=
=
10 cp
0.00673
0.01
lb
ft.s
kg/m.s
larutan
1,082.60
kg/m3
Nre
(1 cp
x
=
=
0.000673
0.454 kg
x
1 lb
0.01 Pa.s
(Da2 x N x )
1.16
x
0.01
125,163.61

Didapatkan nilai Np
Np
=
1.25
P
Np x p x N3 x Da5
C-150
1,082.60
lb/ft.s )
1 ft
0.3048
=
=
=
1
x
1,952.39
1.9524
1,082.60
1.00
1.08
J/s
kW
=
3
hp
Gland losses
Pi
0,8 Pi
Pi
=
=
=
3
3
3

SPESIFIKASI :
Fungsi
:
Bentuk
:
Hp + Pi ( 0,1+0,1)
Hp
Hp
=
hp
Mengembangbiakkan mikroorganisme sebelum masuk ke fermentor

dished head dilengkapi dengan pengaduk tipe 3 blade marine
Shell
Diameter
=
10.97 ft
=
3.34 m
Tinggi
=
32.91 ft
=
10.0 m
Tinggi tutup atas
=
24.88 in
=
0.63 m
Tebal tutup bawah
=
0.25 in
=
0.01 m
Tebal tutup atas
=
0.25 in
=
0.01 m
Bahan konstruksi
=
Jumlah
=
1
buah
Sistem pengaduk
Diameter pengaduk
=
1.08 m
Lebar blade
=
0.215 m
Panjang Blade
=
0.27 m
Power Motor
=
3 hp
Kecepatan pengaduk
=
1 rps
Jumlah pengaduk
=
3 buah
C.19 Pump to Fermentor from seed tank (L-223A)

Fungsi
:
Memompa liquid (campuran starch) dari Seed Tank menuju
Fermentor
Tipe alat
:
Centrifugal pump
Dasar pemilihan
:
solid besar
C-151
2.2 m
14.5
0.3 m
6.28
m
1.5 m
Titik Referens :
Titik 1 : Seed Tank
Titik 2 : Fermentor
Data-data
Rate larutan
:
=
3,066.26
=
=
=
1,082.60
0.0041
kg/m.s
0.03
lb/ft3
=
lb/ft.s
ft3/s
0.0008
m3/s
Densitas Larutan
Viskositas Larutan
Rate Volumetrik
kg/h
=
=
=
67.59
4.14 cp
0.0028
6,759.95
1.88
lb/h
lb/s
kg/m3

Asumsi : Aliran turbulen
Nre< 2100
0.133 x Qf 0.4 x 0.2
Di optimum
=
Dimana :
Qf
=
0.0008
=
0.0041
Di optimum
=
0.0025
ID
2.3750
A
=
0.0233
Kecepatan alir, v
m3/s
kg/m.s
m
=
perry 10.73
in
ft2
0.01
ft
2 in Sch 40
0.06
0.20
ft
0.00
0.03
0.02
1.19
ft/s
xDxv
=
5,733.34
Karena Nre >2100 maka asumsi aliran laminair sudah benar
Nre
A.
C-152
0.3634
m/s
Friksi yang terjadi karena adanya kontraksi

2
hc =
Kc x v
2 x x gc
dimana :
Kc
=
0,55 (1-A2/A1)
0.55
(karena turbulen)

(A2>>> A1)
A1
A2
2
2.
Ff
lbm.ft/lbf.s
gc
=
32.174
hc
=
0.0122
ft lbf/lbm
=
4.921 ft
-5
/D
=
0.00076
NRe
=
5,733.34
f=
0.012
2
2
x 4.921
4
f
v
L
=
=
4
x
0.012
x
0.03
2 gc D
2
x
32.17
=
0.000014 ft lbf/lbm
Ff
Fs
=
hc
+
=
0.012153
+
0.000014
=
0.012167 ft lbf/lbm
B.

4 f v2 L
=
Ff
=
4
x
0.012
2.
2 gc D
=
0.0002
ft lbf/lbm
Kf
=
f=
0.20
62 ft
0.012
0.03
32.17
Jumlah
elbow 90 standar
0.75
3
6
2
2
=
hf, elbow
= Kf x V
0.75 x
2 x gc
2 x
=
0.000009 ft lbf/lbm
2
=
hf, valve
= Kf x V
6 x
2 x gc
0.00007
2 x
ft lbf/lbm
3.Sudden Expansion
Kex
Kex
=
=
32.17
0.03
32.17
1 - A1 / A2
1
2
Kex x v
2
hex
0.03
C-153
0.71
(Geankoplis hal 94)
0.2
62
Fd
=
=
=
3 x hf,elbow + 2 x hf,globe valve + Ff

0.00003
+
0.0001
+
0.7113
ft lbf/lbm

+
=
0.0122
F
=
0.7234
+
0.0002
hex
+
0.711
Fd
+
0.7113
ft lbf/lbm
Persamaan Bernouli
2
2
( P2/2 - P1/1)+(z2 - z1)g/gc + (v2 - v1 )/2..gc + F
Ws
=
Dimana:
P1
14.7
lb/ft
P2
14.7
lb/ft2
z2 - z1
20.60
ft
v1
ft/s
v2
1.42
ft/s
P1 - P 2
Ws
=
=
0
0
m x Ws
p
Efisiensi motor, m
Konsumsi Power
=
=
SPESIFIKASI :
Nama alat
Fungsi
=
=
Tipe
Kapasitas
Power motor
Diameter pipa
Panjang pipa
Head pompa
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
20.60
21.35

Sehingga :
BHP =
80%
40.09
0.8
85%
BHP
m
1.42
64.3
0.7234
lb.ft/lb
50.110
lbf.ft/s
0.091
Hp
0.11
Hp
Pump to Fermentor
Memompa liquid (campuran starch)dari Seed Tank menuju
Fermentor
Centrifugal pump
3,066.26
kg/h
0.11
Hp
0.1
m
20.5
m
6.5
m
0.8
0.85
1
buah
C-154
C.20 Fermentor (R-220)

Fungsi
Bentuk
:
:
Mengubah glukosa menjadi etanol melalui proses fermentasi

Tangki silinder, tutup atas dan bawah berbentuk standar dished
head
=
14.7 psi
o
o
=
32 C
=
89.6 F
=
736,111.96 kg/day
=
30,671.33 kg/h
3
3
=
1,082.60 kg/m
=
67.6 lbm/ft
=
28.33
m3/h
=
1,000.46 ft3/h
Tekanan operasi
Suhu
Rate massa
larutan
Laju alir (vo)
(Gumbira Said)
Waktu tinggal (t)

=
48
h
jumlah
=
1 buah
Laju reaksi pembentukan CO2 dan ethanol
Reaksi orde 1, n = 1
C6H12O6
Reaksi:
S.cerevisiae
A
CO2
k1
C2H5OH
C
-r A = k 1 . C A
(Levenspiel ed 2 hal 113)
Feed berupa liquid, maka

CA= CAO(1-XA)
ditetapkan
A =
=
(Levenspiel ed 3 hal 88)
tidak ada inert

(Levenspiel ed 3 hal 102, pers.19)
k1
0.00011
1/sik
untuk eA =
CA0
=
102,253.73 kg/day
Aliran massa total
:
Komponen
CA0 (kg/h)
CA (kg/h)
Glukosa
4,260.57
213.03
glukosa
48
84.32
=
=
4,260.57
-r A
4,048
-r A
84.32 kg
-r A
kg
k1
XA (%)
95%
k1
CA (kg/s)
0.06
kg/m3
1,544
(h)
, maka
-r A
213.029
CA
k1
213.03
0.40
h
0.00011
s
C-155
kg/h
(kg/h)
CA0 (kg/s)
1.18
Rate volumetrik glukosa
(vA0)
Volume liquid
4,260.57
kg/h
3
kg/m
1,544
=
2.76
m3/h
x
vA0
48
x
2.76
3
m
132.45
=
=
=
=
4,677.31
ft
Ditentukan liquida mengisi 80% volume tangki

Volume tangki
132.45
165.57
m3

Vtangki
= Vtutup atas
5,846.64
Vtutup bawah
ft3
Vshell
158.7 in
Vtutup atas
0.0847
Vtutup bawah
0.0847
D3
Vshell
Ditetapkan Ls
=
=
0.7854
3 D
=
=
5,846.64
1.3
D2 Ls
D3
ft =
2.53
13.23
13
ft

Volume liquida
=
3
D
Hliquida
=
0.0847
+
A *
Hliquida
4,677.31
=
196.08
+
137.37
Hliquida
Tinggi silinder
=
=
=
=
32.62
3
3
40

P operasi
=
14.7 psi
Ptotal
P
=
+
hidrostatis
Ptotal
=
=
15.31 psi
30.01 psi
ft
x
x
ft
=
D
13
=
476
Poperasi
+
+
14.7 psi
14.7 psi
C-156
9.94
in
Pdesign
=
=
1.05 Ptotal
31.51 psi
16.81 psig

fallowable
18,750
=
psi
Faktor korosi
(c)
=
0.1250
in
( Tabel 13.2 )
Efisiensi las. (E)
=
0.8
Pd x Di
ts
=
+
c
2 x (f x E - 0.6 x Pd)
=
2
=
x (
0.21
16.81
18,750
in
=
x
3.43
16
Check :
OD
=
=
=
Harga OD standar
158.74
0.60 x
ID
+
158.74
159.24
0.8
=
=
4 in
16
0.25 in
2.ts
+
0.13
0.25
in
168
14
=
=

ID
=
OD
=
168 in
167.50
=
13.96
=
Hs
+
31.51 )
2.ts
- (
2 x
in
ft
= 3 ID
=
3
x
41.88
=
502.50
=
in
ft
0.25 ) in
14.0
ft
in
ft

Volume liquida
=
=
Vol. tutup bawah
+
A * Hliquida
=
4,677.31
Hliquida
2
0.0847
D3
137.37
Hliquida
137.37
Hliquida
230.35
32.37
ft
C-157
rc
tha
tha

=
ID
=
158.74
in
=
0.885
x
Pd
x
rc
( f x E - 0.1 x Pd )
16.81
=
0.89
x
x
18,750
x
0.8
0.1
0.28
=
in
=
4.52
=
16
= 0.31 in
sf
Crown radius, r
AB
BC
ID
144
25.28
Tinggi total tangki
=
NRe
(Tabel 5.8, B& Y, hal 91 )
(Tabel 5.7, B & Y, hal 91)
ID
144
in
icr
icr
=
=
=
ID
2
10.13
in
10.13
in
62
ID
134
17,923
t + b + sf
28.59
in
tinggi silinder +
502.5 in
+
559.69
in
3,829
=
=
2 x tinggi tutup
2
x
28.59
=
46.64
ft
=
14.2
m
67,618.71
0.28
lb/h
ft3/s
0.13
x(
3 0.13
67.6 lb / ft )
in
x
x
1/12
1/12
ft/in
ft/in
=
=
0.38 ft
0.34 ft
2
0.009 ft
2 0,5
3
0.45
0.28 ft /s )

dimana :
OD
=
4.50 in
ID
=
4.03 in
Flow area
(Tabel 5.7, B & Y, hal 88 )
( BC - AB )

Rate Volumetrik
Dicoba dengan menetapkan jenis aliran turbulen
Di optimum
=
3.9 x
Qf 0.45 x
3.9 x (
3.79
0.125 in
)0.5
=
=
=
=
=
=
in
158.74
+
x
16.81
5
in
16
in
in- (
in
0.13
(Tabel 5.8, B& Y, hal 93 )
in
144
10.13 in
6%
x
6%
x
8.64 in
ID
2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
C-158
in
dimana :
rate volumetrik
luas area
0.01
sehingga
NRe
67.59 lb/ft
=
118,808.38
ft
31.44
0.28 ft /s
ft/s.
0.34 ft
x
31.44
0.006
lb/ft.s
=
in
Digunakan pengaduk pitch blades (geankoplis fig. 3.4-2(d))
:
4.41 ft
=
1.34 m
jarak impeler (C)
:
1/3 Dt
=
4.41 ft
=
1.344 m
Lebar blade (W)
:
1/5 Da
=
0.882 ft
=
0.269 m
Panjang blade (L)
:
1/4 Da
=
1.102 ft
=
0.336 m
Lebar baffle (J)
:
1/12 Dt
=
1.102 ft
=
0.336 m
Jumlah pengaduk
32.4
6.37
Tinggi liquid x sg
Diameter tangki
x
1.08
4.41
=
6
buah
80%
0.8
(Joshi hal 389)
Power Pengaduk
Diambil (N)
=
100 rpm =
1.67 rps
viskositas campuran
=
=
4.14 cp
0.00279
0.004
lb
ft.s
kg/m.s
larutan
1,082.60
kg/m3
Nre
(1 cp
x
=
=
0.000673
0.454 kg
x
1 lb
0.004 Pa.s
(Da2 x N x )
=
=
19.44
1.67
x
0.004
528,238.59

Didapatkan nilai Np
Np
=
1.25
C-159
67.59
lb/ft.s )
1 ft
0.3048
Np x x N3 x Da5
=
=
=
=
1
x
1,715.37
1.7154
67.59
1.67
1.34
J/s
kW
=
2
hp
Gland losses
Pi
0,8 Pi
Pi
=
=
=
2
2
3
Hp + Pi ( 0,1+0,1)
Hp
Hp
hp
*Perencanaan coil pendingin
air t1 =
=
30
86
T2 =
32
C
o
= 89.6
t2 =
40
=
T1
85
= 185
Dari appendiks B :
Q
=
4,763,178
=
787,062.8
Massa air =
1,729,831
Da
=
4.41 ft
N
k
=
=
=
cp
=
=
(/w)0,14
Dt
hc . Dt / k =
72,076.29
kg/h
Btu/lbm oF
2.97 ft
2
(Da .N.
0.87
198,465.76 kkal/h
3
67.59 lb/ft
100 rpm =
6,000 rph
0.36 Btu/h ft2 x oF/ft
o
1 kkal/kg C
=
1
0.76 lb/ft.s
(kern, 823)
=
1
hc . Dt / k = 0,87 x
hc . Dt / k =
kkal/day
Btu/h
kg/day
104
x(
2/3
/ )
1/3
x (c . / k)
2,878.65
0,14
x (/w)
2/3
x(
225.93
C-160
2.11
)1/3 x 1
C
o
hc
225.93
x
2.97
0.36

2
ft
A=
0.01
ft2
a"=
0.50
hio
=
1,500 Btu/h ft2 oF
Diameter lilitan
=
=
=
Ditetapkan diameter lilitan =
Ditetapkan Rd = 0,001
UC
1
UD
UD
ID shell
167.50
163.70
163.70
hc x hio
hc + hio
26.91
1
+
Rd
UC
=
=
=
27.40
Btu/h ft2 oF
ID
1.50
OD
1.90
2 x OD koil
2 x 1.9
in
in
27.40
27.40
1
26.91
x
+
+
1,500
1,500
0.001
0.0382
26.20
TLMTD
(t1 - t2)
13.81
ln (t1 / t2)
A=
787,062.81
26.20
x
panjang coil
Banyak lilitan =
Ditetapkan
A
a''
suhu operasi
:
waktu tinggal
:
Shell
Diameter
Tinggi
Tinggi tutup atas
Tebal tutup bawah
Tebal tutup atas
ft2
13.81
=
2,175.11
0.5
4,367.69
x (
163.70
12
102 lilitan
Jarak antar lilitan

=
Jarak koil dari dasar tangki =
Tinggi lilitan
= (
102
x
0.5
+ (
=
161.80
in
=
SPESIFIKASI :
Fungsi
:
Bentuk
:
2,175.111
1
10
ft
ft
4,367.69
101.97
in
in
102
13.5 ft
1 )x
1 +
10
(< dari tinggi liquid, coil dapat digunakan)
Mengembangbiakkan mikroorganisme sebelum masuk ke fermentor

dished head dilengkapi dengan pengaduk tipe ptch blades open
o
89.6 F
48 hour
=
=
=
=
=
13.96
46.64
28.59
0.31
0.31
ft
ft
in
in
in
C-161
=
=
=
=
=
4.25
14.2
0.73
0.01
0.01
m
m
m
m
m
Bahan konstruksi
=
Jumlah
=
1
buah
Sistem pengaduk
Diameter propeller
=
1.34 m
Lebar blade
=
0.269 m
Panjang Blade
=
0.34 m
Power Motor
=
3 hp
Kecepatan pengaduk
=
1.67 rps
Jumlah pengaduk
=
6 buah
coil pendingin
tinggi lilitan
banyak lilitan
=
=
13.5
102
ft
lilitan
4.11
C.21 Pump to Rotary Vacuum Filter (L-223B)

Fungsi
:
Type
:
Dasar Pemilihan :
Memompa liquid dari Fermentor menuju Rotary Vacuum Filter

Centrifugal pump
Jenis ini dapat untuk larutan yang mempunyai kadar solid besar
3m
0.5 m
-2.0
m
8.3 m
2m
1.5 m
Titik Referens :
Titik 1 : Fermentor
Titik 2 : Rotary Vacuum Fiter
Data-data
Rate larutan
:
=
30,671.33
kg/h
=
=
67,630.29 lb/h
18.79
lb/s
3
67.59 lb/ft
0.004
kg/m.s
=
1,082.60 kg/m =
=
4.14
cp
=
=
0.03
lb/ft.s
Untuk fermentor Rate volumetrik dibagi 4 karena dalam 1 kali run ada 4 reaktor yang diisi
Rate Volumetrik
=
124.76
gpm
ft3/s
=
0.28
3.9 x Qf 0.45 x 0.13 (Peter & Timmerhaus Edisi IV halaman 496)
Di optimum
=
Densitas Larutan
Viskositas Larutan
C-162
Dimana
Qf
=
Di optimum
=
0.28
ft3/s
67.59
3.79
lb/ft3
in
=
=
9.63
4 in Sch 40
cm
ID
4.03
0.09

Kecepatan alir, v
in
ft2
0.10
0.34
ft
0.28
0.09
3.15
=
ft/s
xDxv
=
2,386.48
Nre
A.
2
hc =
Kc x v
2 x x gc =
1 (karena turbulen)
dimana :
Kc
=
=
0,55 (1-A2/A1)
0.55

(A2>>> A1)
A1
A2
2
2.
Ff
lbm.ft/lbf.s
gc
=
32.174
hc
=
0.0849
ft lbf/lbm
=
4.921 ft
-5
/D
=
0.00045
NRe
=
2,386.48
f=
0.015
2
2
x 4.921
4fv L
=
=
4
x
0.015
x
3.15
2 gc D
2
x
=
0.13585
ft lbf/lbm
Ff
Fs
=
hc
+
=
0.085 +
0.13585
=
0.2208
ft lbf/lbm
B.

C-163
32.17
=
f=
45 ft
0.015
0.34
Ff
2.
4 f v2 L
0.015
3.15
2 gc D
=
1.2499
ft lbf/lbm
Kf
32.17
3.15
2 x
ft lbf/lbm
32.17
2 x gc
0.115769
Kf x V2 =
3.15
2 x gc
0.92615
2 x
ft lbf/lbm
elbow 90 standar
0.75
6
2
=
hf, elbow
= Kf x V
=
Kex
0.75
0.3
32.17
1 - A1 / A2
1
Kex x v2
=
4.97
2
Fd
=
0.46308
+
1.8523
+
=
8.5316
ft lbf/lbm
hex
45
4
2
3.Sudden Expansion
Kex
Jumlah
hf, valve
(Geankoplis hal 94)

+
=
0.2208
F
=
8.7523
+
1.2499
hex
+
4.97
Fd
+
8.5316
ft lbf/lbm
Persamaan Bernouli
2
2
( P2/2 - P1/1)+(z2 - z1)g/gc + (v2 - v1 )/2..gc + F
Ws
=
Dimana:
P1
14.7
lb/ft2
P2
14.7
lb/ft
z2 - z1
-6.6
ft
v1
ft/s
v2
9.93
ft/s
=
=
P1 - P 2
Ws
=
Sehingga :
BHP =
m x Ws
=
p
-6.56
2.35
=
80%
44.05
0.8
9.93
64.35
lb.ft/lb
55.068
lbf.ft/s
0.100
Hp
C-164
8.7523
Efisiensi motor, m
Konsumsi Power
=
=
SPESIFIKASI :
Nama alat
Fungsi
=
=
Tipe
Kapasitas
Power motor
Diameter pipa
Panjang pipa
Head pompa
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
85%
BHP
m
0.12
Hp
Pump to Rotary Vacuum Filter

Memompa liquid (campuran starch)dari Fermentor menuju
Centrifugal pump
30,671.33
kg/h
0.12
Hp
0.1
m
15.3
m
0.7
m
0.8
0.9
1
buah
C.22 Rotary Vacuum Filter (H-224)

Fungsi
Memisahkan singkong gajah dari seratnya dan

menjadikannya singkong gajah milk
Type
:
Dasar Pemilihan
:
Memisahkan fiber dari singkong gajah milk
Dari Geankoplis pers.14.2-24, didapat :
2 f (-Dp)
Flowrate
=
V
=
Atc
tc m a cs
Dimana:
V/tc =
A
tC
=
=
Laju Volumetrik filtrat, m3 /s

2
Luas Permukaan flter , m
waktu siklus (time cycle) filter, s
Cs
(-DP)
f
m
=
=
=
=
=
Konsentrasi padatan dalam umpan masuk, kgpadatan / m3filtrat

perbedaan tekanan, Pa
tahanan cake, m /kg padatan
fraksi (bagian) filter terbenam
viskositas filtrat, Pa.s
Laju Filtrasi
Rate Filtrat
camp filtrat
V/tc
filtrat
=
=
=
26609
7.3914
1016
kg/h
kg/s
=
=
=
0.00727
1
0.001
m3 filtrat /s
cp
Pa.s
kg/m3
Perbedaan tekanan, -P
Dari Hugot 474, diambil DP untuk kondisi vacuum tertinggi
-P =
20
inHg
=
0.67
atm
C-165
=
=
67728.35
0.68
Pa
bar
Waktu Siklus Filter, tc

= (100L)2
(-P)
0.67tC
Dimana :
L
tc
(Wallas, eq. 11.28)
tebal filter
=
=
1.011
60.65
=
=
min
s
1 m
0.01 cm
Berdasarkan Perry edisi VI halaman 19-79, range tc = 0.1 - 10 rpm
Tahanan cake ,
= (
= (
=
4.37 x 10
) x ( -P ) 0.3
9
4.37 x 10
)x (
67,728.35
122,945,486,030 m/kg
Fraksi / bagian filter yang terbenamkan

f
=
0.31
. Cx
Cs
=
1- m Cx
Dimana :
Cx
=
Fraksi massa solid dalam sludge
m
=
Rasio massa wet cake dan dry cake
f
Cs
Densitas filtrat =
57.13
1,016
=
63.43
kg solid/ m3 filtrat
) 0.3
Pa
=
=
3
kg/m
0.05
2.22
lb/ft3
Perhitungan :
V/tc =
A
0.007 =
A
A
0.0003
0.0003
23.17
Jumlah filter yang digunakan sebanyak

Menghitung ukuran drum :
Asumsi digunakan
L
D
=
=
23.17
=
2
D
D
=
=
buah
pDL
p x D x (2 D)
2
3.69
1.9 m
C-166
3.14
Diambil :
D
L
=
=
2
4
m
m
0.75
Daya yang digunakan
SPESIFIKASI :
Nama
=
Fungsi
=
Jumlah
Luas Filter
Waktu filtrasi
Diameter , D
Panjang, L
Bahan
=
=
=
=
:
:
=
=
=
Daya
Tekanan
=
=
10.5617
14.1635
kW
hp
Rotary Vacuum Filter (H-224)

Memisahkan singkong gajah dari seratnya dan
menjadikannya singkong gajah milk
1 buah
2
23.17 m
60.65 s
2 m
4 m
Drum =
Carbon Steel SA-201 Grade B
Filter =
Nylon
14.16 hp
20 in Hg
0.67 atm
C.23 Storage Tank (F-225)

Fungsi
:
Sebagai tempat pnampung filtrat yang keluar dari
Bentuk
:
Tangki silinder, tutup atas dan bawah standar dished head
Tekanan operasi
=
1 atm
=
14.7 psi
o
o
Suhu
=
30 C
=
86 F
Rate massa
larutan
Volume
Waktu tinggal
=
=
=
Volume Liquida :
Volume liquida
26,608.97
kg/h
kg/m3
=
m3/h
h
1,016
26.19
1
=
=
=
=
V / vo
(Levenspiel,hal 93)
*vo =
0.74
26.19
3
63.43 lbm/ft
26.19
m
ft
C-167
ft3 =
195.79
0.74
gallon
m3
Volume tangki
100
0.74
80
m3

Vtangki
Vtutup atas
Vtutup bawah
=
+
0.93
Vtutup atas
0.0847
D3
Vtutup bawah
0.0847
D3
Vshell
0.7854
D2 Ls
Ditetapkan Ls
=
32.74
D
32.74
ft3
Vshell
2.53
D3
2.35
ft =
2.35 ft =
28.2 in

Volume liquida
=
=

D3
R2
0.0847
+
x Hliquida
26.19
1.10
Hliquida
5.79
ft
=
Tinggi silinder
1.77 m
69.511
2.35
4.33
Hliquida
in
7.05 ft
85
in
2.15 m

P operasi
=
14.7 psi
Ptotal
Pdesign
Phidrostatis
Poperasi
. g / gc . Hlarutan
14.7
2.55 psi
14.7 psi
=
=
=
2.55 psi
14.7 psi
17.25
1.05
psi
Ptotal
18.11
psi
3.41
psig

1
dengan spesifikasi
type 304, grade 3 (SA-167)
fallowable
(App. D, Brownell, hal : 342)
18,750
Faktor korosi
(c)
=
0.125
Efisiensi las. (E)
C-168
0.80
psi
in
( Tabel 13.2, B & Y )
ts
Pd x Di
(B&Y,254)
2 x (f x E - 0.6 x Pd)
=
2
x (
0.13
3.41
18,750
in
28.19
x
x
0.80
2.05 =
Tebal shell standar
16
+
x
3.41 )
in
16
0.19
in
Check :
OD
=
=
ID
+
28.19
28.56
OD standar
2.ts
`+(`
0.19
in
30
in
2.50
ft
0.76 m

ID
OD
30
in
29.63
2.ts
0.19
2
=
3 x ID
(Hs)
- (
in
2.47
ft
) in
=
0.75 m
2.47
7.41
ft
2.26
88.87
in
ft

Volume liquida
=
=

D3
Hliquida
R2
0.0847
+
26.19
1.27
Hliquida
5.75
ft
C-169
4.33
Hliquida
0.125

rc
tha
ID
29.63
0.89
in
Pd
0.125
rc
in
( f x E - 0.1 x Pd )
tha
0.89
18,750
0.13
3.41
x
x
0.8
2.10
in
29.63
x
0.1 x
in
AB
16
0.19
in
in
Crown radius, r
30
in
ID
sf
0.125 in
3.41
16
(Tabel 5.6, B & Y, hal 88 )
(Tabel 5.7, B & Y, hal 89 )
1.88 in
icr
2
=
30
13
1.88
1.88
in
2
BC
30
28
in
icr
in
( BC2 - AB2 )0,5
30
in
5.13
in
(
0.1
Tinggi tutup atas = Tutup bawah (OA) =

=
88.87
103.50
172
in
0.186 m
in
in
0.5
in
tinggi silinder
t + b + sf
7.3
=
Tinggi total tangki
791
2 x tinggi tutup
+
2
8.63
x
ft
7.3

58,662.66
lb/h
Rate Volumetrik
0.26
ft /s

Di optimum
3.9 x
Qf
3.9 x
(
in
3.63
8.63 in
0.26
x
3
0.45
ft /s )
0.13
x (

dimana :
OD
=
0.45
8.63 in
C-170
0.72 ft
63.43
3 0.13
lbm / ft )
ID
7.98 in
Flow area
NRe
7.98 in
=
=
ft
0.35
0.67 ft
dimana :
V
rate volumetrik
luas area
ft3/s
0.26
0.35
sehingga
NRe
=
=
63.43
ft
0.74
ft/s.
lb/ft3
15,606.24
0.67 ft
0.002
0.74
ft/s
lb/ft.s

in
SPESIFIKASI :
Fungsi
Sebagai tempat penampung filtrat yang keluar dari

Bentuk
Shell
Diameter
2.35 ft
0.72 m
Tinggi
8.63 ft
2.63 m
Tinggi tutup atas
7.31 in
0.19 m
Tebal tutup bawah
0.19 in
0.005
Tebal tutup atas
0.19 in
0.005
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah

1
buah
C.24 Pump to Brooth tank (L-321)

Fungsi
:
Memompa liquid dari Storage tank filtrat dari
Rotary Vacuum Filter menuju Brooth tank
Type
:
Centrifugal Pump
Dasar Pemilihan :
jenis pompa ini cocok untuk liquida
1.1 m
0.3 m
8m
5.95
m
2m
1.5 m
C-171
Titik Referens :
Titik 1 : Rotary Vacuum Fiter
Titik 2 : Broth Tank
Data-data
Rate larutan
:
=
26,608.97
kg/h
Densitas Larutan
Viskositas Larutan
=
=
=
=
1,082.60
1.40
0.01
108.24
kg/m3 =
cp
=
lb/ft.s =
gpm
3
ft /s
Rate Volumetrik
=
=
58,672.78 lb/h
16.30
lb/s
3
67.59 lb/ft
0.001
kg/m.s
0.001
Pa.s
=
0.24
0.45
0.13
3.9 x Qf
x
Di optimum
=
Dimana
:
ft3/s
Qf
=
0.24
=
67.59
lb/cuft
Di optimum
=
3.56
in
=
9.03
cm
=
4 in Sch 40
ID
4.03
0.09

Kecepatan alir, v
in
ft2
0.10
0.34
ft
0.24
0.09
2.73
=
ft/s
Nre
xDxv
=
m
=
6,122.45
A.
2
hc =
Kc x v
2 x x gc
dimana :
Kc
=
=
0,55 (1-A2/A1)
0.55
(karena turbulen)

(A2>>> A1)
A1
A2
2
2.
lbm.ft/lbf.s
gc
=
32.174
hc
=
0.0639
ft lbf/lbm
=
4.921 ft
-5
/D
=
0.00045
C-172
Ff
NRe
=
6,122.45
2
4fv L
=
=
4
x
0.009
2 gc D
2
x
=
0.06135
ft lbf/lbm
Ff
Fs
=
hc
+
=
0.064 +
0.06135
=
0.1252
ft lbf/lbm
B.

4 f v2 L
=
Ff
=
4
x
0.009
2 gc D
0.4663
f=
0.009
2.73
32.17
=
f=
x
0.34
37 ft
0.009
2
2.73
32.17
x 4.921
37
0.3
ft lbf/lbm

Kf
Jumlah
elbow 90 standar
0.75
3
6
2
2
=
hf, elbow
= Kf x V
0.75 x
2 x gc
2 x
=
0.087133 ft lbf/lbm
2
=
K
hf, valve
=
6 x
fxV
=
2 x gc
0.69707
2 x
ft lbf/lbm
3.Sudden Expansion
Kex
Kex
32.17
2.73
32.17
1 - A1 / A2
1
Kex x v2
=
3.74
2
Fd
=
0.26140
+
1.3941
+
=
5.8597
ft lbf/lbm
hex
2.73
(Geankoplis hal 94)

+
=
0.1252
F
=
5.9849
+
0.4663
Fd
+
5.8597
ft lbf/lbm
Persamaan Bernouli
( P2/2 - P1/1)+(z2 - z1)g/gc + (v22 - v12)/2..gc + F
Ws
=
Dimana:
C-173
hex
+
3.74
P1
14.70
lb/ft2
P2
14.70
lb/ft2
z2 - z1
19.5
v1
ft/s
v2
7.48
ft/s
P1 - P 2
Ws
=
=
0
0
=
=
19.5
25.62

Sehingga :
BHP =
m x Ws
=
p
Efisiensi motor, m
Konsumsi Power
ft
80%
417.59
0.8
85%
BHP
m
7.48
64.35
5.9849
lb.ft/lb
521.986
0.949
1.12
lbf.ft/s
Hp
Hp
SPESIFIKASI
Nama alat
Fungsi
=
=
Tipe
Kapasitas
Power motor
Diameter pipa
Panjang pipa
Head pompa
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Pump to Broth Tank

Memompa liquid (campuran starch)dari Rotary Vacuum Filter menuju
Broth tank
Centrifugal pump
26,608.97
kg/h
1.12
Hp
0.1
m
12.9
m
7.8
m
0.8
0.85
1
buah
C.25 Broth Tank (F-230)

Fungsi
Bentuk
:
:
Menampung broth sebelum masuk ke proses kontinyu

Tekanan operasi =
14.7
Suhu
Rate massa
=
=
32
73,590.25
larutan
=
=
1,119
2.74
Waktu tinggal ()
psi
C
=
kg / day
kg/m3 =
m3/h
=
131
=
3,066
3
69.89 lbm/ft
97 ft3/h
(Gumbira Said)
m3
Volume liquida
V
*vo =
=
ft3
96.73
C-174
kg/h

Volume tangki
100
80
m3
3.42

Vtangki
= Vtutup atas
Vtutup atas
0.0847
Vtutup bawah
Vshell
Ditetapkan Ls
=
=
=
0.0847
0.7854
3 D
=
=
120.91
m3
=
120.91
Vtutup bawah
ft3
Vshell
44
D3
D2 Ls
D3
ft =
2.53
3.63
ft
in

Volume liquida
=
D3
Hliquida
=
0.0847
+
A *
Hliquida
96.73
=
4.05
+
10.35
Hliquida
=
=
=
=
Tinggi silinder
8.95
3 x
3 x
11 ft

P operasi
=
14.7 psi
Ptotal
= Phidrostatis
+
Ptotal
Pdesign
=
=
=
=
4.35
19.05
1.05
20.00
psi
psi
Ptotal
psi
ft
=
D
4
=
131
2.73
in
Poperasi
+
+
14.7 psi
14.7 psi
5.30
psig

C-175
(App. D, Brownell, hal : 342)
ts
fallowable
18,750
=
psi
Faktor korosi
(c)
=
0.1250
in
Efisiensi las. (E)
=
0.8
Pd x Di
=
+
c
2 x (f x E - 0.6 x Pd)
=
2
=
x (
0.13
5.30
18,750
in
=
x
2.12
16
Check :
OD
=
=
=
Harga OD standar
43.57
0.6 x
ID
+
43.57
43.95
0.8
=
=
3 in
16
0.19 in
2.ts
+
0.13
5.30 )
0.19
in
90
8
=
=

ID
=
OD
=
90 in
89.63
=
7.47
=
Hs
( Tabel 13.2 )
2.ts
- (
2 x
in
ft
= 3 ID
=
3
x
22.41
=
268.88
=
in
ft
0.19 ) in
7.47
ft
in
ft

Volume liquida
=
=
Vol. tutup bawah
+
A * Hliquida
=
96.73
Hliquida
0.0847
D3
10.35
Hliquida
10.35
Hliquida
35.29
=
=
5.94
1.81
ft
m
rc

=
ID
=
43.57
in
C-176
tha
tha
x
Pd
x
rc
( f x E - 0.1 x Pd )
5.30
=
0.89
x
x
18,750
x
0.8
0.1
0.14
=
in
=
2.22
=
16
= 0.19 in
0.885
sf
Crown radius, r
BC
ID
=
=
90
15.30
3.9 x (
1.33
dimana :
(Tabel 5.7, B & Y, hal 91)
in
=
ID
2
40
=
=
6
in
ID
85
in
1,560
)0.5
in
+
+
in
2 x tinggi tutup
2
x
17.49
=
25.32
ft
=
7.72
m
281.07
0.03
lb/h
ft3/s
0.13
0.45
x(
3 0.13
69.89 lb / ft )
in
x
x
1/12
1/12
ft/in
ft/in
=
=
0.375 ft
0.336 ft
=
=
0.00
6
=
V
(Tabel 5.8, B& Y, hal 91 )
in
=
=
0.03 ft /s )
0.088 ft
NRe
(Tabel 5.7, B & Y, hal 88 )
7,140
t + b + sf
17.49
tinggi silinder
268.9 in
303.85

dimana :
OD
=
4.50 in
ID
=
4.03 in
Flow area
0.125 in
( BC2 - AB2 )0,5

Rate Volumetrik
0.45
Di optimum
=
3.9 x
x
Qf
=
=
43.57
+
x
5.30
3
in
16
=
icr
in- (
in
=
=
=
=
=
Tinggi total tangki
in
(Tabel 5.8, B& Y, hal 93 )
in
=
90
=
5.5 in
6%
x ID
6%
x
90
5.40 in
ID
icr
2

=
=
=
AB
=
0.125
D
x
rate volumetrik
luas area
3
0.03 ft /s
0.09
ft
C-177
0.30
ft/s.
in
sehingga
NRe
3
69.89 lb/ft
1,187.75
0.34 ft
x
0.30
0.006
lb/ft.s
Aliran turbulen, asumsi benar, maka :

dapat digunakan pipa 4 in Schedule 40 in
SPESIFIKASI :
Fungsi
:
Bentuk
:
Menampung broth sebelum masuk ke proses kontinyu

Shell
Diameter
Tinggi
Tinggi tutup atas
Tebal tutup bawah
Tebal tutup atas
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
3.63 ft
=
1.11 m
25.32 ft
=
7.72 m
17.49 in
=
0.44 m
0.19 in
=
0.005 m
0.19 in
=
0.005 m
1
buah
C.26 Pump to Stripper Column (D-310A)

Fungsi
:
Type
:
Dasar Pemilihan :
Memompa liquid dari broth tank menuju Stripper Column

Centrifugal Pump
jenis pompa ini cocok untuk liquida
1m
-0.7
m
2
m
2m
1.5
Titik Referens :
Titik 1 : Broth Tank
Titik 2 : Stripper Column
Data-data
Rate larutan
:
=
26,608.97
kg/h
=
=
58,672.78 lb/h
16.30
lb/s
3
3
kg/m =
lb/ft
Densitas Larutan
=
1,080
67.42
Viskositas Larutan
=
0.34
cp
=
0.00034 kg/m.s
=
0.0025
lb/ft.s =
0.00034
Pa.s
Untuk fermentor Rate volumetrik dibagi 4 karena dalam 1 kali run ada 4 reaktor yang diisi
C-178
Rate Volumetrik
27.12
gpm
ft3/s
=
0.24
3.9 x Qf 0.45 x 0.13
Di optimum
=
Dimana
:
3
ft /s
Qf
=
0.24
=
Di optimum
=
67.42
3.56
lb/ft3
in
=
=
9.04
4 in Sch 40
cm
ID
4.03
0.09

Kecepatan alir, v
in
ft2
0.10
0.34
ft
0.24
0.09
2.74
=
ft/s
xDxv
=
25,210.10
Nre
A.
hc =
Kc x v2
2 x x gc
dimana :
Kc
=
=
0,55 (1-A2/A1)
0.55
(karena turbulen)

(A2>>> A1)
A1
A2
2
2.
Ff
lbm.ft/lbf.s
gc
=
32.174
hc
=
0.0642
ft lbf/lbm
=
4.921 ft
-5
/D
=
0.00045
NRe
=
25,210.10
f=
0.007
2
2
x 4.921
4fv L
=
=
4
x
0.007
x
2.74
2 gc D
2
x
=
0.04795
ft lbf/lbm
Ff
Fs
=
hc
+
=
0.064 +
0.04795
=
0.1122
ft lbf/lbm
C-179
32.17
0.34
B.

2
4fv L
=
Ff
=
4
x
0.007
2 gc D
0.1598
=
f=
x
16 ft
0.007
2
2.74
32.17
16
0.3
ft lbf/lbm

Kf
Jumlah
elbow 90 standar
0.75
2
6
2
2
=
hf, elbow
= Kf x V
0.75 x
2 x gc
2 x
=
0.087554 ft lbf/lbm
2
=
hf, valve
= Kf x V
6 x
2 x gc
0.70043
2.74
32.17
2.74
2 x
ft lbf/lbm
Kex
1 - A1 / A2
1
2
(Geankoplis hal 94)
Kex x v
=
3.76
2
Fd
=
0.17511
+
1.4009
+
=
5.4917
ft lbf/lbm
hex
32.17
3.Sudden Expansion
Kex

+
=
0.1122
F
=
5.6039
+
0.1598
hex
+
3.76
Fd
+
5.4917
ft lbf/lbm
Persamaan Bernouli
( P2/2 - P1/1)+(z2 - z1)g/gc + (v22 - v12)/2..gc + F
Ws
=
Dimana:
P1
14.70
lb/ft
P2
14.70
lb/ft
z2 - z1
-2.3
v1
ft/s
v2
7.51
ft/s
P1 - P 2
Ws
=
=
=
1.72
lb/ft
ft
2
2
-2.3
5.15
+
lb.ft/lb
C-180
7.51
64.35
5.6039

Sehingga :
BHP =
m x Ws
=
p
Efisiensi motor, m
Konsumsi Power
=
=
SPESIFIKASI
Nama alat
Fungsi
=
=
Tipe
Kapasitas
Power motor
Diameter pipa
Panjang pipa
Head pompa
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
80%
83.88
0.8
85%
BHP
m
104.850
0.191
0.22
lbf.ft/s
Hp
Hp
Pump to Stripper Column

Memompa liquid (campuran starch)dari Broth Tank menuju
Stripper Column
Centrifugal pump
26,608.97
kg/h
0.22
Hp
0.1
m
6.5
m
1.6
m
0.8
0.85
1
buah
C.27 Pre Heater to Stripper Column (E-311)

Fungsi
Type
Dasar Pemilihan
:
:
untuk memanaskan larutan umpan dari 32 oC menjadi 80.47 oC

sebelum dimasukan kedalam Stripper Column
Umum digunakan dan mempunyai range perpindahan yang besar

T1
=
=
148
298.4
air
O
32 C
t1 =
=
t2
90 F
=
T2
=
=
Neraca Energi
Rate umpan
=
=
=
Panas yang dibutuhkan
Panas yang digunakan
148
298.4 F
638,615.24
kg/day
26,608.97
kg/h
58,662.13
lb/h
=
35,452,449 kkal/day
=
1,477,185.4 kkal/h
=
5,861,471.5 Btu/h
= W steam
=
61,520.77
=
2,563.37
C-181
kg/day
kg/h
80.47
O
O
176.8 F
=
2
th
tc
=
=
LMTD
5,651.20
lb/h
LMTD
122
208.8
208.8
ln
122
298.4
133
161.26
208.8
122
Suhu Caloric
Tc dan tc
rata-rata :
Tc
tc
298
90
R = (T1 - T2) / (t2 - t1)
298 ) /
177 ) /
=
=
S = (t2 - t1) / (T1 - t1)

=
0.42
1

t true =
FT
x LMTD
=
Dipilih pipa ukuran

a.
161.26
O
161.3 F
3/4 in OD, 14 BWG, 16

1
in triangular pitch
ft,
Trial UD
Dari Kern , Tabel 8 Steam Medium Organic , range U D = 50-100
UD
Btu/h.ft2. oF
80
Dicoba, UD
=
A
=
=
=
(Kern, Tabel 8)
Btu / h ft2 oF
80
Q / UD . LMTD
5,861,471.5
/
80
2
ft
454.34
161.26
161.26

a"t
0.1963
in
=
0.268
=
= A / L a"t
=
454.34
/
16
=
144.66
Dari Kern, tabel 9:
Nt
=
178
ID shell
=
17.25
Tube passes
=
2
n'
=
1
Check
A
=
Nt
x
L
=
178
x
at
Nt
b.
ft2
UD
=
=
=
559.06
5,861,471.53
65.01
ft2
0.0019
x
0.1963
in
buah
x
16
ft
a"t
x
0.196
559.06
2o
Btu / j ft F
C-182
Shell
(umpan)
1) IDs
C'
B
as
2) Gs
=
=
=
=
17
PT - OD
1.00
8 in
=
=
ID . C ' . B / n' 144 PT

17
x
0.25
1
x
144
=
=
=
0.24
=
3) tc
in
-
x
x
0.25
8.00
1
M / as
67,482.81
0.24
281,667.38 lb / ft2 h
o
F
cp
lb / ft h
133
0.56
1.36
=
=
0.72 /
0.06
=
=
De . Gs /
Fs
=
=
12,470.52
(/w)
=
4) JH
60
Cp
K
=
=
19.96
0.38
Res
ft2
=
=
=
De
0.75
12
(Fig. 28 Kern)
ft
0.06
x
1.36
281,667.38
(Kern;240)
(Kern, Fig.28)
BTU / lb oF
(Tabel 4)
K[ Cp /K]1/3
=
0.38
=
5) ho
=
=
6) Uc
7) Rd
=
=
=(
=
=
=(
=
x(
19.96
x
0.38
1.36 )
1.57
JH . (K/De) [Cp / K]1/3
60
x ( 0.38 ) x (
1.57
)
0.06
Btu/J.ft2
598.45
1,500
x
598.4
) / ( 1,500
+
2o
Btu / j ft F
427.78
(Uc - Ud) / (Uc . Ud)
427.8
65.0 ) / (
427.8
x
65.0 )
0.0130
>
0.0030
(0.003 untuk media air)

Tube
(steam)
1)
at
1/3
Nt . at' / 144 . N
C-183
598.4
(memenuhi)
(Kern,tabel 12)
2) Gt
178
144
0.17
=
=
x
x
ft
M / at
3) Tc
5,651.20
0.17
34,117.56
o
F
298.4
ID
=
=
0.584
0.05
=
=
0.01
0.03
=
=
ID. Gt /
Ret
0.268
2
(tab 10 kern)
in
ft
(Fig 15kern)
lb / ft h
0.05
lb / ft2 h
x
0.03
34,117.56
62,373.71
4) Untuk steam
Hio
=
Btu/J.ft2
1,500
PRESSURE DROP
Shell
Res
f
sg
12,470.52
=
=
0.0020
bahan
reff
0.98
1.0
0.98
= 12 L / B
=
12
x
=
=
N+1
Ps
=
(Kern, Fig. 29)
16
8.0
f Gs IDs (N + 1)
5,22 .1010 De sg Fs
0.0020
x
79,336,510,620
10
5.22 .10
1.71
Psi
24.00
0.06
1.44
0.98
x
x
.
Tube
Ret
62,373.71
0.0017
(Kern, Fig.26)
(Kern,Table 7)
S
=
1.645
2
Pt
= f Gt L.n
5,22 .1010 ID sg Fs
0.0017
x
1,164,008,209.8
=
10
5.22 .10
x
0.05 x
1.645
16
C-184
24.00
=
0.015
psi
SPESIFIKASI :
o
o
Fungsi
= untuk memanaskan larutan umpan dari 32 C menjadi 80.47 C
sebelum dimasukan kedalam Stripper Column
Type
Bahan
= Carbon steel
Jumlah =
1 buah
Tube : OD
=
0.58 in
=
1.48 cm
Panjang
=
16 ft
=
4.88 m
Pitch
=
1
in triangular pitch
Jumlah Tube (Nt)
=
178 buah
Passes
=
2
Shell : ID
=
17.25 in
m2
=
1.80
2o
427.78
Btu / h ft F
65.01
Btu / h ft F
2o
C.28 Pump to Rectifying Column (L-313)

1
0.2
3
0.5
4.5
1
2
Titik Referens :
Titik 1 : Stripper Column
Titik 2 : Rectifying Column
Data-data
Rate larutan
kg/h
58,672.78
16.30
lb/s
3
lb/ft
48.88
783
kg/m3 =
0.34
cp
0.00034
kg/m.s
0.0025
lb/ft.s =
0.00034
Pa.s
149.65
0.33
gpm
ft3/s
Densitas Larutan
Viskositas Larutan
Rate Volumetrik
26,608.97

C-185
lb/h
Di optimum
3.9 x Qf
Dimana
0.45
0.13
Qf
0.33
ft3/s
Di optimum
=
=
48.88
3.94
lb/cuft
in
=
10.02
cm
4 in Sch 40
ID
4.03
0.09
in
2
ft
0.10
0.34
ft

Kecepatan alir, v
0.33
0.09
Nre
=
xDxv
3.78
ft/s
m
=
25,210.10
A.
1
Friksi yang terjadi karena adanya kontraksi

hc =
Kc x v2
2 x x gc
dimana :
Kc
=
0,55 (1-A2/A1)
0.55
(karena turbulen)

(A2>>> A1)
A1
A2
gc
hc
2.
=
=
32.174
0.1222
lbm.ft/lbf.s
ft lbf/lbm

/D
NRe
Ff
0.00045
25,210.10

4 f v2 L
=
=
4
x
0.007
2 gc D
=
=
17 ft
-5
2
0.31622
ft lbf/lbm

Kf
Jumlah
C-186
f=
x
0.007
3.78
32.17
x
0.34
17
elbow 90 o standar
0.75

2
hf, elbow
= Kf x V
6
=
1
0.75
0.33
32.17
0.33
32.17
2 x gc
=
hf, valve
0.001296
Kf x V2 =
ft lbf/lbm
2 x gc
=
Fs
=
=

Ff
hc
+
0.122
B.
0.01037
2.6987
0.31622
ft lbf/lbm
3*hf elbow
2.25
hf globe
0.010
ft lbf/lbm

1.
Ff

23
ft

4 f v2 L
=
=
4
x
0.007
f=
x
0.007
3.78
32.17
2
0.75
3.78
32.17
ft lbf/lbm
6 x
3.78
32.17
2 gc D
=
0.4257
0.3
ft lbf/lbm

Kf
o
elbow 90 standar
0.75

2
hf, elbow
= Kf x V
6
=
Jumlah
2
2 x gc
hf, valve
=
=
0.166571
Kf x V2 =
2 x gc
1.33257
Kex
Kex
hex
Kex x v
ft lbf/lbm
3.Sudden Expansion
1 - A1 / A2
2
7.15
(Geankoplis hal 94)
2
Fd
2 x hf,elbow + 2 x hf,globe valve + Ff
C-187
hex
23
0.33314
10.5696
Friksi total pompa

F
2.6651
0.4257
7.15
ft lbf/lbm
= Fs
2.6987
13.2684
Fd
+
10.5696
ft lbf/lbm
Persamaan Bernouli
( P2/2 - P1/1)+(z2 - z1)g/gc + (v22 - v12)/2..gc + F
Ws
=
Dimana:
P1
14.70
lb/ft
P2
14.70
lb/ft2
z2 - z1
4.9
v1
ft/s
v2
14.29
ft/s
P1 - P 2
Ws
ft
4.9
14.29
64.35
=
18.41
80%
lb.ft/lb
Sehingga :
BHP =
m x Ws
300.07
p
Efisiensi motor, m
Konsumsi Power
375.093
0.682
lbf.ft/s
0.8
Hp
85%
BHP
m
0.80
Hp
SPESIFIKASI
Nama alat
Pump to Rectifying Column
Fungsi
Memompa liquid dari distilat Stripper Column menuju

Rectifying Column
Tipe
Kapasitas
Centrifugal pump
26,608.97
kg/h
Power motor
0.80
Hp
Diameter pipa
0.1
Panjang pipa
12.2
Head pompa
5.6
Efisiensi pompa
0.8
Efisiensi motor
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
0.85
1
buah
C-188
13.2684
C.29 Stripper Column (D-310A)

Fungsi =
Memisahkan ethanol dari gula-gula berat sehingga didapat ethanol 40-50%
Komponen
BM Massa (kg/jam)
kmol
xFi
CH3CHO
44
2.33
0.05
0.00
C2H5OH
46
1,989.84
43.26
0.03
Propanol
60
0.22
0.00
0.00
Air
18
24,282.47
1,349.03
0.97
Butanol
74
0.26
0.00
0.00
CH3COOH
60
31.77
0.53
0.00
Isoamyl Alkohol
88
0.56
0.01
0.00
Amyl Alkohol
88
0.52
0.01
0.00
C3H8O3
92
102.30
1.11
0.00
Glukosa
180
0.50
0.00
0.00
Maltosa
342
198.21
0.58
0.00
Total
26,608.97
1,394.58
1.00
Dari perhitungan neraca massa (Appendiks A) :
Rate Distilat (D) =
5,676.67 kg/h
Rate Bottom (B) =
20,932.30 kg/h
Nm
=
3.93
=
80%
N actual
=
4.92
Q=RxD
=
=
=
=
V = D x (R + 1)
kg/jam
gpm =
kg/jam
cufs
0.071
cufs
Keterangan
101.325 kPa
353.620 K
Tekanan operasi
Suhu Operasi
Density liquid
Density gas
Surface tension liquid
Beban liquid
Beban gas
Layout Tray (sieve)
Jumlah Plate
943.571
0.825
243.66
26.49
67.52
Merancang Diameter Kolom

1. Rate Maksimum dan Minimum
Q=
26.49 gpm
Q max =
100% +
=
34.44 gpm
Q min =
100% =
18.54 gpm
V=
5,676.67
26.49
5,676.67
67.52
kg/m3
58.91
kg/m3
0.05
dynes/cm
gpm
cufs
Cross Flow
5
plus minus
30%
30%
67.52 cfs
C-189
lb/cuft
lb/cuft
30%
V max =
=
V min =
=
100%
87.78
100%
47.26
+
cfs
cfs
30%
30%
2. Diameter Kolom
Tray Spacing yang dipakai =
Effective spacing =
S' =
S=
20 inc
Ludwig gb 8.121 hal 177
=
10
10
S-2.5hl1
batas Entrainment maksimum =

5%
Surface tension liquid =
243.66 dynes/cm
Dari Ludwig gambar 8.90 : Sieve Tray entrainment correction
ew
=
5%
Vc =
4 ft/dt
Diameter Kolom =
((4/3,14)x(3046,35/8))^0,5 =
4.6371
2
ft
At = 1/4 * 3,14 * D^2 =
19.64
3. Type Tray
Q1 =
26.49 gpm
Dari Ludwig 8.63
Type =
Cross Flow
4. Ukuran weir
Jika dipakai hw =
# DC Samping
how min =
how max =
hl min =
hl max =
Syarat
hlmax 4"
hlmin 2"
Dt =
2"
ft
5 ft
5 ft
Dt =
5 ft
0.3499
0.5287
2.5287
2.3499
L/D
L,ft
lw, ft
how min,inc
how max,inc
hl max,inc
hl min,inc
0.5
0.6
2.5
2.5
0.3499
0.5287
2.5287
2.3499
5. Downcomer, Luasan aktif & Luasan Lubang

Tinggi downcommer clearance =
Disarankan hw-hc berkisar antara 0.25" s/d 0.5"
Ditetapkan hw-hc =
0.25
"
hc = hw
0.25
hc =
1.75
"
lebar daerah yang terbuang = We =
lebar daerah penenang = dl =
0.75
3.75
3.75
0.2670
0.4034
2.4034
2.2670
3.5
3.5
0.2796
0.4224
2.4224
2.2796
hc
1.5 "
3"
Ac = At - (2 x Ad)
Luas Down commer clearance
2
hd = 0,03 x (Qmax/(100 x Adc))
H = (H/D) x D
x = (D/2) - ((H + Wdl)/12)
0.7
3
3
0.3099
0.4682
2.4682
2.3099
Adc = hc x lw
C-190
18.504024 ft
2
0.3646 ft
=
=
=
0.0268 in
0.3350 ft
1.9150 ft
r = (D/2) - (We/12)
Aa = 2(x(r2-x2)0,5+r2arc sin(x/r))-Adt
Syarat
0.5
0.0288
0.6
0.0520
0.7
0.0878
0.75
0.1122
Ad, ft2
0.5655
1.0210
1.7240
2.2030
18.504024
17.59296
16.187094
15.228906
0.3646
0.0268
0.0670
0.3350
4.0200
1.9150
2.2500
0.4375
0.0186
0.1000
0.5000
6.0000
1.7500
2.2500
0.5104
0.0137
0.1430
0.7150
8.5800
1.5350
2.2500
0.5469
0.0119
0.1695
0.8475
10.1700
1.4025
2.2500
x(r2-x2)0.5
arc sin x/r
2.2620
1.0181
2.4749
0.8911
2.5252
0.7508
2.4676
0.6730
Aa, ft2
Aa/At, %
14.8323
75.5401
13.9724
71.1605
12.6522
64.4370
11.7492
59.8382
Adc, ft
hd,in
H/D
H, ft
H,inc
x, ft
r, ft
syarat < 1"
Dipilih L/D =
Ao
Aa
A0
2.2500 ft
2
14.8323 ft
L/D
Ad/At
Ac, ft
60-80%
50%
0.9065
dan lubang disusun segitigasama sisi
n2
2
0.8403 ft
do
1.034649942 ft
2.5
3.5
Ao, ft2
2.1513
1.4939
1.0976
0.8403
Satisfactory Design
1. Pressure Drop tray
hr = 31,2/liq
0.53
hp = 12 x (v/L) x 1,14 x ((vmax/A0)2/2gc) x (0,4(1,25 - (A0/Ac)) + (1 - (A0/Ac)2)

hp
=
2.8219
ht
=
5.8802
n
hp, in
ht, in
2.5
0.3816
3.4399
3
0.8414
3.8997
3.5
1.6163
4.6746
2. Downcommer back up/weeping

Hd = hw+how max+ht+hd
Hdf =
T+hw =
=
22 "
Hd
=
5.9953
tw = 0.8 x(how max x (T+hw-Hd)0.5)
hpw
=
0.3514
"
hpmin
=
0.8182
"
Syarat
Hd/hdf 0.5
Tw/h 0.6
n
Hd, in
Hd/hdf
tw, in
tw/H
2.5
5.9953
0.2725
1.6920
0.1664
4
2.8219
5.8802
"
=
3
6.4551
0.2934
1.6675
0.1640
C-191
1.6920
3.5
7.2300
0.3286
1.6254
0.1598
"
4
8.4357
0.3834
1.5576
0.1532
hpw, in
n
hpmin, in
hpw
hpw < hpmin
0.3514
2.5
0.1106
0.3514
3
0.2440
3. Flooding & Entrainment

Te = T - 2,5hlmax
=
13.68
Entrainment, e
=
0.0022
OK
Flooding
fraksi entrainment
=
e/(1-e)
=
0,5
(Q/V)x(V/L)
=
0.02956
% Flooding = 55% < 85% (fig. 13.26) {OK}
4. Tinggi Kolom
Tinggi Kolom bagian atas =
tinngi kolom yang berisi plate =
Z1 =
Z2 =
Z2 =
Z3 =
Z3 =
Z=
Z=
Tinggi kolom bagian bawah =

Tinggi Kolom =
0.3514
3.5
0.4686
0.3514
4
0.8182
karena kurang dari = 0,05

0.00223
3 ft
S(jumlah Plate-1)
6.53 ft
dibulatkan =
(Q/At)*Teta
Teta =
1.08
ft
dibulatkan =
12
ft
3.61
m dibulatkan
7 ft
5 menit
2 ft
4m
C.30 Reboiler Stripper Colum

t3 =
t1 =
109.673
188.727
T2 =
Steam jenuh
p=
T1 =
298.400
t2 =
F
t1 =
t2 =
188.431
188.382
298.400
110.018

P (kPa)
T (K)
Hv (kJ/kg)
Hl (kJ/kg)
(kJ/kg)
451.64
421.15
2,745.988
624.019
2,121.736
P (psi)
T (F)
Hv (Btu/lb)
Hl (Btu/lb)
(Btu/lb)
825.505
298.400
1,179.651
268.073
911.479
1. Material dan heat balance
Q = m . Cp . (t2 - t1) + m3 . (hg - hl)
dimana : m1 =
1,207,915.490
lb/jam
m2 =
46,147.837
lb/jam
m3 =
1,161,767.652
lb/jam
Untuk steam 825,505 psig didapatkan =
911.479
Komponen
ref (kJ/mol)
BM
ref (kJ/kg)
Btu/lb
ref (Btu/lb)
Cp (kJ/kg K)
Cp (Btu/lb F)
CH3CHO
44
25.470
1.121
0.481
2.303
1.781
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
46
60
18
42.320
47.450
43.980
1.947
2.847
0.792
0.836
1.223
0.340
2.186
2.973
4.187
1.690
2.299
3.238
C-192
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
74
60
88
88
92
180
342
52.350
23.360
55.610
57.020
61.000
76.626
112.363
3.874
1.402
4.894
5.018
5.612
13.793
38.428
1.664
0.602
2.102
2.156
2.411
5.925
16.508
2.722
2.240
3.153
3.153
2.412
1.968
1.260
Q1 = qs = m1 . Cp . (t2 - t1)
t2 - t1 =
0.049 F
Komponen
Massa (lb/jam)
Cp (Btu/lb F) Q (Btu/jam)
CH3CHO
0.005
1.781
0.000
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
597.434
0.029
1,206,297.726
0.016
356.170
0.006
0.014
225.984
1.106
437.001
1,207,915.490
Q2 = m3 . (hg - hl) = m3 .
Komponen
Massa (lb/jam)
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
0.005
593.047
0.028
1,160,887.491
0.016
286.568
0.006
0.014
0.448
0.000
0.030
1,161,767.652
1.690
49.244
2.299
0.003
3.238 190,478.160
2.104
0.002
1.732
30.089
2.438
0.001
2.438
0.002
1.865
20.554
1.522
0.082
0.975
20.770
190,598.906
ref (Btu/lb)
0.481
Q (Btu/jam)
0.002
0.836
495.961
1.223
0.035
0.340 394,796.182
1.664
0.027
0.602
172.547
2.102
0.013
2.156
0.030
2.411
1.080
5.925
0.000
16.508
0.497
395,466.373
Q = Q1 + Q2
Q=
586,065.279 Btu/jam
Q=M.
M=
642.983
lb/jam
2. Menghitung T (LMTD)
t1 - t2
109.7
110.0
=
=
109.846
t1
109.673
ln
ln
t2
110.018
harga Ft = 1 karena prosesnya isothermal dan type HE : 1-2
tLM =
1
x
109.846
=
109.846
F
tLM =
3. Menghitung Suhu Caloric (Tc dan tc)
C-193
2.104
1.732
2.438
2.438
1.865
1.522
0.975
Tc = 1/2 (T1+T2) =
tc = 1/2 (t1+t2) =
298.400 F
188.554 F
4. Trial Q/A =
10,000
Btu/j.ft2 yang terletak antara 8.000 - 12.000 Btu/j.ft2
Q
586,065.279
A=
=
=
59 ft2
10,000
10,000
mengambil nilai a" =
0.1963
l=
12
A
59
Nt =
=
=
26 buah
a" . l
0.1963
x
12
Dari table 9 App Kern, maka didapatkan
Nt =
26 buah dan n =
2 passes dan IDs =
8
UD distandartkan dengan menggunakan persamaan :
Q
586,065.279
UD standart =
=
(Nt . a" . l) tLM
26
x
0.196
x
12
UD standart =
87.114
109.8
Kesimpulan sementara hasil perancangan :

Tipe HE : 1-2
Bagian Shell (Liquid)
IDs =
n' =
8
1
do =
n=
Bagian Tube (Steam)

3/4 " ; l =
12 ft ;
14 BWG
2 susunan persegi ; PT = 1 "
2
de =
0.95 " ; a' = 0.268 in ; a" =
2
ft /ft ; di =
0.584 '
0.196
Evaluasi perpindahan panas

5. -
5'.
6. 7. Trial ho =
at =
300 Btu/jam.ft .F
Gt =
Nret =
26
0.268
Gt . di
. 2,42
n . 144
M
at
642.983
0.024
2
=
26,575.647 lb/ft
0.584 /12 x 26,575.647
0.014
x
2.42
6'.
7'.
kan adalah steam jenuh

2
hio = 1,500 Btu/jam.ft .F
Btu/jam.ft .F. Harga ho dihitung :

Q
=
38,174.384
JH tidak perlu dicari karena yang diguna-
ho =
Nt . a'
2
x
144
2
=
0.024 ft
dapat dicari pada gambar 15 app Kern
=
0.014
hio
tw = tc +
(Tc-tc)
(ho+hio)
1,500
tw = 188.6
+
298.4
- 188.6
1,800
tw =
280.092
F
t = (tw-tc) = 280.1
188.6
=
91.538
F
Dari gambar 15.11 Kern didapatkan :
2
hs =
69 Btu/jam.ft .F dan hv > 300
2
Btu/jam.ft .F, sehingga diambil ho = 300
Bagian Tube (Steam)

Menghitung Nre pipa dengan
Q1
hs
Q2
+
hv
586,065.279
=
190,598.906
395,466.373
+
69
300
2
Btu/jam.ft .F
=
143.625
Sebetulnya ho berbeda dengan ho trial, tetapi ho
sudah terlalu besar sehingga ho perhitungan
dianggap benar.
C-194
8. Mencari tahanan panas pipa bersih (UC)

ho x hio
143.6
=
ho + hio
143.6
9. Mencari tahanan panas pipa terpakai (RD)
x
+
1,500
1,500
UC - UD
87.1
UC =
131.1
131 Btu/jam.ft2.F
=
0.0038
Btu/jam.ft2.F
131.1
x
87.1
Btu/jam.ft2.F >
Btu/jam.ft2.F
=
0.0038
0.0035
Karena Rd dihitung > Rd ketetapan, maka rancangannya over design atau memenuhi
Rd =
UC x UD
Evaluasi p
p dibagian shell diabaikan
Bagian Tube (Steam)

1'. Menghitung Nre pipa atau diambil dari tahap 5'
Nret = 38,174.384
Melalui Fig 26 App Kern didapatkan :
=
0.00019
2'. Menghitung p karena panjang pipa
pl =
. Gt2 . L . n
5,22 . 1010 . di . S . t
0.00019
=
10
5.22 x 10
2
x
x
x
26,575.647
12
x
2
0.584 / 12 x 0.904
x
1
= 0.001 psi
3'. Menghitung p karena tube passes
v2
pn = 4 . n
x
x
S
2 . gc
144
steam =
56.53 lb/ft3
gc =
32.17
=
8.845
x
0.000 x
0.393
pn =
0.001
psi
4'. Mencari p total pada bagian tube
ptotal = pl + pn = 0.001 +
0.001
=
0.002
psi
C.31
Rectifying Column (D-310B)
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
BM Massa (kg/jam)
kmol
xFi
44
2.330
0.053
46
1,987.847
43.214
60
0.215
0.004
18
3,684.741
204.708
74
0.258
0.003
60
0.200
0.003
88
0.559
0.006
88
0.516
0.006
92
0.000
0.000
180
0.000
0.000
342
0.000
0.000
C-195
2.14E-04
0.174
1.44E-05
0.825
1.41E-05
1.34E-05
2.56E-05
2.36E-05
1.28E-18
1.96E-38
2.45E-27
Total
5,676.665
247.997
1.000
Dari perhitungan neraca massa (Appendiks A) :

Rate Distilat (D) =
2,068.348 kg/h
Rate Bottom (B) =
3,608.317 kg/h
Nm
=
11.614
=
80%
N actual
=
14.518
R
=
1.500
Q=RxD
=
=
=
=
V = D x (R + 1)
kg/jam
gpm =
kg/jam
cufs
0.039
cfs
Keterangan
101.325 kPa
350.856 K
Tekanan operasi
Suhu Operasi
Density liquid
Density gas
Surface tension liquid
Beban liquid
Beban gas
Layout Tray (sieve)
Jumlah Plate
945.228
0.758
54.85
14.45
66.91
Merancang Diameter Kolom

1. Rate Maksimum dan Minimum
Q=
14.45 gpm
Q max =
100% +
=
18.79 gpm
Q min =
100% =
10.12 gpm
V=
V max =
=
V min =
=
3,102.522
14.452
5,170.870
66.909
66.91
100%
86.98
100%
46.84
cfs
+
cfs
cfs
2. Diameter Kolom
Tray Spacing yang dipakai =
Effective spacing =
S' =
kg/m3
59.01
kg/m3
0.05
dynes/cm
gpm
cfs
Cross Flow
15
plus minus
lb/cuft
lb/cuft
30%
30%
30%
30%
30%
S=
S-2.5hl1
20 inc
Ludwig gb 8.121 hal 177
=
10
10
batas Entrainment maksimum =

5%
Surface tension liquid =
54.85 dynes/cm
Dari Ludwig gambar 8.90 : Sieve Tray entrainment correction
ew
=
5%
Vc =
4 ft/dt
C-196
Diameter Kolom =
((4/3,14)x(3046,35/8))^0,5 =
2
19.64 ft
At = 1/4 * 3,14 * D^2 =

3. Type Tray
Q1 =
14.45 gpm
Dari Ludwig 8.63
Type =
Cross Flow
4. Ukuran weir
Jika dipakai hw =
# DC Samping
how min =
how max =
hl min =
hl max =
Syarat
hlmax 4"
hlmin 2"
Dt =
2"
4.6161
ft
5 ft
Dt =
5 ft
0.2336
0.3530
2.3530
2.2336
L/D
L,ft
lw, ft
how min,inc
how max,inc
hl max,inc
hl min,inc
0.5
0.6
2.5
2.5
0.2336
0.3530
2.3530
2.2336
5. Downcomer, Luasan aktif & Luasan Lubang

Tinggi downcommer clearance =
Disarankan hw-hc berkisar antara 0.25" s/d 0.5"
Ditetapkan hw-hc =
0.25
"
hc = hw
0.25
hc =
1.75
"
lebar daerah yang terbuang = We =
lebar daerah penenang = dl =
0.7
3
3
0.2069
0.3126
2.3126
2.2069
3.5
3.5
0.1867
0.2821
2.2821
2.1867
1.5 "
3"
=
Luas Down commer clearance

Adc = hc x lw
2
hd = 0,03 x (Qmax/(100 x Adc))
H = (H/D) x D
x = (D/2) - ((H + Wdl)/12)
r = (D/2) - (We/12)
Aa = 2(x(r2-x2)0,5+r2arc sin(x/r))-Adt
2
18.504024 ft
2
0.3646 ft
=
=
=
=
0.0080
0.3350
1.9150
2.2500
in
ft
ft
ft
2
14.8323 ft
L/D
Ad/At
0.5
0.0288
0.6
0.0520
0.7
0.0878
0.75
0.1122
0.5655
1.0210
1.7240
2.2030
18.504024
17.59296
16.187094
15.228906
0.3646
0.0080
0.0670
0.3350
4.0200
1.9150
2.2500
0.4375
0.0055
0.1000
0.5000
6.0000
1.7500
2.2500
0.5104
0.0041
0.1430
0.7150
8.5800
1.5350
2.2500
0.5469
0.0035
0.1695
0.8475
10.1700
1.4025
2.2500
Ad, ft
Ac, ft
syarat < 1"
0.75
3.75
3.75
0.1783
0.2694
2.2694
2.1783
hc
Ac = At - (2 x Ad)
Syarat
5 ft
Adc, ft
hd,in
H/D
H, ft
H,inc
x, ft
r, ft
C-197
60-80%
Dipilih L/D =
Ao
Aa
A0
n
Ao, ft
x(r2-x2)0.5
arc sin x/r
2.2620
1.0181
2.4749
0.8911
2.5252
0.7508
2.4676
0.6730
Aa, ft2
Aa/At, %
14.8323
75.5401
13.9724
71.1605
12.6522
64.4370
11.7492
59.8382
50%
0.9065
dan lubang disusun segitigasama sisi
n
2
0.8403 ft
do
1.034649942 ft
2.5
3.5
2.1513
1.4939
1.0976
0.8403
Satisfactory Design
1. Pressure Drop tray
hr = 31,2/liq
0.53
hp = 12 x (v/L) x 1,14 x ((vmax/A0)2/2gc) x (0,4(1,25 - (A0/Ac)) + (1 - (A0/Ac)2)

hp
=
2.5428
ht
=
5.4245
n
hp, in
ht, in
2.5
0.3438
3.2255
3
0.7582
3.6399
3.5
1.4564
4.3381
2. Downcommer back up/weeping

Hd = hw+how max+ht+hd
Hdf =
T+hw =
=
22 "
Hd
=
5.5865
tw = 0.8 x(how max x (T+hw-Hd)0.5)
hpw
=
0.3426
"
hpmin
=
0.7373
"
Syarat
Hd/hdf 0.5
Tw/h 0.6
hpw
hpw < hpmin
n
Hd, in
Hd/hdf
tw, in
tw/H
hpw, in
n
hpmin, in
"
=
2.5
5.5865
0.2539
1.1440
0.1125
0.3426
2.5
0.0997
Z1 =
1.1440
3
6.0008
0.2728
1.1295
0.1111
0.3426
3
0.2198
3. Flooding & Entrainment

Te = T - 2,5hlmax
=
14.12
Entrainment, e
=
0.0087
OK
Flooding
fraksi entrainment
=
e/(1-e)
=
0,5
(Q/V)x(V/L)
=
0.01699
% Flooding = 55% < 85% (fig. 13.26) {OK}
4. Tinggi Kolom
Tinggi Kolom bagian atas =
4
2.5428
5.4245
"
3.5
6.6990
0.3045
1.1046
0.1086
0.3426
3.5
0.4223
karena kurang dari = 0,05

0.00875
3 ft
C-198
4
7.7854
0.3539
1.0646
0.1047
0.3426
4
0.7373
tinngi kolom yang berisi plate =
Z2 =
Z2 =
Z3 =
Z3 =
Z=
Z=
Tinggi kolom bagian bawah =

Tinggi Kolom =
S(jumlah Plate-1)
22.53 ft
dibulatkan =
(Q/At)*Teta
Teta =
0.59
ft
dibulatkan =
27
ft
8.11
m dibulatkan
23 ft
5 menit
1 ft
9m
C.32. Condenser Rectifying Column (E-332A)
T1 =
t2 =
83.924
169.924
t2 =
Cooling water
p=
t1 =
86
t1 =
F
T2 =

Q = m . Cp . (t2 - t1) = M . (hg - hl)
238,445.098
=
mx
1
m=
8,831.300 lb/jam
x(
113
169.841
86
113
56.841
t1 - t2
56.8
83.9
tLM =
=
=
69.505
t1
56.841
ln
ln
t2
83.924
tLM =
1
x
69.505
=
69.505
F

Tc = 1/2 (T1+T2) =
169.883 F
tc = 1/2 (t1+t2) =
99.500 F
4. Trial UD =
100 Btu/j.ft2 yang terletak antara 75 - 150 Btu/j.ft2

Q
238,445.098
A=
=
=
35 ft2
UD . t
6,951
0.1963
l=
8
A
35
Nt =
=
=
22.29 buah
a" . l
0.1963
x
8
Nt =
26 buah dan n =
2 passes dan IDs =
8
UD dikoreksi dengan menggunakan persamaan :
UD koreksi =
Nt
Nt standart
UD trial
C-199
22.287
26.000
100
UD koreksi =
85.720

Tipe HE : 1-2
Bagian Shell (Uap)
IDs =
n' =
B=
8
1
Bagian Tube (Air)

3/4 " ; l =
8 ft ;
2 susunan persegi ; PT =
do =
n=
16 in =
14 BWG
1
2
de =
0.95 " ; a' = 0.268 in ; a" =
ft2/ft ; di =
0.584 '
1.333 ft
0.196

5. Menghitung Nre Shell
IDS . C' . B
8
as =
=
n' . PT . 144
1
Gs =
Nres =
0.25
1
M
as
Gsxde
x
x
=
=
x2.42
16
144
8,831
0.222
Bagian Tube (Air)

Menghitung NRe tube
Nt . a'
22
at =
=
n . 144
2
5'.
x
x
0.222
39,740.850
39,740.850
0.4408
0.95 /12
2.42
2,949.324
6. -
6'.
2
300 Btu/jam.ft .F
ho
tw = tc +
(Tc-tc)
(ho+hio)
300
tw = 99.5
+
169.9
- 99.5
300
tw =
169.883
F
tf =(Tc +tw)/2 =
169.883
F
sehingga :
kf =
0.013 Btu/jam.ft.F
sf =
0.600
7'.
=
=
7. Trial ho =
0.009
M
G" =
l.Nt2/3
144
=
0.021 ft
=
0.684
M
8,831.300
Gt =
=
at
0.021
ft2
Gt . di
. 2,42
f =
0.268
x
2
Nret =
2
=
425,818.543 lb/ft
0.584 /12 x 425,818.543
0.684
x
2.42
12,526.760
Menghitung harga koefisien film perpindahan panas hi

Gt
425,818.543
v=
=
=
3600.
3,600
x
62.29
=
1.899 ft/s
Dari gambar 25 app Kern didapatkan hi = 560
Btu/jam.ft2.F dan faktor koreksi = 1.010
sehingga :
hio =
hi (
di
do
)=
cp
8,831
8
x
26
=
125.782
lb/j.ft
Dari gambar 12.9 Kern akan didapatkan ho =
340 Btu/j.ft.F (memenuhi)
ho x hio
340.0
UC =
=
ho + hio
340.0
2/3
x
+
440
440
191.9
85.7
191.9
85.7
440.414
1.010
0.584
0.750
Btu/j.ft2.F
192 Btu/jam.ft2.F

Rd =
UC - UD
UC x UD
C-200
0.0065
Btu/jam.ft2.F
560
Btu/jam.ft .F >
Btu/jam.ft .F
=
0.0065
0.0035
Evaluasi p
Bagian Shell (Uap)
1. Menghitung Nre dan friksi
NRean =
2,949.324

=
0.0026
Bagian Tube (Air)

Nret = 12,526.760
=
0.00027
2. Menghitung ps hanya karena panjang shell,
pl =
s = (/62,5)
=
46.94
62.5
0.751
2
.Gs .IDs.(N+1)
5,22.1010.de.s.t
72.029
1
x
2
N+1 = (12 x l)/B =
pl =
pl = 0.032
psi
. Gt2 . L . n
5,22 . 1010 . di . S . t
0.00027
=
10
5.22 x 10
x
x
x
425,818.543
8
x
2
0.584 / 12 x
1
x
1
= 0.308 psi
v2
pn = 4 . n
x
x
S
2 . gc
144
air =
62.50 lb/ft3
gc = 32.17
=
8.000
x
0.056 x
0.434
pn =
0.195
psi
ptotal = pl + pn = 0.308 +
0.195
=
0.503
psi
C.33 Reboiler Rectifying Column

t3 =
t1 =
141.414
188.586
T2 =
Steam jenuh
p=
T1 =
330.000
t2 =
F
t1 =
t2 =
188.513
187.077
330.000
142.923

P (psi)
T (F)
Hv (Btu/lb)
Hl (Btu/lb)
(Btu/lb)
863.060
330.000
1,187.700
300.680
Q = m . Cp . (t2 - t1) + m3 . (hg - hl)
dimana : m1 =
149,609.169
lb/jam
m2 =
7,954.979
lb/jam
m3 =
141,654.190
lb/jam
C-201
887.020
Untuk steam 825,505 psig didapatkan =

887.020
Komponen
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
ref (kJ/mol)
BM
ref (kJ/kg)
Btu/lb
ref (Btu/lb)
Cp (kJ/kg K)
Cp (Btu/lb F)
44
25.470
1.121
0.481
2.303
1.781
46
60
18
74
60
88
88
92
180
342
42.320
47.450
43.980
52.350
23.360
55.610
57.020
61.000
76.626
112.363
1.947
2.847
0.792
3.874
1.402
4.894
5.018
5.612
13.793
38.428
0.836
1.223
0.340
1.664
0.602
2.102
2.156
2.411
5.925
16.508
2.186
2.973
4.187
2.722
2.240
3.153
3.153
2.412
1.968
1.260
1.690
2.299
3.238
2.104
1.732
2.438
2.438
1.865
1.522
0.975
Q1 = qs = m1 . Cp . (t2 - t1)
t2 - t1 =
1.436 F
Komponen
Massa (lb/jam)
Cp (Btu/lb F) Q (Btu/jam)
CH3CHO
0.000
1.781
0.000
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
439.686
1.003
148,924.118
22.599
1.743
32.520
187.500
0.000
0.000
0.000
149,609.169
Q2 = m3 . (hg - hl) = m3 .
Komponen
Massa (lb/jam)
CH3CHO
C2H5OH
Propanol
Air
Butanol
CH3COOH
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
C3H8O3
Glukosa
Maltosa
Total
1.690
1,067.418
2.299
3.312
3.238 692,606.131
2.104
68.317
1.732
4.337
2.438
113.884
2.438
656.624
1.865
0.000
1.522
0.000
0.975
0.000
694,520.022
ref (Btu/lb)
Q (Btu/jam)
0.000
0.481
0.000
435.303
0.995
140,975.132
22.450
1.303
32.404
186.603
0.000
0.000
0.000
141,654.190
0.836
1.223
0.340
1.664
0.602
2.102
2.156
2.411
5.925
16.508
364.041
1.217
47,943.013
37.361
0.784
68.122
402.239
0.000
0.000
0.000
48,816.778
Q = Q1 + Q2
Q=
743,336.799 Btu/jam
Q=M.
M=
838.016
lb/jam
C-202
t1 - t2
141.4
142.9
tLM =
=
=
142.167
t1
141.414
ln
ln
t2
142.923
tLM =
1
x
142.167
=
142.167
F

Tc = 1/2 (T1+T2) =
330.000 F
tc = 1/2 (t1+t2) =
187.831 F
4. Trial Q/A =
8,000
Btu/j.ft2 yang terletak antara 8.000 - 12.000 Btu/j.ft2
Q
743,336.799
A=
=
=
93 ft2
8,000
8,000
0.1963
l=
15
A
93
Nt =
=
=
32 buah
a" . l
0.1963
x
15
Nt =
32 buah dan n =
2 passes dan IDs =
8
UD distandartkan dengan menggunakan persamaan :
Q
743,336.799
UD standart =
=
(Nt . a" . l) tLM
32
x
0.196
x
15
UD standart =
55.491
142.2

Tipe HE : 1-2
IDs =
n' =
8
1
do =
n=
Bagian Tube (Steam)

3/4 " ; l =
15 ft ;
14 BWG
susunan
persegi
;
P
=
1
"
2
T
2
de =
0.95 " ; a' = 0.268 in ; a" =
ft2/ft ; di =
0.584 '
0.196

5. 6. -
5'.
7. Trial ho =
300 Btu/jam.ft .F
0.268
x
144
2
=
0.030 ft
=
0.014
M
838.016
Gt =
=
at
0.030
hio
tw = tc +
(Tc-tc)
(ho+hio)
1,500
tw = 187.8
+
330.0
- 187.8
1,800
tw =
306.305
F
t = (tw-tc) = 306.3
187.8
=
118.474
F
Dari gambar 15.11 Kern didapatkan :
2
hs =
72 Btu/jam.ft .F dan hv > 300
2
Btu/jam.ft .F, sehingga diambil ho = 300
Bagian Tube (Steam)

Menghitung Nre pipa dengan
Nt . a'
32
at =
=
n . 144
2
Nret =
6'.
Btu/jam.ft .F. Harga ho dihitung :
Gt . di
. 2,42
=
28,142.323 lb/ft
0.584 /12 x 28,142.323
0.014
x
2.42
=
40,424.824
JH tidak perlu dicari karena yang digunakan adalah steam jenuh
C-203
ho =
Q
Q1
hs
7'.
hio =
1,500 Btu/jam.ft .F
Q2
hv
743,336.799
=
694,520.022
48,816.778
+
72
300
2
Btu/jam.ft .F
=
75.782
Sebetulnya ho berbeda dengan ho trial, tetapi ho
sudah terlalu besar sehingga ho perhitungan
dianggap benar.
+

ho x hio
75.8
UC =
=
ho + hio
75.8
x
+
1,500
1,500
72.1
55.5
72.1
55.5
72
Btu/jam.ft2.F

Rd =
UC - UD
UC x UD
0.0042
Btu/jam.ft2.F
Btu/jam.ft2.F >
Btu/jam.ft2.F
=
0.0042
0.0035
Evaluasi p
p dibagian shell diabaikan
Bagian Tube (Steam)

Nret = 40,424.824
=
0.00013
2
pl =
. Gt . L . n
5,22 . 1010 . di . s . t
0.00013
=
10
5.22 x 10
2
x
x
x
28,142.323
15
x
2
0.584 / 12 x 0.870
x
1
= 0.001 psi
v2
pn = 4 . n
x
x
s
2 . gc
144
steam =
54.35 lb/ft3
gc = 32.17
=
9.200
x
0.000 x
0.377
pn =
0.001
psi
ptotal = pl + pn = 0.001 +
0.001
=
0.003
psi
C-204
C.34 Pump to Vaporizer ( L-321))

Fungsi
Memompa liquid dari distilat rectifying column menuju

Vaporizer
Tipe alat
Centrifugal pump
Dasar pemilihan

solid besar
1
2.7
2.7
1.5
Titik Referens :
Titik 1 : Cooler Rectifying Column
Titik 2 : Vaporizer
Data-data
Rate larutan
:
=
2,068.35
=
=
=
803.89
0.0005
kg/m.s
0.03
lb/ft3
=
lb/ft.s
ft3/s
0.0007
m /s
Densitas Larutan
Viskositas Larutan
Rate Volumetrik
kg/h
=
=
=
50.19
0.47 cp
0.0003
4,559.93
1.27
lb/h
lb/s
kg/m3

Asumsi : Aliran turbulen
Nre< 2100
0.4
0.2
0.133
x
Qf
x
Di optimum
=
Dimana :
m3/s
Qf
=
0.0007
perry 10.73
=
0.0005
kg/m.s
Di optimum
=
0.0016
m
=
0.01
ft
=
8 in Sch 40
ID
8.6250
A
=
0.3474
in
ft2
0.22
0.72
ft
0.04
C-205
Kecepatan alir, v
0.03
0.35
0.07
=
Nre
ft/s
0.0221
m/s
xDxv
=
8,375.89
Karena Nre >2100 maka asumsi aliran laminair sudah benar
Ukuran pipa keluar pompa dipilih =8 in sch 40
A.
2
hc =
Kc x v
2 x x gc =
1 (karena turbulen)
dimana :
Kc
=
0,55 (1-A2/A1)
0.55

(A2>>> A1)
A1
A2
2
2.
Ff
lbm.ft/lbf.s
gc
=
32.174
hc
=
0.0000
ft lbf/lbm
=
4.921 ft
-5
/D
=
0.00021
NRe
=
8,375.89
f=
0.004
2
2
x 4.921
4fv L
=
=
4
x
0.004
x
0.03
2 gc D
2
x
32.17
=
0.00000
ft lbf/lbm
Ff
Fs
=
hc
+
=
0.000045
+
0.000001
=
0.000046 ft lbf/lbm
B.

2
4fv L
=
Ff
=
4
x
0.004
2.
2 gc D
=
0.0000
ft lbf/lbm
Kf
=
f=
x
32.17
elbow 90 standar
0.75
2
6
2
2
=
hf, elbow
= Kf x V
0.75 x
2 x gc
2 x
=
0.000007 ft lbf/lbm
0.03
19 ft
0.004
2
0.03
x
Jumlah
C-206
32.17
0.72
x
0.7
19
hf, valve
=
=
Kf x V2
2 x gc
0.00006
0.03
2 x
ft lbf/lbm
32.17
3.Sudden Expansion
Kex
Kex
1 - A1 / A2
1
Kex x v2
=
0.00
2
Fd
=
0.00001
+
0.0001
+
=
0.0028
ft lbf/lbm
hex
(Geankoplis hal 94)

+
=
0.0000
F
=
0.0028
+
0.0000
hex
+
0.003
Fd
+
0.0028
ft lbf/lbm
Persamaan Bernouli
( P2/2 - P1/1)+(z2 - z1)g/gc + (v22 - v12)/2..gc + F
Ws
=
Dimana:
P1
14.70
lb/ft2
P2
14.70
lb/ft
z2 - z1
8.86
v1
ft/s
v2
0.01
ft/s
P1 - P 2
Ws
=
=
SPESIFIKASI :
Nama alat
Fungsi
=
=
Tipe
Kapasitas
Power motor
Diameter pipa
=
=
=
=
8.86
8.86

Sehingga :
BHP =
m x Ws
=
p
=
=
ft
0
0
Efisiensi motor, m
Konsumsi Power
85%
BHP
m
80%
11.22
0.8
0.01
64.35
0.0028
lb.ft/lb
14.030
lbf.ft/s
0.026
Hp
0.03
Hp
Pump to Vaporizer
Memompa liquid dari distilat Rectifying Column menuju
Vaporizer
Centrifugal pump
2,068.35
kg/h
0.03
Hp
0.2
m
C-207
Panjang pipa
Head pompa
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
=
=
=
=
=
=
7.2
m
2.7
m
0.8
0.85
1
buah
C.35 Vaporizer (V-320)

Fungsi
Material
Jumlah
Tipe alat
:
:
:
Kondisi operasi
Menguapkan ethanol 96.27% untuk dimasukkan

ke unit Molecular sieve
High Alloy Steel SA 240 Grade M
1 buah
Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas dan bawah dishes head yang
dilengkapi dengan coil pemanas
:
14.7 psi
o
78.56 C
Massa masuk
(kg/day)
55.92
fraksi
massa
0.00113
C2H5OH (LK)
Propanol
Air (HK)
Butanol
Isoamyl Alkohol
Amyl Alkohol
CH3COOH
47,660.62
5.07
1,899.40
4.57
12.16
2.63
0.00
0.96012
0.00010
0.03826
0.00009
0.00024
0.00005
0.00000
C3H8O3
Maltosa
Glukosa
0.00
0.00
0.00
49,640.354
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
1
Kom-ponen
CH3CHO
Total
3
803.89
r campuran =
kg/m =
Spesifik volum campuran
=
campuran
=
0.466 cp
Laju volumetrik bahan masuk vaporiser
Vliquida
= mmasuk / rC
2,068.35 kg/h
=
803.894
=
a. Penentuan Ukuran Vaporizer
rc
3
(kg/m3)
(kg/m ) (cp)
783 0.15 0.881993702
796 0.47 764.2542461
804 0.60 0.082082298
1,003 0.36 38.37415848
810 1.00 0.074531524
751 1.30 0.183944001
816 1.20 0.043197139
1,049
0.4513
0.0001
0.0136
0.0001
0.0003
0.0001
1,230
1,540
1,544
803.894
50.186
lb/ft
0.020
mc
(cp)
0.0002
ft /lb
2.573 m3/h
kg/m3
C-208
0.466
Volume liquida
m3
2.57
ft
=
90.86
Volume tangki
=
100
80
x
3

Vtangki
Vtutup atas
Vtutup bawah
=
+
3.22
Vtutup atas
0.0847
D3
Vtutup bawah
0.0847
D3
Vshell
Ditetapkan Ls
=
113.57
D
113.57
ft
Vshell
D2 Ls
0.7854
=
3
=
=
gallon
2.57
679.25
D
D3
ft =
2.53
3.56
3.56 ft =
42.7 in

Volume liquida
=
3
D
R2
=
0.0847
+
x Hliquida
90.86
Hliquida
Tinggi silinder
3.81
=
=
8.77
2.67 m
=
=
=
=
=
3
3
10.67
128
x
x
ft
in
9.93
Hliquida
ft
105.229
in
D
3.56
=
3.25 m

P operasi
=
14.7 psi
Ptotal
Pdesign
Phidrostatis
=
=
=
=
=
=
. g / gc . Hlarutan
3.06 psi
+
3.06 psi
+
17.76
psi
Ptotal
1.05
18.64
psi
Poperasi
+
14.7
14.7 psi
14.7 psi
3.94
psig

1
dengan spesifikasi
type 304, grade 3 (SA-167) (App. D, Brownell, hal : 342)
fallowable
18,750
=
psi
Faktor korosi
(c)
=
0.125
in
Efisiensi las. (E)
=
0.80 ( Tabel 13.2, B & Y )
C-209
ts
Pd x Di
2 x (f x E - 0.6 x Pd)
3.94
x
18,750
x (
x
0.80
0.13
3
16
in
=
=
in
Tebal shell standar
Check :
OD
ID
42.67
-
2.09 =
16
0.19
+
1
0.125
3.94 )
in
=
=
=
ID
+
2.ts
42.67
`+(`
2
x
0.19
)
43.05
in
48
OD standar
=
in
4.00
=
ft
=
1.22 m
=
OD
2.ts
0.19
=
48
in
- ( 2
x
) in
47.63
3.97
=
in
=
ft
=
1.21 m

(Hs)
(B&Y,254)
=
=
=
=
=
3 x ID
3
x
11.91
3.63
142.87
3.97
ft
ft
m
in

rc
= ID
=
47.63
in
tha
tha
0.89
0.89
18,750
0.14
rc
x
Pd
x
( f x E - 0.1 x Pd )
x
x
in
3.94
-
2.18
16
=
=
=
=

sf
Crown radius, r
47.63
3.94
0.8
0.1 x
in
0.125
0.19
in
2.0
in
48
in
3.0 in
C-210
in
+
0.125 in
3
16
(Tabel 5.6, B & Y, hal 88 )
(Tabel 5.7, B & Y, hal 89 )
AB
ID
2
48
2
21
=
=
=
=
=
=
BC
48
45
=
=
icr
-
3.00
3.00
in
in
icr
in
48
8.20
( BC2 - AB2 )0,5

in
in
2,025
in
0.2
Tinggi tutup atas = Tutup bawah (OA) = t + b + sf

10.4
=
Tinggi total tangki
=
tinggi silinder
+
=
142.87
in
+
163.65
=
in
=
Rate Volumetrik
=
=
3.9 x
1.24

dimana :
OD
=
4.50 in
=
ID
=
4.03 in
=
Flow area
NRe
)0.5
4,559.93
0.03
0.13
ft /s )
x (
lb/h
ft3/s
0.03
(
in
441
in
=
0.264 m
2 x tinggi tutup
2
x
10.4
13.64 ft
=
=

Di optimum
=
3.9 x
Qf 0.45
0.45
lbm / ft3 )0.13
50.19
4.50 in
4.03 in
=
=
=
=
0.0884
0.38 ft
0.34 ft
ft2
D
dimana :
V
rate volumetrik
luas area
ft3/s
0.03
0.09
sehingga
NRe
50.19
ft
0.29
ft/s.
lb/ft3
=
2,403.64
0.34 ft
x
0.002
lb/ft.s
=
C-211
in
0.29
ft/s
*Perancangan coil pemanas

steam
T1
t1
umpan
o
76.58 C
170 F
148 C
298.4 F
t2
=
=
T2 =
=
148
298
Dari appendiks B :
Q
=
3,315,920.54
kkal/day
=
=
547,919.40
Btu/h
Massa steam =
794.77
kg/day
138,163.36
=
33.12
90
194
kkal/h
kg/h
Suhu caloric :
Tc
( 298.4
+
2
298.4 )
298.4
tc
( 169.8
+
2
194.0 )
181.9
Ditetapkan ukuran pipa :1 sch 80

ft2
A=
0.01417
2
a"=
0.3
ft /ft
a' =
0.72
in
ID
1.32
OD
0.96
Evaluasi Perpindahan Panas

Bagian Bejana (larutan)
Bagian coil (steam)
Menghitung hc
Menghitung NRe
Asumsi ho =
tw
200
Tc
hio
hio
tw
=
tw
tf
t/do
ho
btu/j.ft2.oF
x (Tc - tc)
+
at = a' =
Gt =
m
at
ho
0.72
=
in2 = 0.005 ft2

350,919.2 lb/J.ft2
Pada Tc = 298.4 oF didapat :

181.9
1500
x ( 298.4-181.9 )
1500 +
200
=
=
=
=
o
284.7
F
1/2 x (tw + tc)
0.5
x
284.7
233.3 oF
=
=
tw - tc
284.7
=
102.8
=
107.4
180
=
(asumsi diterima)
ms =
NRe =
181.9
181.9
0.02
cp
ID/12 x Gt
m x 2.42
21.95
Menghitung hi & hio

hio = hi
steam :
btu/j.ft2.oF
C-212
1500
btu/j.ft2.oF
Menghitung tahanan panas pipa bersih :

UC
= ho x hio
=
ho + hio
Btu/J.ft2.o F
=
160.7
180
180
x
+
1,500
1,500
Menghitung tahanan pipa kotor :

J.ft2.o F/Btu
Rd=
0.003
hd=
UD
1
Rd
Uc
UC
TLMTD
1 =
0.003
x hd
+ hd
160.7
160.7
(t1 - t2)
Btu/J.ft2.o F
333.3
x
+
333.3
104.4
ln (t1 / t2)
Menghitung panjang coil :

L =
A / a"
Menghitung jumlah lilitan coil :

nc
=
L =
p x dc
Ditetapkan
=
19
Jarak antar lilitan
=
Tinggi lilitan
=(
=
SPESIFIKASI :
Fungsi
:
Bentuk
Shell
Diameter
Tinggi
Tinggi tutup atas
Tebal tutup bawah
Tebal tutup atas
3.14
lilitan
1
19.3
x
1 +
23 in
10
0.5
10
in
) + (
128.6
104.4 )
128.6
=
303.76
x
in
=
116.1
8.71
( dc
2o
Btu/J.ft . F
333.3
ln (
Menghitung luas perpindahan panas:

A=
547,919.40
/ (
108.43
2
ft
A=
8.71
108.43
116.1
0.3
ft
25.3
ft
)
ft
19.3
1.92
)x
ft (< tinggi liquid, coil

dapat digunakan)
Menguapkan ethanol 96.27% untuk dimasukkan

ke unit Molecular sieve
=
=
=
=
=
3.56
13.64
10.39
0.19
0.19
ft
ft
in
in
in
C-213
=
=
=
=
=
1.08
4.16
0.26
0.00
0.00
m
m
m
m
m
dished head
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
=
=
Coil Pemanas
Banyak lilitan
Tinggi lilitan
=
=
19
1.92

1
buah
lilitan
ft =
0.59 m
C.36 Blower(G-331)
Fungsi
:
Menghembuskan uap etanol 96% ke dalamMolecular Sieve
Jumlah
:
1
unit
Tipe
:
Centrifugal
Suhu udara masuk blower
=
80 oC
=
176 oF
Tekanan uap etanol 96% masuk
=
14.7 psi
Asumsi Pressure drop 0.5 psi
Tekanan uap etanol 96% keluar
=
22.05 psi
=
49.15 lb/ft3
pada 176oF
49,640.35 kg/day
Rate massa etanol 96%
=
34.47
=
kg/min
76
=
lb/min
76
Rate volume uap etanol 96% (Q)
=
lb/min =
1.546 ft3/min
49.15
lb/ft3
Daya
1.57 x 10-4 Q . p
1.57 x 10-4
0.005 hp
1.546
22.05
hp
SPESIFIKASI :
Nama alat
Fungsi
:
:
Jumlah
Bahan
Tipe
Daya
:
:
:
:
Blower (G-331)
Menghembuskan uap etanol 96% ke dalam Molecular
Sieve untuk memurnikan etanol menjadi 99.5%
1
unit
Carbon Steel SA 283 Grade C
Centrifugal
1
hp
C.37 Unit Molecular Sieve(F-330)

Fungsi
Waktu operasi
Temperatur operasi
Rate umpan
r etanol
:
=
Menyerap air dalam etanol teknis sehingga

menghasilkan etanol absolute
8 jam
2,068.348
kg/jam
3
kg/m
=
787.182
3
m /jam
Volumetrik rate
=
2.628
Fraksi etanol
=
0.960
Superficial velocity
=
4
cm/s
=
2.5 m/jam
dp
=
2.6
mm
=
0.0026
m
C-214
0.000005
Menghitung jumlah molecular sievel yang dibutuhkan untuk menyerap

air dari etanol
Digunakan Molecular Sieve (Perry hal 16-9)
Tekanan Operasi =
1.5 atm
=
22.05 psi
o
o
Suhu Operasi
=
175 C
=
448.15
K
=
347 F
Waktu operasi :
8 jam
H2O yang masuk =
79.14
kg/jam
0.21 - 0.23 kg H2O/kg molecular sieve
Kapasitas penyerapan =
Ditetapkan kapasitas penyerapan =
Molecul sieve yang dibutuhkan =
=
Bulk density = 0,62 - 0,68 kg/liter
ditetapkan bulk density =
Volume bed
=
0.62 kg/liter =
2752.8
/
3
m
4.4
=
Volumetric rate, Q
Volumetric rate, Q
Volumetric rate, Q
=
A
1/4
m2
x
1/4
D2
D
Volume bed
4.4
1
4.22
=
=
=
=
=
m
m
3
620 kg/m
0.62
=
4,439.9
mass rate
ethanol 96%
2,068.35
787.18
3
2.63 m /jam
Q
v
2.63
2.5
1.051
1.051
D=
H=
0.23 kg H2O/kg molecular sieve

79.14
x
8
/
0.23
2,752.75
kg
D2
3.14
1.339
1.157 m
A
x
H
1.05101
x
4.224
m
=
3.70
=
13.52
D2
H
ft
ft
=
=
44.43
162.22
Cek rate fluidisasi minimum

Dp
=
0.0026
m
=
20 mesh
r
=
787.18
kg/m3 (densitas larutan)
rbulk =
680 kg/m3 (densitas materialnya)
e
=
0.3
m
=
0.024 cp
=
0.000024
Pa.s
g
=
9.807
3
Mencari r partikel, dengan asumsi volume bulk =
1 m
massa bulk
rbulk
volume bulk
C-215
in
in
liter
=
=
=
massa bulk
volume partikel
=
=
=
e
x volume bulk
=
0.3
x
1
=
0.3
m3
= volume bulk
- volume rongga
=
1
0.3
=
0.7
m3
volume rongga
rp
680
x
680 kg
massa partikel
680
/
971.4 kg/m3
Nre,mf
v'mf
0.7
1,297.415
1297 x
2E-05
0.003
787.2
=
0.015 m/s
2
A
= 1/4p x D
=
1/4 x
3.14 x
1.157
=
1.051
q,mf
= v'mf
x A
=
0.015 x
1.051
=
0.016
m3/s
rate minimum = q,mf
x rudara
=
0.016
x
787.18
=
12.587 kg/s
=
45,313.486 kg/jam
Rate minimum > rate operasi sehingga regenerasi Unit Molecular Sieve
dengan udara tidak terjadi fludisasi.
Dipakai dua buah adsorber, dimana apabila yang satu beroperasi
maka yang lainnya dalam tahap regenerasi
Menentukan tebal silinder
C-216
Dimana
Dari Brownell & Young App. D
ts
=
tebal silinder
,in
ri
=
inside radius, in
=
D
=
3.703
ft
=
44.43
in
f
=
allowable stress untuk bahan konstruksi SA 167 grade C 10
=
18750
E
=
joint efisiensi type single weldwed but joint =
0.85
C
=
corrosion allowance =
0.125
in
P
=
tekanan design
psig
H
= Tinggi Vessel =
13.52
ft
=
162.2177033
ts
P operasi
22.050
P design
=
=
14.7 +
36.75 psi
=
=
36.75
18750
x
0.2276
in
x
0.85
=
Diambil tebal standart =
in
psi
22.050
44.43
0.6
3.64
16
4
in
16
+
x
0.125
36.75

Dimana
Dari Brownell & Young App. D
ts
=
tebal silinder
,in
ri
=
inside radius, in
=
D
=
3.703
ft ft
=
44.43
f
=
allowable stress untuk bahan konstruksi SA 167 grade C 10
=
18,750.00
E
=
joint efisiensi type single weldwed but joint =
0.85
C
=
corrosion allowance
=
0.125 in
P
=
tekanan design
,
psig
thb =
0.2157
=
4
16
Diambil tebal standar =

Tinggi Tutup
ha
=
0.169 x D
3.45
16
in
in
7.51
in
Menghitung tinggi total tangki

Tinggi Total
=
=
Tinggi silinder +
162.2177
+
2 x tinggi tutup
2
x
C-217
7.51
in
=
177.24
=
14.77
=
4.490
SPESIFIKASI :
Diameter
Tinggi
Tebal silinder
Tebal tutup
inchi
ft
m
=
=
=
=
1.157
4.490
4/16
4/16
m
m
in
in
C.38. Condenser (E-332A)

Fungsi
Type
Dasar Pemilihan
:
:
Untuk mengembunkan uap ethanol dari 100 C ke 78 C

sebelum dimasukan kedalam tangki penampung
Umum digunakan dan range perpindahannya besar
T1
Ethanol
O
=
190.4 F
t2
Air
t1
86
Neraca Energi
Rate umpan
=
=
=
Pendingin
=
=
=
Jumlah pendingin
122.0 F
49,640.35
kg/day
2,068.35
kg/h
4,559.88
lb/h
1,598,611.91
kkal/day
66,608.83
kkal/h
264,303.84
Btu/h
= W air =
97,305.86
=
4,054.41
=
8,938.35
kg/day
kg/h
lb/h
LMTD
th
86
tc
36
LMTD
104
F
T2
36
ln
86
57.6
36
86
Suhu Caloric
Tc dan tc
rata-rata :
Tc
190
122 ) /
156.2
tc
86
104 ) /
95
Dipilih pipa ukuran
3/4 in OD, 16 BWG,

1
in square pitch
12
C-218
ft,
a.
Trial UD
Dari Kern , Tabel 8 Light Organic Water , range U D = 75-150
UD
Btu/h.ft2. oF
75
Dicoba, UD
Btu / h ft2 oF
75
Q / UD . LMTD
264,303.8
/
75
2
ft
61.21
=
A
(Kern, Tabel 8)
=
=
=
( range Ud 75-150)
x
57.6
b.
a"t
0.1963
at
Nt
=
=
0.302
A / L a"t
ft
in2
=
61.21
=
25.99
Dari Kern, tabel 9:
Nt
=
ID shell
=
Tube passes
=
n'
=
26
8
2
1
Check
A
=
=
Nt
C'
74.96
L
x
B
as
ID . C ' . B / n' 144 PT
2) Gs
=
=
=
=
a"t
x
0.196
ft2
/
61.25
2o
x
x
0.25
144
M / as
4,559.88
0.06
82,077.84
=
=
=
156.20
0.01
0.02
De
=
=
0.95 /
0.08
De . Gs /
0.75
x
x
4
1
ft2
0.0556
3) Tc
Res
x
12
in
PT - OD
1.00
4 in
8
1
0.1963
Btu / j ft F
Shell
(ethanol)
=
=
=
in
buah
61.25
264,303.84
1) IDs
12
26
=
=
UD
ft2
0.0021
lb / ft2 h
o
F
cp
lb / ft h
12
(Fig. 28 Kern)
ft
C-219
0.25
57.57
=
=
=
Fs
Trial ho
0.08
268,505.34
(/w)
=
=
tc
95
tf
ho
ho+hio
190
o
F
115.69
= (
Tc+tw )
2
82,077.84
(Kern;240)
Btu/J.ft2.oF
190
tw =
x
0.02
= (
(Tc-tc)
190
+
372
x (
156.2
+
2
135.95
156.2
115.69
o
95
sehingga :
kf
sf
f
=
=
=
G'' =
0.0870
0.81
0.01
M =
l.Nt2/3
Btu/h.ft2 (O F/ft)
(Kern,tabel 4)
(Kern,tabel 6)
cp
(Kern,figure 7)
4,559.88
12
26
0.67
97.25 lb/J.ft
Berdasarkan fig 12.9 ,didapatkan nilai ho = 200
Btu/J.ft2.oF
(memenuhi)
Tube
(air)
1)
at
=
=
=
2) Gt
=
=
=
Nt . at' / 144 . N
26
x
144
x
2
ft
0.03
0.30
2
M / at
8,938.35
0.03
327,845.89
lb / ft2 h
Gt
3,600
=
x
air
=
3) tc
95
ID
=
=
0.620
0.05
0.76
in
ft
(tab 10 kern)
C-220
327,845.89
3,600
x
1.46
ft/s
62.5
=
Ret
=
=
1.84
lb / ft h
ID . Gt / m
0.05
x
1.84
327,845.89
9,209.82
4) untuk air
faktor koreksi =
hi
=
hi
=
5) hio
1
Btu/J.ft2
450
1.00
hi
=
=
450
(Kern, Fig.25)
450
ID
OD
0.620
0.75
450
372
Btu/J.ft2
Mencari tahanan panas bersih :

Uc
=
ho x hio
ho+hio
=
190
190
x
+
372 =
372
125.77
Btu/J.ft
2o
Mencari tahanan panas pipa terpakai :

Rd
Uc-Ud =
UcxUd
125.8
125.8
74.96
x
74.96
2o
0.005 J.ft F/Btu
>
0.002 ketetapan
(memenuhi)
PRESSURE DROP
Shell
Res
=
f
268,505.34
(Kern, Fig. 29)
0.0011
Menghitung Ps hanya karena panjang shell :

s=
144 x
1,545 x (
155
460 +
x
190.4 )
46
x
62.50
0.016
Pl
5,22 .1010 De sg Fs
2
=
0.0011
x
10
5.22 .10
2
=
0.293
f Gs2 IDs (N + 1)
6,736,772,450
x
0.08
0.67
0.02
Psi
.
Tube
C-221
Ret
9,209.82
f
=
0.00028
sg
=
1
2
Pl
= f Gt L.n
0.00028
5.22 .1010
(Kern, Fig.26)
5,22 .1010 Di sg Fs
x
107,482,930,293.3
x
0.052
x
x
144
12
=
0.27
psi
Pn
n x
sg x
v2
2gc

(V2/2gc)(62.5/144)
PT
=
=
=
=
0.27
0.36
0.0120
0.10
+
psi
psi
0.10

SPESIFIKASI :
o
o
Fungsi
0.00
Type
Bahan
= Carbon steel
Jumlah =
1 buah
Tube : OD
=
5/8 in
=
1.57 cm
Panjang
=
12 ft
=
3.66 m
Pitch
=
1
in square pitch
Jumlah Tube (Nt)
=
26 buah
Passes
=
2
Shell : ID
=
8 in
m2
=
1.47
125.77
Btu / h ft2oF
74.96
Btu / h ft F
2o
C.39 Cooler (E-222B)

o
Fungsi
: Mendinginkan larutan medium dari suhu 121 C menjadi 32 C
Type
: 1-2 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Dasar Pemilihan
: Umum digunakan dan mempunyai range perpindahan yang besar
Ethanol
O
T1
=
122.0 F
t2
Air
t1
86
C-222
104
T2
1
Neraca Energi
Rate umpan
=
=
=
Pendingin
=
=
=
Jumlah pendingin
95.0
49,640.35
2,068.35
4,559.88
625,553.32
26,064.72
103,424.81
= W air =
=
=
kg/day
kg/h
lb/h
kkal/day
kkal/h
Btu/h
37,533.20
1,563.88
3,447.74
kg/day
kg/h
lb/h
LMTD
th
18
tc
LMTD
9
ln
18
108.5
95
13.0
9
18
Suhu Caloric
Tc dan tc
rata-rata :
Tc
tc
122
86
R = (T1 - T2) / (t2 - t1)
95
)/
104 ) /
0.26
S = (t2 - t1) / (T1 - t1)

=
0.85
= 0.78
=
=

t true =
FT
x LMTD
=
0.78
Dipilih pipa ukuran

a.
13.0
10.1
3/4 in OD, 16 BWG,

1 4/16 in square pitch
12
ft,
Trial UD
Dari Kern , Tabel 8 Light Organic Water , range U D = 75-150
UD
Btu/h.ft2. oF
75
Dicoba, UD
=
A
=
=
=
(Kern, Tabel 8)
2o
Btu / h ft F
75
Q / UD . LMTD
103,424.8
/
75
2
ft
136.16

a"t
0.1963
ft2
in2
=
0.302
=
= A / L a"t
=
136.16
/
12
=
57.80
Dari Kern, tabel 9:
Nt
=
76
ID shell
=
15.25
at
Nt
0.0021
x
in
C-223
ft2
0.1963
( range Ud 75-150)
x
10.1
Tube passes
n
b.
=
=
Check
A
=
=
Nt
buah
L
x
76
=
=
UD
2
1
x
12
ft
179.03
103,424.81
a"t
x
0.196
179.03
12.98
2o
Btu / j ft F
44.49
Shell
(umpan)
1) IDs
C'
B
as
2) Gs
=
=
=
=
15
PT - OD
1.25
8 in
in
=
=
ID . C ' . B / n' 144 PT

15
x
0.50
1
x
144
=
=
=
0.34
0.75
x
x
8
1
ft2
M / as
4,559.88
0.34
672,769.21 lb / ft2 h
F
cp
lb / ft h
3) Tc
=
=
=
108.50
0.52
1.26
De
=
=
0.99 /
0.0825
=
=
De . Gs /
Fs
=
=
44,106.37
(/w)
=
4) JH
280
(Kern, Fig.28)
Cp
K
=
=
0.86
0.09
BTU / lb oF
(Tabel 4)
Res
0.50
12
(Fig. 28 Kern)
ft
0.0825
x
1.26
672,769.21
(Kern;240)
1/3
K[ Cp /K]
=
=
5) ho
6) Uc
=
=
=
=
=(
0.09
x(
x
0.09
1/3
1.26 )
0.20
1/3
JH . (K/De) [Cp / K]
280
x ( 0.09 ) x (
0.20
)
0.08
Btu/J.ft2
59.52
294
x
59.5
) /(
294
C-224
59.5
7) Rd
=
=
=(
=
2o
Btu / j ft F
49.50
(Uc - Ud) / (Uc . Ud)
49.5
44.5 ) / (
0.0023
>
49.5
x
0.002
44.5 )
(memenuhi)
(Kern,tabel 12)
Tube
(air)
1)
at
=
=
=
2) Gt
=
=
Nt . at' / 144 . N
76
x
144
x
2
ft
0.08
M / at
3,447.74
0.08
43,261.95
95
ID
=
=
0.620
0.05
in
ft
=
=
0.95
2.30
lb / ft h
3) tc
Ret
=
=
0.302
2
ID . Gt / m
0.05
lb / ft2 h
F
(tab 10 kern)
x
2.30
43,261.95
972.25
4) untuk air
faktor koreksi =
hi
=
hi
=
5) hio
0.98
Btu/J.ft2
300
0.98
hi
294
(Kern, Fig.25)
300
ID
OD
0.620
0.75
PRESSURE DROP
Shell
Res
f
sg
=
=
=
=
44,106.37
0.0021
bahan
reff
0.79
(Kern, Fig. 29)
C-225
294
243.04
Btu/J.ft2
N+1
Ps
=
=
=
12 L / B
12
x
12
8.0
18
f Gs2 IDs (N + 1)
10
5,22 .10 De sg Fs
0.002
x
452,618,412,385
10
5.22 .10
6
Psi
0.08
1.27
18
0.79
1.04
.
Tube
Ret
972.25
f
=
0.0005
sg
=
1
2
Pt
= f Gt L.n
0.00050
(Kern, Fig.26)
5,22 .1010 Di sg Fs
x
1,871,596,351.6
10
5.22 .10
x
0.052
=
0.01
psi
Pn
n x
sg x
v2
2gc

(V2/2gc)(62.5/144)
PT
=
=
x
x
144
=
=
0.01
0.02
0.001
0.01
12
1.04
psi
+
psi
0.01

SPESIFIKASI :
o
o
Fungsi
Type
Bahan
= Carbon steel
Jumlah =
1 buah
Tube : OD
=
0.62 in
=
1.57 cm
Panjang
=
12 ft
=
3.66 m
Pitch
=
1 1/4 in square pitch
Jumlah Tube (Nt)
=
76 buah
Passes
=
2
Shell : ID
=
15 in
2
m
=
1.62
2o
49.50
Btu / h ft F
44.49
Btu / h ft F
C-226
2o
C.40 Ethanol 99.5 % Tank (F-333)

Fungsi
Bentuk
Tipe alat
:
:
:
Pengelasan
Tekanan operasi =
Suhu
Rate massa
larutan
Menampung larutan ethanol 99.5%

Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas dan tutup bawah standard
dished head
Single-welded butt joint with backing strip, thermally stress
relieved, non-radiographed
14.7 psi
o
o
=
30 C
=
86 F
=
49,640.35 kg / day
=
2,068.3
kg/h
3
3
=
kg/m
=
783
48.9 lbm/ft
2.64
Waktu tinggal ()
m3/h
93
ft3/h
(Gumbira Said)
Volume liquida
V
3
2.64 m
*vo =
=
Volume tangki
ft3
93.25
100
80
3.30

Vtangki
= Vtutup atas
=
0.0847
Vtutup bawah
0.0847
D3
Vshell
Ditetapkan Ls
=
=
0.7854
3 D
=
=
2.53
3.59
m3
=
116.56
Vtutup bawah
ft
Vshell
43
Vtutup atas
116.56
D Ls
D
ft =
ft

Volume liquida
=
3
D
Hliquida
=
0.0847
+
A *
Hliquida
93.25
=
3.91
+
10.10
Hliquida
8.85
ft
C-227
2.70
in
Tinggi silinder
=
=
=
3
3
x
x
11

P operasi
=
14.7 psi
Ptotal
P
=
+
hidrostatis
Ptotal
=
=
=
=
Pdesign
3.0
17.70
1.05
18.59
psi
psi
Ptotal
psi
ft
D
4
=
129
in
Poperasi
+
+
14.7 psi
14.7 psi
3.89
psig

fallowable
18,750
=
psi
Faktor korosi
(c)
=
0.1250
in
( Tabel 13.2 )
Efisiensi las. (E)
=
0.8
Pd x Di
ts
=
+
c
2 x (f x E - 0.6 x Pd)
=
2
=
x (
0.13
3.89
18,750
in
=
x
2.09
16
Check :
OD
=
=
=
Harga OD standar
43.04
0.6 x
ID
+
43.04
43.42
0.8
=
=
3 in
16
0.19 in
2.ts
+
0.125
0.19
in
48
4
=
=

ID
=
OD
=
48 in
47.63
=
3.97
=
Hs
+
3.89 )
2.ts
- (
2 x
in
ft
= 3 ID
=
3
x
11.91
=
142.88
=
in
ft
0.19 ) in
3.97
ft
in
ft

Volume liquida
=
=
Vol. tutup bawah
+
A * Hliquida
=
93.25
Hliquida
0.0847
D3
10.10
Hliquida
10.10
Hliquida
5.29
8.71
ft
C-228
=
2
rc
tha
tha
2.65

=
ID
=
43.04
in
=
0.885
x
Pd
x
rc
( f x E - 0.1 x Pd )
3.89
=
0.89
x
x
18,750
x
0.8
0.1
0.13
=
in
=
2.16
=
16
= 0.19 in
sf
Crown radius, r
AB
BC
=
=
=
ID
=
=
=
=
=
=
48
8.20

Tinggi total tangki

48
3 in
6%
x
6%
x
2.88 in
ID
2
in
43.04
+
x
3.89
3
in
16
0.125 in
(Tabel 5.7, B & Y, hal 88 )
in
(Tabel 5.8, B& Y, hal 91 )
(Tabel 5.7, B & Y, hal 91)
ID
48
in
icr
icr
=
=
=
ID
2
21
ID
3
in
45
in
441
)0.5
2 0,5
( BC - AB )
in- (
in
=
=
=
=
=
0.125
(Tabel 5.8, B& Y, hal 93 )
in
2,025
t + b + sf
10.39
tinggi silinder
142.9 in
163.65
C-229
in
+
+
in
2 x tinggi tutup
2
x
10.39
=
13.64
ft
=
4.16
m
189.60
lb/h
in
Rate Volumetrik
Di optimum
=
3.9 x
Qf 0.45 x
=
=
3.9 x (
1.25

dimana :
OD
=
1.32 in
ID
=
1.049 in
Flow area
dimana :
0.13
0.45
0.03 ft /s )
x
x
1/12
1/12
2
ft
x
3
48.90 lb/ft
3,075.58

SPESIFIKASI :
Fungsi
:
Bentuk
:
Tipe alat
:
Pengelasan
Diameter
Tinggi
Tinggi tutup atas
Tebal tutup bawah
Tebal tutup atas
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
ft/in
ft/in
=
=
D
x
rate volumetrik
luas area
3
0.03 ft /s
0.01
=
3 0.13
48.90 lb / ft )
=
sehingga
NRe
x(
in
0.0060
NRe
ft3/s
0.03
ft
0.110 ft
0.087 ft
V
4.32
0.09 ft
x
4.32
0.006
lb/ft.s
in
Menampung larutan ethanol 99.5%

Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas dan tutup bawah standard
dished head
Single-welded butt joint with backing strip, thermally stress
relieved, non-radiographed
=
4 ft
=
1.09 m
=
13.64 ft
=
4.16 m
=
10.39 in
=
0.26 m
=
0.19 in
=
0.005 m
=
0.19 in
=
0.005 m
=
=
1
buah
C-230
ft/s.
C-231
C-232
3.28 ft
2.20 lb
0.34
1in
1ft
2.54 cm
0.3048 m
C-233
hp/10ft
C-234
C-235
C-236
0.3048 m
C-237
C-238
C-239
C-240
C-241
C-242
C-243
C-244
C-245
C-246
C-247
C-248
C-249
C-250
C-251
C-252
C-253
C-254
C-255
C-256
C-257
C-258
C-259
C-260
C-261
C-262
C-263
C-264
C-265
C-266
C-267
C-268
C-269
C-270
C-271
C-272
C-273
C-274
C-275
C-276
C-277
C-278
C-279
C-280
C-281
C-282
C-283
C-284
C-285
C-286
C-287
C-288
C-289
C-290
C-291
C-292
C-293
C-294
C-295
C-296
C-297
C-298
C-299
C-300
C-301
C-302
C-303
C-304
C-305
C-306
C-307
C-308
C-309
C-310
C-311
C-312
C-313
C-314
C-315
12010.14621
C-316
C-317
C-318
C-319
C-320
C-321
C-322
12010.14621
C-323
C-324
C-325
C-326
C-327
C-328
C-329
C-330
C-331
C-332
C-333
C-334
C-335
C-336
C-337
C-338
C-339
C-340
C-341
C-342
C-343
C-344
C-345
C-346
C-347
C-348
C-349
C-350
C-351
C-352
C-353
C-354
C-355
C-356
m
m
m
m
m
C-357
APPENDIKS D
PERHITUNGAN ANALISA EKONOMI
D.1. HARGA PERALATAN

Harga peralatan pada perhitungan diperoleh dari data harga alat untuk tahun 2007 yang diperoleh dari
matche.com/equipcost, dimana harga alat dalam US$ F.O.B Gulf Coast USA. Harga peralatan dalam 1 tahun
dapat diperkirakan dari harga peralatan pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya dengan menggunakan Marshall &
Swift Index.
Perkiraan harga peralatan berdasarkan indeks dari Marshall & Swift Cost menggunakan rumus :
Harga alat sekarang
Index harga tahun sekarang

Index harga tahun n
x harga tahun n
Tabel D.1.1 Marshall and Swift Equipment Cost Index

Tahun Annual index
2000
1027.5
2001
1093.9
2002
1104.2
2003
1123.6
2004
1176.5
2005
1244.5
2006
1302.3
2007
1373.3
2008
1449.3
2009
1468.6
2010
1457.4
2011
1536.5
Sumber : www.che.com
Dengan metode Least Square (Timmerhaus,760) , didapatkan penaksiran indeks
pada tahun 2013 dari grafik dibawah ini :
Index
Marshall & Swift Index

1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
1998
y = 47.895x - 94774
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Tahun
Gambar D.1. Marshall and Swift Index

Dari Gambar D.1 dapat diperkirakan harga indeks pada tahun 2013 berdasarkan
persamaan :
y
= 47.895 x - 94774
dimana :
y = annual indeks pada tahun ke-n
x = tahun
Indeks harga pada tahun
2015 = 1734.4
2007 = 1373.3
(www.migas-indonesia.com)
Contoh perhitungan harga peralatan proses
Kurs dollar pada 28 Desember 2012: US$1 =
Rp 9718
Tangki Saccharifikasi
D-358
Fungsi
: mengubah starch menjadi glukosa

3
:
1,063.28 ft
: stainless stell SA - 240 grade M-316
: 1 buah
: $
109,000
= 1734.4 / 1373.3 x
109,000 x
1
= $ 137,662.8
= Rp 1,337,807,103
Tabel D.1.2 Harga peralatan Proses
Nama Peralatan
No Kode
Harga per Jumlah Total Harga
unit ($)
(dalam rupiah )
1
1 R-110
Liquification Tank
191,400
2,349,140,179
1
2 F-111
Cassava Storage
6,250
76,709,123
3 J-112A Belt Conveyor to Peeler
15,950
1
195,761,682
1
4 C-112B Peeler
18,840
231,231,980
1
5 F-112C Washing Tank
25,600
314,200,567
6 J-113
Belt Conveyor
15,950
1
195,761,682
1
7 C-114A Rotary Belt Weighing
10,500
128,871,326
1
8 C-114B Rotary Knife Cutter
23,000
282,289,572
1
9 C-114C Hammer mill
82,900
1,017,469,806
1
10 C-114D Screen Filter
23,500
288,426,302
1
11 F-115
Mixing Tank
99,100
1,216,299,852
1
12 L-116
Pump to Liquification Tank
10,500
128,871,326
1
13 R-120
109,000
1,337,807,103
1
14 L-121
Pump to Saccharification Tank
10,500
128,871,326
1
15 E-122
Cooler to Saccharification Tank
101,800
1,249,438,193
1
16 R-210
Seed Tank
13,700
168,146,397
1
17 G-211
Blower
1,250
15,341,825
4
18 R-220
Fermentor Tank
91,800
4,506,814,387
2
19 L-221
Pump to Seeding Tank
10,500
257,742,653
1
20 E-222A Sterilization
72,800
893,507,863
1
21 E-222B Cooler
101,800
1,249,438,193
22 L-223A Pompa to Fermentor Tank
10,500
3
386,613,979
23 L-223B Pump to Rotary Drum Filter
10,500
1
128,871,326
24 H-224
Rotary Drum Filter
24,200
1
297,017,724
25 F-225
Filtration Tank
99,100
1
1,216,299,852
26 F-230
Broth Tank
47,600
1
584,216,680
27 L-231A Pump to Broth Tank
10,500
1
128,871,326
28 L-231B Pump to Preheater
3,650
1
44,798,128
1
29 D-310A Stripper Column
108,900
1,336,579,757
1
30 D-310B Rectifying Column
121,800
1,494,907,386
31 E-311
Preheater to Stripper Column
76,800
1
942,601,702
1
32 E-312
Condenser Rectifying Column
3,900
47,866,493
1
33 L-313
Pump to Rectifying column
3,650
44,798,128
1
34 E-314A Reboiler Stripper Column
54,000
662,766,822
1
35 E-314B Reboiler Rectifying Column
36,800
451,663,315
36 V-320
Vaporizer
7,600
1
93,278,293
Pump to Vaporizer
37 L-321
2,100
1
25,774,265
38 F-330
27,900
2
684,859,049
39 E-332A Condensor Molecular Sieve
42,700
1
524,076,727
40 E-332B Cooler
26,700
1
327,701,373
Ethanol 99,5% Tank
41 F-333
3,000
1
36,820,379
42 G-341
Blower Molecular Sieve
1,100
1
13,500,806
43 E-342
Heater Molecular Sieve
8,600
1
105,551,753
Total
25,811,576,602
Total harga peralatan utilitas untuk pabrik ini adalah 45 % dari harga peralatan
proses ( Robin Smith hal 21). Sehingga total harga peralatan utilitas
=
11,615,209,471
Total harga peralatan :
= Rp
25,811,576,602
+
11,615,209,471
= Rp
37,426,786,072
Kapasitas
Material
Jumlah
Harga pada tahun 2007
Harga pada tahun 2013
D-359
16.4
D.2. PERHITUNGAN HARGA BAHAN BAKU DAN PRODUK

1.8261
Tabel D.2.1 Biaya bahan baku
11869.7
kebutuhan
kebutuhan
harga
total harga
No
Bahan Baku
perjam (kg)
pertahun (kg)
per kg
pertahun
1 singkong gajah
12,617.37
99,929,548
1000
99,929,548,470
2
antifoam
735.87
242,835.61
20000
4,856,712,209
3
asam sulfat
0.66
217.64
3000
652,934
4
amilase
299.61
98,871.28
50000
4,943,564,198
5
glukoamilase
8.99
2,966.09
45000
133,473,831
6
nutrien
736.23
242,955.26
2200
534,501,576
Total
109,730,477,811
Biaya penyediaan bahan baku = Rp
109,730,477,811
Tabel D.2.2 Harga penjualan produk per tahun
Kapasitas
Kapasitas
Harga
Total harga
Produk
kL / tahun
ton / tahun
Rp / L
(Rp)
etanol prima
20000
15786
13000
260,000,000,000
Total
260,000,000,000
Total penjualan produk = Rp
260,000,000,000.00
per tahun
D.3. GAJI KARYAWAN
Biaya untuk keperluan gaji karyawan selama satu bulan, dapat diperkirakan dan
direncanakan seperti pada tabel berikut ini :
Tabel. D.3.1 Daftar gaji karyawan pabrik
Gaji / bulan Jumlah
Jumlah
No
Jabatan
( Rp )
(Rp)
1
Top Management
a. Presiden Direktur
50,000,000
1
50,000,000
Middle
2 Management
a. Dewan direksi
20,000,000
3
60,000,000
b. Manager
15,000,000
4
60,000,000
c. Kepala bagian
10,000,000
10
100,000,000
3 Lower Management
a. Supervisor
7,000,000
5
35,000,000
b. Foreman
5,000,000
5
25,000,000
4 Supported Management
a. Sekretaris golongan 1
4,000,000
2
8,000,000
b. Sekretaris golongan 2
3,000,000
3
9,000,000
c. Karyawan golongan 1
4,000,000
5
20,000,000
d. Karyawan golongan 2
3,000,000
5
15,000,000
5 Karyawan proses
2,000,000
165
330,000,000
6 Karyawan lain-lain
a. Bagian Kebersihan
b. Bagian Transportasi
c. Bagian Keamanan
d. Bagian Kesehatan
Total
800,000
1,500,000
1,200,000
2,500,000
Biaya untuk gaji karyawan selama sebulan =

Biaya untuk gaji karyawan selama setahun =
10
10
10
5
243
Rp
Rp
8,000,000
15,000,000
12,000,000
12,500,000
759,500,000
759,500,000
9,114,000,000
D.4 ANALISA EKONOMI

Analisa ekonomi dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui apakah pabrik yang direncanakan
layak untuk didirikan atau tidak. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan evaluasi atau penilaian investasi,
dengan mempertimbangkan hal-hal berikut ini :
1. Laju pengembalian modal ( Internal Rate of Return , IRR )
2. Waktu pengembalian modal minimum ( Minimum Pay Out Period , MPP )
3. Titik impas ( Break Event Point , BEP )
Sebelum dilakukan analisa terhadap ketiga faktor diatas perlu dilakukan
peninjauan terhadap beberapa hal sebagai berikut :
1. Penaksiran modal (Total Capital Investment , TCI) yang meliputi :
a. Modal tetap (Fixed Capital Investment , FCI)
D-360
b. Modal kerja (Working Capital Investment , WCI)

2. Penentuan biaya produksi (Total Production Cost , TPC) yang terdiri :
a. Biaya pembuatan (Manufacturing Cost )
b. Biaya Plant Overhead (Plant overhead cost )
c. Biaya pengeluaran umum (General Expenses )
3. Biaya Total
Untuk mengetahui besarnya titik impas (BEP ) perlu dilakukan penaksiran terhadap
a. Biaya tetap
b. Biaya semi variabel
c. Biaya variabel
D.4.1 Penentuan Investasi Total ( Total Capital Investment, TCI)

D.4.1.1 Modal Tetap
A. Biaya Langsung ( Direct Cost, DC ).
1 Harga peralatan
25%
2 Instalasi, isolasi & pengecatan
15%
3 Instrumentasi dan kontrol
24%
4 Perpipaan (terpasang)
10%
5 Listrik (terpasang)
Freight on Board (FOB)
10%
6 Biaya angkutan kapal laut
Cost and Freight (C&F)
5%
7 Biaya asuransi
Cost of Insurance & Freight (CIF)
10%
8 Biaya angkutan ke lokasi pabrik
25%
9 Bangunan dan perlengkapan
10%
10 Yard improvement
30%
11 Service facilities
5%
12 Tanah
Total Biaya Langsung ( DC )
169%
B. Biaya tidak Langsung ( Indirect Cost, IC )
23%
1 Teknik dan Supervisi
25%
2 Biaya konstruksi
Total Direct & Indirect Cost
15%
3 Biaya kontraktor
30%
4 Biaya tak terduga
Fixed Capital Investment (FCI)
E
E
E
E
E
FOB
C&F
CIF
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
37,426,786,072
9,356,696,518
5,614,017,911
8,982,428,657
3,742,678,607
65,122,607,766
6,512,260,777
71,634,868,543
3,581,743,427
75,216,611,970
7,521,661,197
9,356,696,518
3,742,678,607
11,228,035,822
1,871,339,304
108,937,023,418
8,608,160,797
9,356,696,518
126,901,880,732
5,614,017,911
11,228,035,822
143,743,934,465
D.4.1.2 Modal Kerja (Working Capital Investment, WCI)

WCI
TCI
TCI
85% TCI
TCI
WCI
= 15% TCI
= FCI + WCI
143,743,934,465
=
143,743,934,465
=
169,110,511,135
=
25,366,576,670
=
15%
Jadi :
Modal tetap ( FCI )
Modal kerja ( WCI )
Total investasi ( TCI )
Modal investasi terbagi atas :
1. Modal sendiri (equity)
2. Modal Pinjaman Bank (loan)
40%
60%
TCI
TCI
TCI
Rp
Rp
Rp
143,743,934,465
25,366,576,670
169,110,511,135
Rp.
Rp.
67,644,204,454
101,466,306,681
D.4.2 Penentuan Biaya Produksi( Total Production Cost , TPC )

A. Biaya produksi langsung (Direct Production Cost, DPC)
1 Bahan baku (1 tahun)
Rp
D-361
109,730,477,811
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Tenaga kerja
Biaya supervisi
Utilitas
Maintenance dan perbaikan
Operating supplies
Laboratorium
Patent dan royalti
Total biaya produksi langsung (DPC)
6%
6%
3%
0.5%
8%
2%
A.2
A.2
TPC
FCI
FCI
A.2
TPC
B. Biaya tetap (Fixed Charges, FC)

FCI
1 Depresiasi (peralatan,bangunan)10%
2%
FCI
2 Pajak
1%
FCI
3 Asuransi
8.0% kredit bank
4 Bunga bank
Total biaya tetap ( FC )
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
9,114,000,000
546,840,000
12,113,935,098
4,312,318,034
718,719,672
729,120,000
4,037,978,366
141,303,388,982
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
14,374,393,447
2,874,878,689
1,437,439,345
11,623,980,093
30,310,691,574
C. Biaya plant overhead (Plant Overhead Cost)

6% TPC
Plant Overhead Cost ( POC ) =
Rp
Total biaya pembuatan ( MC ) = DPC + FC +
183,728,015,654
=
D. Biaya pengeluaran umum (General Expenses)
1%
TPC
1 Biaya administrasi
6%
TPC
2 Biaya distribusi dan penjualan
2%
TPC
3 Biaya R & D
Biaya pengeluaran umum (GE)
9%
TPC
Dimana :
DPC
8%
= Rp 125,151,475,518 +
FC
30,310,691,574
= Rp
POC
6%
=
MC
= Rp 155,462,167,092 + 14%
GE
9%
=
TPC
= Rp 155,462,167,092 + 23%
TPC
= Rp 201,898,918,301
Sehingga :
TPC
= Rp 201,898,918,301
18,170,902,647
GE
= Rp
MC
= Rp 183,728,015,654
12,113,935,098
POC
2,018,989,183
12,113,935,098
4,037,978,366
18,170,902,647
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
TPC
TPC
TPC
TPC
TPC
+
+
D.4.3 Analisa Ekonomi

Analisa ekonomi dilakukan dengan metode discounted cash flow yaitu cash flow
yang nilainya diproyeksikan pada masa sekarang.
Adapun anggapan yang dipakai sebagai berikut :
1 Modal
Modal sendiri
= 40%
Modal pinjaman
= 60%
9%
2 Laju inflasi
=
per tahun
3 Bunga Bank
= 8.0%
4 Masa konstruksi 2 tahun
5 Pembayaran modal pinjaman selama konstruksi dilakukan secara diskrit dengan cara
sebagai berikut :
- Pada awal masa konstruksi ( awal tahun ke ( -2 ) ) dilakukan pembayaran sebesar 40% dari modal pinjaman untuk keperluan pembelian tanah
dan uang muka
- Pada akhir tahun kedua masa konstruksi ( tahun ( - 1) ) dibayarkan sisa modal
pinjaman
6 Pengembalian pinjaman dalam waktu 10 tahun, sebesar = 10% pertahun
7 Umur pabrik diperkirakan sebesar 10 tahun dengan depresiasi sebesar = 10%
pertahun
8 Kapasitas produksi
60%
Tahun I
=
80%
Tahun II
=
100%
Tahun III
=
9. Pajak pendapatan
D-362
Rp50,000,000
Sampai dengan
Rp 50,000,000 - Rp 250,000,000
Rp 250,000,000 - Rp 500,000,000
Rp 500,000,000
Lebih dari
Pajak pendapatan ( pasal 17 ayat (1) huruf a UU PPh , 2012 )
Perhitungan biaya total produksi
depresiasi
Biaya produksi tanpa depresiasi = TPC
187,524,524,854
= Rp
Tabel D.4.1 Biaya operasi untuk kapasitas 60%, 80% dan 100%
Kapasitas
Biaya operasi ( Rp )
No.
60%
121,139,350,980
1.
80%
161,519,134,641
2.
100%
201,898,918,301
3.
=
=
=
=
5%
15%
25%
30%
Investasi
Investasi total pabrik tergantung pada masa konstruksi. Investasi yang berasal dari modal sendiri akan habis
pada tahun pertama konstruksi. Nilai modal sendiri tidak akan terpengaruh oleh inflasi dan bunga bank.
Sehingga modal sendiri pada akhir masa konstruksi adalah tetap.
Untuk modal pinjaman dari bank total pinjaman pada akhir masa konstruksi adalah sebagai berikut :
Tabel D.4.2 Modal pinjaman selama masa konstruksi
Masa
Modal pinjaman
%
Konstruksi
Jumlah ( Rp ) Bunga =
8%
Jumlah ( Rp )
-2
40% 40,586,522,672
0
40,586,522,672
-1
60% 60,879,784,009
3,246,921,814
64,126,705,823
0
8,377,058,280
8,377,058,280
Modal pinjaman akhir masa konstruksi
113,090,286,775
Tabel D.4.3 Modal sendiri selama masa konstruksi
Masa
Modal sendiri
%
Konstruksi
Jumlah ( Rp ) Inflasi =
9%
Jumlah ( Rp )
-2
50% 33,822,102,227
0
33,822,102,227
-1
50% 33,822,102,227
3,043,989,200
36,866,091,427
0
6,361,937,429
6,361,937,429
Modal sendiri pada akhir masa konstruksi
77,050,131,083
Total investasi pada akhir masa konstruksi
= modal pinjaman
+ modal sendiri
190,140,417,858
= Rp
D.4.4 Perhitungan Internal Rate of Return ( IRR )
IRR berdasarkan discounted cash flow adalah suatu tingkat bunga tertentu dimana seluruh penerimaan
akan tepat menutup seluruh jumlah pengeluaran modal. Cara yang dilakukan adalah dengan trial i, yaitu laju
bunga sehingga memenuhi persamaan berikut :
S CF/(1+i)n = total modal akhir masa konstruksi
dimana :n = tahun
CF = cash flow pada tahun ke-n
Tabel D.4.4 Discounted cash flow untuk nilai i
Tahun
Trial i
ke-n Net Cash Flow (CF)
8.0%
i =
9.00%
i =
Present value
Present value
1
11,072,687,611
10,252,488,529
10,158,112,868
2
19,840,144,655
17,009,726,213
16,698,013,477
3
28,607,601,698
22,709,636,566
22,088,255,130
4
29,240,907,304
21,492,939,792
20,712,417,424
5
29,874,212,910
20,331,887,331
19,413,167,614
6
30,507,518,516
19,224,911,561
18,187,240,194
7
31,140,824,122
18,170,371,776
17,031,386,596
8
31,774,129,728
17,166,573,624
15,942,394,667
9
32,407,435,334
16,211,786,053
14,917,104,821
10
33,040,740,940
15,304,256,045
13,952,423,265
177,874,577,490
169,100,516,054 ##
Total NPV
D-363
169,110,511,135
Modal awal (TCI) = Rp
Total Present Value
Ratio
=
Modal awal
169,100,516,054
=
169,110,511,135
1.0
=
Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai i = 9.00% pertahun.
harga i yang diperoleh lebih besar dari harga i untuk pinjaman modal pada bank. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa
8.0%
pabrik layak untuk didirikan dengan kondisi tingkat bunga bank sebesar
per tahun
D.4.5 Waktu Pengembalian Modal ( Payout Time , POT )
Untuk menghitung waktu pengembalian modal, maka dihitung akumulasi modal sebagai berikut :
Tabel D.4.5 Cumulative Cash Flow ( rupiah )
Tahun
Cumulative
Net Cash Flow
ke-n
Cash Flow
1
11,072,687,611
-19,238,003,963
2
19,840,144,655
602,140,692
3
28,607,601,698
29,209,742,390
4
29,240,907,304
58,450,649,694
5
29,874,212,910
88,324,862,605
6
30,507,518,516
118,832,381,121
7
31,140,824,122
149,973,205,243
8
31,774,129,728
181,747,334,971
9
32,407,435,334
214,154,770,305
10
33,040,740,940
247,195,511,245
169,110,511,135
Dari tabel di atas maka untuk TCI sebesar= Rp
dengan cara interpolasi antara tahun ke-7 dan ke-8, diperoleh :
7.61 tahun
Waktu pengembalian modal
=
D.4.6. Analisa Titik Impas ( Break Event Point, BEP )
Analisa titik impas digunakan untuk mengetahui jumlah kapasitas produksi dimana biaya produksi total
sama dengan hasil penjualan.
Tabel D.4.6. Biaya FC, VC, SVC dan S
Keterangan
No.
Rp
1 Biaya tetap, FC
2 Biaya variabel, VC
a. Bahan baku
Rp
b. Utilitas
Rp
Total biaya variabel (VC )
Rp
Rupiah
30,310,691,574
109,730,477,811
12,113,935,098
121,844,412,910
3 Biaya semi variabel, SVC

a. Tenaga kerja
b. Pemeliharaan dan perbaikan
c. Pengawasan
d. Operating supplies
e. Laboratorium
f. Pengeluaran umum
g. Plant overhead cost
Total biaya semi variabel
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
9,114,000,000
4,312,318,034
546,840,000
718,719,672
729,120,000
18,170,902,647
12,113,935,098
45,705,835,451
4 Total penjualan (S)
Rp
260,000,000,000
D-364
BEP
300
miliar rupiah
250
200
150
tpc
100
FC
50
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
kapasitas (%)
Gambar VI.4.6. Kurva BEP Pabrik etanol

BEP
0.3 SVC
FC +
X
- 0.7 SVC - VC
100%
D-365
41.47%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
1600
1400
y = 46.862x - 92707
1200
1000
Series1
800
Linear (Series1)
600
400
200
0
1998
2000
2002
2004
D-366
2006
2008
harga alat dari matche.com untuk tahun 2003

1 belt, open, long conveyor
lengt = 150 ft
D = 18 inch
$
48300
2 belt, open, short conveyor
length = 150 ft
D = 18 inch
$
45900
10 x 6
h = 25 ft
bahan konstruksi = Carbon steel
$
10200
4 Reboiler
A = 200 ft2
bahan konstruksi = stainless steel
P = 150 psi
$
16300
5 cooling tower
cooling load = 1 BTU/hr
bahan konstruksi = carbon steel
P = 1 atm
$
72900
6 Rotary drum vacuum filter

A = 730 ft2
bahan konstruksi = stainless steel 304
P = 1 atm
$
302900
7 screen filter
A = 200 ft2
P = 1 atm
$
164600
type = horizontal, ANSI, 1-stage
D discharge = 2 inch
mechanical steel
$
7300
9 crusher
D-367
D= 3 ft
bahan konstruksi = carbon steel
P = 1 atm
$
142800
10 cooking tank/saccharification tank
vertical cone, top n bottom, small
Stainless steel
= $ 40700
carbon steel
= $ 15200
11 broth tank
volume = 8100 gallon
carbon steel
= $ 14800
stainless steel
= $ 39800
12 storage alkohol
Stainless steel
= $ 35300
carbon steel
= $ 13100
13 bak penampung
volume = 8400 gallon
Stainless steel
= $ 40700
carbon steel
= $ 15100
14 fermentor
volume
10000 gallon
1 atm-25 psi
stainless steel 304
carbon steel
267900
41100
16 sterilisasi I
A = 1962 ft
shell n tube heat exchanger
carbon steel
= $ 55300
17 sterilisasi II
A = 2859 ft
carbon steel
62800
18 sterilisasi III
A = 1832 ft
carbon steel
= $ 54000
19 Mash kolom
tray = 10
stainless steel =
40000
D-368
20 kolom distilasi I
tray = 25
stainless stell =
45000
21 kolom distilasi II
tray = 25
stainless steel =
132500
22 kolom distilasi III

tray =
stainless steel
=
132500
$
$
$
$
19100
15900
15900
4300
$
$
$
21000
1000
19100
preheater I
preheater II
2003
2004
2006
2008
kondensor
1500
2500
4500
6000
2003
2004
2006
2008
20700
19400
24732.549
380063.67
29771.553
134204.36
52477.713
15758.97
#REF!
nutrien
##
antifoam
biomass
enzim
D-369
##
penerimaan
pengeluaran
##
B.peralatan
Bahan baku
gaji pegawai
##
##
##
##
D-370
##
##
D-371
D-372
D-373
Discounted Cash Flow Pabrik etanol (dalam rupiah)
Tahun
ke -
INVESTASI
Kapasitas
Pengeluaran
1
Modal Sendiri
Inflasi
Jumlah
2
3
Modal Pin
Akumulasi
4
Pengeluaran
5
-2
0%
33,822,102,227
33,822,102,227
33,822,102,227
40,586,522,672
-1
0%
33,822,102,227
3,043,989,200
36,866,091,427
70,688,193,655
60,879,784,009
0%
6,361,937,429
6,361,937,429
77,050,131,083
60%
80%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
10
100%
I
Modal Pinjaman
Bunga
Jumlah
6
7
Akumulasi
8
Investasi
Total
(4) + (8)
9
40,586,522,672
40,586,522,672
74,408,624,900
3,246,921,814
64,126,705,823
104,713,228,495
175,401,422,150
8,377,058,280
8,377,058,280
113,090,286,775
190,140,417,858
Pengembalian
Pinjaman
Sisa Pinjaman
(11) - (10)
11
10
113,090,286,775
11,309,028,677
101,781,258,097
11,309,028,677
90,472,229,420
11,309,028,677
79,163,200,742
11,309,028,677
67,854,172,065
11,309,028,677
56,545,143,387
11,309,028,677
45,236,114,710
11,309,028,677
33,927,086,032
11,309,028,677
22,618,057,355
11,309,028,677
11,309,028,677
11,309,028,677
Hasil
Penjualan
Biaya
Operasi
Depresiasi
12
13
14
30,310,691,574
Bunga dari
Sisa Pinjaman
Sebelum pajak
(12)-(13)-(14)-(15)
16
15
Laba
Pajak
17
14,374,393,447
-44,685,085,020
156,000,000,000
121,139,350,980
14,374,393,447
9,047,222,942
11,439,032,631
3,431,709,789
208,000,000,000
161,519,134,641
14,374,393,447
8,142,500,648
23,963,971,265
7,189,191,380
260,000,000,000
201,898,918,301
14,374,393,447
7,237,778,354
36,488,909,899
10,946,672,970
260,000,000,000
201,898,918,301
14,374,393,447
6,333,056,059
37,393,632,193
11,218,089,658
260,000,000,000
201,898,918,301
14,374,393,447
5,428,333,765
38,298,354,488
11,489,506,346
260,000,000,000
201,898,918,301
14,374,393,447
4,523,611,471
39,203,076,782
11,760,923,035
260,000,000,000
201,898,918,301
14,374,393,447
3,618,889,177
40,107,799,076
12,032,339,723
260,000,000,000
201,898,918,301
14,374,393,447
2,714,166,883
41,012,521,370
12,303,756,411
260,000,000,000
201,898,918,301
14,374,393,447
1,809,444,588
41,917,243,664
12,575,173,099
260,000,000,000
201,898,918,301
14,374,393,447
904,722,294
42,821,965,959
12,846,589,788
Laba
Sesudah pajak
(16) - (17)
18
Actual
Cash Flow
(18) + (14)
19
Net
Cash Flow
(19) - (10)
20
Akumulasi
21
-44,685,085,020
-30,310,691,574
-30,310,691,574
-30,310,691,574
8,007,322,842
22,381,716,288
11,072,687,611
-19,238,003,963
16,774,779,886
31,149,173,332
19,840,144,655
602,140,692
25,542,236,929
39,916,630,376
28,607,601,698
29,209,742,390
26,175,542,535
40,549,935,982
29,240,907,304
58,450,649,694
26,808,848,141
41,183,241,588
29,874,212,910
88,324,862,605
27,442,153,747
41,816,547,194
30,507,518,516
118,832,381,121
28,075,459,353
42,449,852,800
31,140,824,122
149,973,205,243
28,708,764,959
43,083,158,406
31,774,129,728
181,747,334,971
29,342,070,565
43,716,464,012
32,407,435,334
214,154,770,305
29,975,376,171
44,349,769,617
33,040,740,940
247,195,511,245
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
13
15
14
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
No.
E-342
G-341
F-333
E-332B
E-332A
G-331
F-330
L-321
V-320
E-314B
E-314A
G-313
E-312
E-311
D-310B
D-310A
L-231B
L-231A
F-230
F-225
H-224
L-223B
L-223A
E-222B
E-222A
L-221
R-220
G-211
R-210
E-122
L-121
R-120
L-116
F-115
C-114D
C-114C
C-114B
C-114A
J-113
F-112C
C-112B
J-112A
F-111
R-110
KODE
DIGAMBAR OLEH :
HEATER REGEN MOLECULAR SIEVE TANK

BLOWER REGEN MOLECULAR SIEVE TANK
ETHANOL 99,5% TANK
COOLER
CONDENSER
BLOWER MOLECULAR SIEVE TANK
MOLECULAR SIEVE TANK
PUMP TO VAPORIZER
VAPORIZER
REBOILER RECTIFYING COLUMN
REBOILER STRIPPER COLUMN
FAN TO RECTIFYING COLUMN
CONDENSOR RECTIFYING COLUMN
PREHEATER TO STRIPPER COLUMN
RECTIFYING COLUMN
STRIPPER COLUMN
PUMP TO STRIPPER COLUMN
PUMP TO BROTH TANK
BROTH TANK
FILTRATION TANK
ROTARY VACUUM FILTER
PUMP TO ROTARY DRUM FILTER
PUMP TO FERMENTOR TANK
COOLER
STERILIZATION
PUMP TO SEED TANK AND FERMENTOR
FERMENTOR TANK
BLOWER
SEED TANK
COOLER TO SACCHARIFICATION TANK
PUMP TO SACCHARIFICATION TANK
SACCHARIFICATION TANK
PUMP TO LIQUIFICATION TANK
MIXING TANK
SCREEN FILTER
HAMMER MILL
ROTARY KNIFE CUTTER
ROTARY BELT WEIGHING
BELT CONVEYOR
WASHING TANK
PEELER
BELT CONVEYOR TO PEELER
CASSAVA STORAGE
LIQUIFICATION TANK
KETERANGAN
1. FRESTIA UTAMI
DIGAMBAR OLEH :
2. ANGGA WAHYU WICAKSONO

DOSEN PEMBIMBING :
Prof. Ir. Renanto Handogo, M.S., Ph. D.
Juwari Purwo Sutikno, S.T., M. Eng., Ph. D.
FLOWSHEET
PRADESAIN PABRIK BIOETHANOL DARI SINGKONG GAJAH

JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
2013
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
JUMLAH
2309100010
D.
h. D.
GKONG GAJAH
IA
DUSTRI
NOPEMBER
2309100072
Stream Number
T (C)
P (bar)
Component
Cassava
Kulit Cassava
Air
Pati (starch)
Protein
Fiber
Impuritis
-amilase
(C6H10O5)10
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Maltosa
Glukosa
Bakteri
Udara
Nutrient
Nutrient Sisa
Biomass
Antifoam
CO2
C2H5OH
Amyl alkohol
Isoamyl alkohol
Butanol
Propanol
C3H8O3
CH3COOH
CH3CHO
Total
Component
1
30
1
2
30
1
12,617.37
3
30
1
4
30
1
5
30
1
6
30
1
7,649.28
4,161.21
146.87
97.91
183.58
18,358.27
26,007.55
4,161.21
146.87
97.91
183.58
12,238.85
378.52
12,617.37
18,358.27
30,597.12
Air
7,649.28
18,358.27
26,007.55
Pati (starch)
4,161.21
4,161.21
Protein
146.87
146.87
Fiber
97.91
97.91
Impuritis
183.58
183.58
-amilase
(C6H10O5)10
Glukoamilase
H2SO4
Maltosa
Glukosa
12,617.37
12,238.85
Kulit Cassava
12,238.85
Cassava
378.52
12,238.85
378.52
Bakteri
Udara
Nutrient
Nutrient Sisa
Biomass
Antifoam
CO2
C2H5OH
Amyl alkohol
Isoamyl alkohol
Butanol
Propanol
C3H8O3
CH3COOH
CH3CHO
Total
12,617.37
378.52
12,238.85
12,238.85
18,358.27
30,597.12
7
30
1
8
105
1
9
60
1
10
30
1
11
30
1
12
60
1
13
120
1
14
32
1
TABE
12.48
26,007.55
208.06
146.87
97.91
183.58
12.48
3,953.15
26,007.55
208.06
146.87
97.91
183.58
12.48
3,953.15
0.00
25,570.51
10.40
146.87
97.91
4,405.98
12.48
118.59
0.37
0.03
208.64
4,260.61
0.37
0.03
12.48
12.48
30,609.60
30,609.60
0.03
10
26,007.55
26,007.55
0.00
208.06
208.06
146.87
97.91
0.37
11
34,832.40
25,570.51
10.40
146.87
97.91
4,405.98
12.48
118.59
0.37
0.03
208.64
4,260.61
34,832.40
2,557.05
1.04
14.69
9.79
18.36
1.25
11.86
0.04
0.00
20.86
426.06
3,061.00
12
13
14
25,570.51
25,570.51
2,557.05
10.40
10.40
1.04
146.87
146.87
146.87
14.69
97.91
97.91
97.91
9.79
183.58
183.58
4,405.98
4,405.98
18.36
12.48
12.48
12.48
12.48
1.25
3,953.15
3,953.15
118.59
118.59
11.86
0.37
0.37
0.04
0.37
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.00
208.64
208.64
20.86
4,260.61
4,260.61
426.06
12.48
30,609.60
30,609.60
0.03
0.37
34,832.40
34,832.40
3,061.00
15
32
1
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
TABEL NERACA MASSA PABRIK BIOETANOL DARI SINGKONG GAJAH (dalam kg/h)
23,013.46
9.36
132.18
88.12
165.22
11.24
106.73
0.34
0.02
187.77
3,834.55
2,557.08
1.04
14.69
9.79
18.36
1.25
11.86
0.04
0.00
20.86
426.02
0.00
0.15
0.11
5.11
25.56
5.11
0.01
30.66
0.04
27,549.00
15
5.11
16
0.00
17
0.15
3,066.11
Process Streams (kg/h)

18
19
20
23,013.46
2,557.08
9.36
1.04
132.18
14.69
88.12
9.79
165.22
18.36
11.24
1.25
106.73
11.86
0.04
0.34
0.02
0.00
187.77
20.86
3,834.55
426.02
0.15
25.56
21
30.66
22
0.00
0.15
0.11
5.11
25.56
5.11
0.01
30.66
0.04
27,549.00
5.11
0.00
0.15
3,066.11
0.15
25.56
30.66
23
32
1
24
32
1
25
32
1
26
32
1
27
80.47
1
28
77.71
1
29
86.81
1
30
76.58
1
25,560.50
10.40
146.87
97.91
183.58
12.48
118.59
0.37
0.03
208.64
0.53
1,278.02
10.40
146.87
97.91
183.58
12.48
118.59
0.37
0.03
10.43
0.03
24,282.47
24,282.47
24,282.47
3,684.74
20,597.73
79.14
198.21
0.50
198.21
0.50
198.21
0.50
0.00
0.00
198.21
0.50
0.00
0.00
30.69
30.66
30.69
30.66
JAH (dalam kg/h)
2,094.56
0.54
0.59
0.27
0.23
107.69
33.44
2.45
28,641.03
2,094.56
0.54
0.59
0.27
0.23
107.69
33.44
2.45
4,159.85
1,989.84
0.52
0.56
0.26
0.22
102.30
31.77
2.33
26,608.97
1,989.84
0.52
0.56
0.26
0.22
102.30
31.77
2.33
26,608.97
1,989.84
0.52
0.56
0.26
0.22
102.30
31.77
2.33
26,608.97
1,987.85
0.52
0.56
0.26
0.21
0.00
0.20
2.33
5,676.67
1.99
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
102.30
31.57
0.00
20,932.30
1,985.86
0.11
0.51
0.19
0.21
0.00
0.00
2.33
2,068.35
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
25,560.50
1,278.02
24,282.47
24,282.47
24,282.47
3,684.74
20,597.73
79.14
10.40
10.40
146.87
146.87
97.91
97.91
183.58
183.58
12.48
12.48
118.59
118.59
0.37
0.37
0.03
0.03
208.64
10.43
198.21
198.21
198.21
0.00
198.21
0.00
0.53
0.03
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.00
0.50
0.00
30.69
30.69
30.66
30.66
2,094.56
2,094.56
1,989.84
1,989.84
1,989.84
1,987.85
1.99
1,985.86
0.54
0.54
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.00
0.11
0.59
0.59
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.00
0.51
0.27
0.27
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.00
0.19
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.00
0.21
107.69
107.69
102.30
102.30
102.30
0.00
102.30
0.00
33.44
33.44
31.77
31.77
31.77
0.20
31.57
0.00
2.45
2.45
2.33
2.33
0.00
2.33
28,641.03
4,159.85
2.33
26,608.97
2.33
26,608.97
26,608.97
5,676.67
20,932.30
2,068.35
31
86.95
1
32
90
1
79.14
3,605.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.99
0.41
0.05
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.00
3,608.32
1,985.86
0.11
0.51
0.19
0.21
0.00
0.00
2.33
2,068.35
33
117.8
1
34
88
1
35
50
1
36
35
1
75.17
3.98
3.98
3.98
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
37
32
1
2,030.30
31
3,605.60
32
79.14
75.17
1,985.86
0.11
0.51
0.19
0.21
0.00
0.00
2.33
1,993.18
1,985.86
0.11
0.51
0.19
0.21
0.00
0.00
2.33
1,993.18
1,985.86
0.11
0.51
0.19
0.21
0.00
0.00
2.33
1,993.18
33
34
35
36
75.17
3.98
3.98
3.98
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2,030.30
37
48,727.22
1.99
1,985.86
1,985.86
1,985.86
0.41
1,985.86
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.05
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.07
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.00
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.33
2.33
2.33
2.33
3,608.32
2,068.35
1,993.18
1,993.18
1,993.18
75.17
48,727.22
KETERANGAN
Pengertian Alat Kontrol
TI
Temperature Indicator
TC
Temperature Control
I/P
Current / Pressure
LI
Level Indicator
Pengertian Garis Penghubung

Laju Aliran Fluida
Elektrik
Pneumatic
Input
Output
Dosen Pembimbing :
1. Prof. Ir. Renanto Handogo, MS., Ph. D.
2. Juwari Purwo Sutikno, S.T., M. Eng., Ph. D.
Digambar Oleh :
1. Frestia Utami
2. Angga Wahyu Wicaksono
2309 100 010

2309 100 072
P & ID FERMENTOR (R-210)

PRADESAIN PABRIK BIOETHANOL DARI SINGKONG GAJAH
JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
2013

Appendiks All

Diunggah oleh

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Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

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Opsi Berbagi

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Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Appendiks All

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

APPENDIKS A

Input Feed trial = 100.000 kg/hari

Pengerjaan sesuai dengan langkah-langkah yang telah ditentukan

Mendapatkan produk X kg/hari

Produk X kg/hari : etanol 99,5% = Produk Y

Produk Y L/hari : 1000 : 330 = Produk Z KL/tahun

Produk yang diinginkan 20.000 KL/tahun maka untuk mendapatkan Feed,

Didapatkan Feed= 302.817 kg/hari

Untuk mengupas kulit Singkong Gajah

Tabel A.1. Neraca Massa Peeler

2. Hammer Mill (C-114C)

Asumsi : 0,1% Singkong Gajah yang tidak halus direcycle

Fungsi : untuk mengencerkan padatan hingga 15%

((85%/15%)x dry feed)-H2O dalam feed

2) aliran keluar <6>

Tabel A.3. Neraca Massa pada Mixing Tank

4. Liquification Tank (R-110)

2. Aliran massa keluar

Tabel A.4. Neraca massa pada Liquification Tank

Untuk Merubah karbohidrat menjadi glukosa pada suhu 60 C

Volume Larutan (V1)

Volume H2SO4 98% yang dibutuhkan (V2)

Air yang terkandung pada H2SO4 98% adalah 2%, sehingga :

Enzim Glukoamilase yang ditambahkan 1:555,56 kg dari karbohidrat yang masuk

Massa (C6H10O5)1000 mula-mula

Massa (C6H10O5)1000 sisa Liquifikasi

(C6H10O5)1000 yang bereaksi

(C6H10O5)1000 yang tersisa

H2O yang bereaksi

H2O yang tersisa

Massa C12H22O11 terbentuk

H2O yang tersisa

Massa C6H12O6 yang terbentuk

Tabel A.5. Neraca Massa pada Saccharification Tank

Mensterilkan medium dari mikroorganisme yang tidak diinginkan yang

Alilran massa keluar dari Sterilization dialirkan 10 % ke Seeding Tank dan 90 %

Tabel A.6. Neraca massa pada Sterilization

7. Seed Tank (R-210)

(fraksi x s.g ) x air

Menghitung kecepatan tumbuh bakteri (Rv)

Reaksi dari pertumbuhan sel pada kondisi aerob :

Kebutuhan oksigen dari reaksi

Massa CH1.8O0.5N0.17 yang terbentuk

CO2 yang terbentuk

NH3 yang dibutuhkan

massa O2 yang dibutuhkan

PH2O = RH x Psat H2O

2) Aliran massa keluar

1 % dari glukosa (jumali)

Tabel A.7 Neraca Massa pada Seed Tank

8. Fermentor Tank (R-220)

Rotary Vacuum Filter

Urea dan (NH4)H2PO4

Fungsi : mengonversi gula menjadi ethanol

2C3H8O3 + CH3COOH- +C2H5OH+2CO2

C3H8O3 + CH3CHO + CO2

untuk reaksi (a)

C6H12O6 total yang tersedia

C6H12O6 total yang tersedia - C6H12O6 bereaksi

Perhitungan fusel oil

fusel oil terdiri dari :

untuk reaksi (b)

C6H12O6 total-sisa (yang tersedia)