DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL.........................................................................................

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN...........................................................................

ii

KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................................ iii

DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................

iv

DAFTAR GAMBAR......................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR TABEL.............................................................................................. xix
ABSTRAK......................................................................................................... xxi
BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1. Latar Belakang...........................................................................................

1.2. Tujuan Percobaan......................................................................................

1.3. Pembatasan Masalah..................................................................................

1.4. Metode Penulisan.......................................................................................

1.5. Sistematika Penulisan................................................................................

BAB II

ANALISA SPEKTRUM SINYAL

2.1 Tujuan Percobaan..........................................................................................

2.2 Dasar Teori....................................................................................................

2.2.1

Pengertian Umum Analisa Spektrum Sinyal.....................................

2.2.2

Analisa Gelombang Fourier..............................................................

2.2.3

Deret Fourier dan Spektrum Sinyal................................................... 10

2.2.4

Transformasi Fourier......................................................................... 17

2.3

Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................... 26

2.4

Cara Kerja.................................................................................................. 27

2.5

Data Percobaan.......................................................................................... 29

2.6

Analisa dan Pembahasan........................................................................... 45

2.6.1

Sinyal Sinus....................................................................................... 45

2.6.2

Sinyal Pulsa....................................................................................... 47

2.6.3

Sinyal Kotak...................................................................................... 54

2.6.4

Sinyal Segitiga.................................................................................. 56

2.6.5

Sinyal Gergaji.................................................................................... 58

2.6.6

Sinyal Modulasi AM......................................................................... 60

2.7

2.6.7

Sinyal Modulasi FM.......................................................................... 62

2.6.8

Spektrum FFT................................................................................... 64

Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 68

BAB III

AMPLITUDO MODULATION

3.1 Tujuan Percobaan.......................................................................................... 69

3.2 Dasar Teori.................................................................................................... 69

3.3

3.2.1

Pengertian Umum Amplitudo Modulation........................................ 69

3.2.2

Modulasi Amplitudo.......................................................................... 70

3.2.3

SSB.................................................................................................... 72

3.2.4

Perbandingan AM dan FM................................................................ 77

3.2.5

Pola Lissajous.................................................................................... 78

3.2.6

Fungsi Komponen Modul AM.......................................................... 78

3.2.7

Frequency Division Multiplexing..................................................... 82

Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................... 84

3.4 Cara Kerja..................................................................................................... 85

3.5 Data Percobaan.............................................................................................. 87
3.6

3.7

Analisa dan Pembahasan........................................................................... 105

3.6.1

AMDSBFC........................................................................................ 105

3.6.2

AMDSBSC........................................................................................ 126

3.6.3

Aplikasi AM Transmitter................................................................... 135

Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 136

BAB IV

FREQUENCY MODULATION

4.1 Tujuan Percobaan.......................................................................................... 137

4.2 Dasar Teori.................................................................................................... 137
4.2.1

Pengertian Umum Frequency Modulation........................................ 137

4.2.2

Pembangkitan Sinyal FM.................................................................. 137

4.2.3

Memperbaiki Linearitas Modulasi FM............................................. 140

4.2.4

Automatic Gain Control.................................................................... 141

4.2.5

Pendeteksian Sinyal FM.................................................................... 141

4.2.6

Spektrum Sinyal FM......................................................................... 144

4.3

4.2.7

Bandwidth FM.................................................................................. 146

4.2.8

Modulasi Sinyal Sinus FM................................................................ 147

Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................... 149

4.4 Cara Kerja..................................................................................................... 150

4.5 Data Percobaan.............................................................................................. 151
4.6

4.7

Analisa dan Pembahasan........................................................................... 152

4.6.1

Linearitas Modulator, Demodulator dan AFC................................... 152

4.6.2

AGC (Automatic Gain Control) ....................................................... 162

4.6.3

Modulasi Sinyal Sinus....................................................................... 165

Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 171

BAB V

MPX FM STEREO DENGAN FDM

5.1 Tujuan Percobaan.......................................................................................... 172

5.2 Dasar Teori.................................................................................................... 172

5.3

5.2.1

Pengertian Umum FDM.................................................................... 172

5.2.2

FM Stereo.......................................................................................... 173

Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................... 177

5.4 Cara Kerja..................................................................................................... 178

5.5 Data Percobaan.............................................................................................. 180
5.6

5.7

Analisa dan Pembahasan........................................................................... 190

5.6.1

Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan L dan R........................................... 190

5.6.2

AMDSBSC........................................................................................ 194

5.6.3

Linear Mixer...................................................................................... 197

5.6.4

BPF (Band Pass Filter)...................................................................... 199

5.6.5

LPF (Low Pass Filter) ...................................................................... 202

5.6.6

Multiplexer Stereo............................................................................. 204

Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 205

BAB VI

SPEKTRUM AM DAN FM

6.1 Tujuan Percobaan.......................................................................................... 206

6.2 Dasar Teori.................................................................................................... 206
6.2.1

Pengertian Umum Spektrum AM dan FM........................................ 206

6.3

6.2.2

AM Transmitter................................................................................. 209

6.2.3

Perbandingan AM dan FM................................................................ 213

6.2.4

Standar Penyiaran Radio AM dan FM.............................................. 213

6.2.5

Spectrum Analyzer............................................................................ 214

Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................... 215

6.4 Cara Kerja..................................................................................................... 216

6.5 Data Percobaan.............................................................................................. 217
6.6

6.7

Analisa dan Pembahasan........................................................................... 224

6.6.1

AM Transmitter dan Receiver........................................................... 224

6.6.2

Perbandingan V dan f pada AM Transmitter..................................... 231

6.6.3

Spektrum AM.................................................................................... 233

6.6.4

Siaran Radio FM............................................................................... 236

6.6.5

Perbandingan Spektrum FM Keseluruhan........................................ 242

6.6.6

Faktor Faktor yang mempengaruhi Perbedaan Nilai Spektrum..... 243

6.6.7

Perbedaan Tipe Jenis Modulasi......................................................... 244

Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 245

BAB VII

PENUTUP

7.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................................................. 246

7.2

Saran.......................................................................................................... 247

DAFTAR PUSTAKA......................................................................................... 248

LAMPIRAN

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1

Gelombang Fourier Fungsi Genap............................................

Gambar 2.2

Gelombang Fourier Fungsi Ganjil............................................

Gambar 2.3

Fungsi Simetri Gelombang Setengah........................................ 10

Gambar 2.4

Gelombang Sinusoidal.............................................................. 10

Gambar 2.5

Gelombang Sinyal Kotak.......................................................... 12

Gambar 2.6

Gelombang Sinyal Segitiga....................................................... 14

Gambar 2.7

Gelombang Sinyal Gergaji........................................................ 16

Gambar 2.8

Spektrum Amplitudo Transformasi Laplace............................. 19

Gambar 2.9

Contoh Spektrum Fasa Fourier................................................. 19

Gambar 2.10

Spektrum Modulasi AM............................................................ 20

Gambar 2.11

(a) Gelombang Carrier

(b) Gelombang Modulasi
(c) Gelombang FM.................................................................... 21

Gambar 2.12

Gelombang Audio Longitudinal................................................ 22

Gambar 2.13

Gelombang Duty Cycle 25% ................................................... 23

Gambar 2.14

Gelombang 0% Duty Cycle...................................................... 23

Gambar 2.15

Gelombang 25% Duty Cycle.................................................... 23

Gambar 2.16

Gelombang 50% Duty Cycle.................................................... 23

Gambar 2.17

Gelombang 75% Duty Cycle.................................................... 24

Gambar 2.18

Gelombang 100% Duty Cycle.................................................. 24

Gambar 2.19

Screenshoot Winscope.............................................................. 24

Gambar 2.20

Function Generator.................................................................... 25

Gambar 2.21

Sinus Frekuensi 100 Hz............................................................ 29

Gambar 2.22

Sinus Frekuensi 500 Hz............................................................ 29

Gambar 2.23

Sinus Frekuensi 1000 Hz.......................................................... 29

Gambar 2.24

Sinus Frekuensi 3000 Hz.......................................................... 30

Gambar 2.25

Sinus Frekuensi 5000 Hz.......................................................... 30

Gambar 2.26

Pulsa 100 Hz, m = 25%............................................................. 31

Gambar 2.27

Pulsa 500 Hz, m = 25%............................................................. 31

Gambar 2.28

Pulsa 1000 Hz, m = 25%........................................................... 31

Gambar 2.29

Pulsa 2000 Hz, m = 25%........................................................... 32

Gambar 2.30

Pulsa 100 Hz, m = 50%............................................................. 32

Gambar 2.31

Pulsa 500 Hz, m = 50%............................................................. 32

Gambar 2.32

Pulsa 1000 Hz, m = 50%........................................................... 33

Gambar 2.33

Pulsa 2000 Hz, m = 50%........................................................... 33

Gambar 2.34

Pulsa 100 Hz, m = 75%............................................................. 33

Gambar 2.35

Pulsa 500 Hz, m = 75%............................................................. 34

Gambar 2.36

Pulsa 1000 Hz, m = 75%........................................................... 34

Gambar 2.37

Pulsa 2000 Hz, m = 75%........................................................... 34

Gambar 2.38

Kotak Frekuensi 100 Hz............................................................ 36

Gambar 2.39

Kotak Frekuensi 500 Hz............................................................ 36

Gambar 2.40

Kotak Frekuensi 1000 Hz.......................................................... 36

Gambar 2.41

Kotak Frekuensi 2000 Hz.......................................................... 37

Gambar 2.42

Segitiga Frekuensi 100 Hz........................................................ 38

Gambar 2.43

Segitiga Frekuensi 500 Hz........................................................ 38

Gambar 2.44

Segitiga Frekuensi 1000 Hz...................................................... 38

Gambar 2.45

Segitiga Frekuensi 2000 Hz...................................................... 39

Gambar 2.46

Gigi Gergaji 100 Hz.................................................................. 40

Gambar 2.47

Gigi Gergaji 500 Hz.................................................................. 40

Gambar 2.48

Gigi Gergaji 1000 Hz................................................................ 40

Gambar 2.49

Gigi Gergaji 2000 Hz................................................................ 41

Gambar 2.50

Modulasi AM 50%.................................................................... 42

Gambar 2.51

Modulasi AM 75%.................................................................... 42

Gambar 2.52

Modulasi AM 100%.................................................................. 43

Gambar 2.53

Sinyal Modulasi FM Gelombang Suara.................................... 43

Gambar 2.54

Spektrum Sinus......................................................................... 44

Gambar 2.55

Spektrum Kotak........................................................................ 44

Gambar 2.56

Modulasi AM 50%.................................................................... 60

Gambar 2.57

Modulasi AM 75%.................................................................... 60

Gambar 2.58

Modulasi AM 100%.................................................................. 60

Gambar 2.59

Hasil Pengamatan Sinyal Modulasi FM.................................... 62

Gambar 2.60

Sinyal Ideal Modulasi FM......................................................... 62

Gambar 2.61

Spektrum Sinus......................................................................... 64

Gambar 2.62

Spektrum Kotak........................................................................ 66

Gambar 3.1

Bagan Pemodulasian Sinyal...................................................... 69

Gambar 3.2

Spektra sinyal yang dimodulasi amplitudo

(a) DSBFC, (b) DSBSC, (c) DSBSC yang menggunakan USB
(d) DSBSC yang menggunakan LSB........................................ 73

Gambar 3.3

Blok Diagram Pembangkit SSB Metode Filter Jalur Sisi......... 75

Gambar 3.4

Blok Diagram Pembangkit SSB Metode Pergeseran Fasa........ 75

Gambar 3.5

Blok Diagram Pembangkit SSB Metode Ketiga....................... 76

Gambar 3.6

Pola Lissajous dengan a=1 b=2 (1:2); a=3 b=2 (3:2)

Dan a=3 b=4 (3:4)..................................................................... 78

Gambar 3.7

Rangkaian Dasar Envelope Detector........................................ 79

Gambar 3.8

Sebuah Sinyal Warna Biru Dan Besarnya Sinyal Analitik

Dengan Warna Merah Menunjukkan Efek Selubung................ 79

Gambar 3.9

LPF dan Tanggapannya............................................................. 80

Gambar 3.10

BPF Gabungan dari LPF dan HPF dan Tanggapannya............. 81

Gambar 3.11

HPF dan Tanggapannya............................................................ 82

Gambar 3.12

Sinyal AMDSBFC di point C.................................................... 87

Gambar 3.13

Pola Lissajous di Titik D dan E

a. Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Carrier Shift Minimum........................................................ 88

Gambar 3.14

Sinyal Keluaran Deteksi dengan Envelope Detector

a. Di Point J
b. Di Point K............................................................................ 89

Gambar 3.15

Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point H Carrier Shift Minimum
b. Point H Carrier Shift Maksimum......................................... 90

.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.16

Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point K Carrier Shift Minimum
b. Point K Carrier Shift Maksimum......................................... 91

.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.17

Beda Fasa Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector di point D

dan E
a. Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Carrier Shift Minimum........................................................ 92

Gambar 3.18

Sinyal AMDSBFC dengan m = 100% di point C..................... 93

Gambar 3.19

Pola Lissajous di Titik D dan E

a. Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Carrier Shift Minimum........................................................ 94

.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.20

Deteksi dengan Envelope Detector m=100%

a. Di Point J
b. Di Point K............................................................................ 95

Gambar 3.21

Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point H Carrier Shift Minimum
b. Point H Carrier Shift Maksimum......................................... 96

.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.22

Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point K Carrier Shift Minimum
b. Point K Carrier Shift Maksimum......................................... 97

.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.23

Beda Fasa Carrier di point D dan E

a. Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Carrier Shift Minimum........................................................ 98

Gambar 3.24

Sinyal AMDSBSC di point C.................................................... 99

Gambar 3.25

Pola Lissajous di Titik D dan E

a. Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Carrier Shift Minimum........................................................ 100

.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.26

Deteksi dengan Envelope Detector

a. Di Point J
b. Di Point K............................................................................ 101

.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.27

Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point H Carrier Shift Maksimum

b. Point H Carrier Shift Minimum...........................................

.............................................................................................102
.............................................................................................
Gambar 3.28

Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point K Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Point K Carrier Shift Minimum........................................... 103

Gambar 3.29

Beda Fasa Carrier di point D dan E

a. Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Carrier Shift Minimum........................................................ 104

Gambar 3.30

Sinyal AMDSBFC di point C.................................................... 106

Gambar 3.31

Pola Lissajous di Titik D dan E

c. Carrier Shift Maksimum
d. Carrier Shift Minimum........................................................ 107

Gambar 3.32

Diagram Blok AMDSBFC dengan Envelope Detector............. 108

Gambar 3.33

Sinyal Keluaran Deteksi dengan Envelope Detector

c. Di Point J
d. Di Point K............................................................................ 108

Gambar 3.34

Rangkaian AMDSBFC dengan Product Detector..................... 110

Gambar 3.35

Sinyal Keluaran Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point H Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Point K Carrier Shift Maksimum......................................... 110

.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.36

Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point H Carrier Shift Minimum
b. Point H Carrier Shift Maksimum......................................... 111

.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.37

Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point K Carrier Shift Minimum
b. Point K Carrier Shift Maksimum......................................... 112

.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.38

Beda Fasa Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

di point D dan E
a. Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Carrier Shift Minimum........................................................ 115

Gambar 3.39

Sinyal AMDSBFC dengan m = 100% di point C..................... 116

Gambar 3.40

Pola Lissajous di Titik D dan E

a. Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Carrier Shift Minimum........................................................ 117

.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.41

Deteksi dengan Envelope Detector m=100%

a. Di Point J
b. Di Point K............................................................................ 118

Gambar 3.42

Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point H Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Point H Carrier Shift Minimum...........................................

.............................................................................................119
.............................................................................................
Gambar 3.43

Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point K Carrier Shift Minimum
b. Point K Carrier Shift Maksimum......................................... 121
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.44

Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point H Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Point K Carrier Shift Maksimum......................................... 122

.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.45

Beda Fasa Carrier di point D dan E

a. Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Carrier Shift Minimum........................................................ 124

Gambar 3.46

Blok Rangkaian AMDSBSC..................................................... 126

Gambar 3.47

Sinyal AMDSBSC di point C.................................................... 127

Gambar 3.48

Pola Lissajous di Titik D dan E

a. Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Carrier Shift Minimum........................................................ 128

.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.49

Deteksi dengan Envelope Detector

a. Di Point J

b. Di Point K............................................................................ 129

.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.50

Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point H Carrier Shift Minimum
b. Point H Carrier Shift Maksimum.........................................
.............................................................................................130
.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.51

Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point K Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Point K Carrier Shift Minimum........................................... 132

Gambar 3.52

Deteksi dengan Envelope Product Detector

a. Point H Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Point K Carrier Shift Maksimum......................................... 133

.............................................................................................

Gambar 3.53

Beda Fasa Carrier di point D dan E

a. Carrier Shift Maksimum
b. Carrier Shift Minimum........................................................ 134

Gambar 4.1

Rangkaian Oscillator Clapp...................................................... 138

Gambar 4.2

Simbol Dioda Varaktor.............................................................. 140

Gambar 4.3

Diskriminator PLL.................................................................... 142

Gambar 4.4

Quadrature Detector.................................................................. 143

Gambar 4.5

Rangkaian Ratio Detector......................................................... 144

Gambar 4.6

Spektrum Sinyal FM................................................................. 145

Gambar 4.7

Spektrum Frekuensi FM............................................................ 146

Gambar 4.8

Bandwidth Spektrum FM.......................................................... 147

Gambar 4.9

Grafik Hubungan Vin-f.............................................................. 153

Gambar 4.10

Grafik Ideal Hubungan Vin-f..................................................... 154

Gambar 4.11

Grafik Hubungan Vinput-Vaudio..................................................... 155

Gambar 4.12

Grafik Ideal Hubungan Vinput-Vaudio............................................ 155

Gambar 4.13

Grafik Hubungan Vin-Vafc.......................................................... 156

Gambar 4.14

Grafik Ideal Hubungan Vin-Vafc................................................. 157

Gambar 4.15

Grafik Hubungan Vaudio-f........................................................... 158

Gambar 4.16

Grafik Ideal Hubungan Vaudio-f.................................................. 158

Gambar 4.17

Grafik Hubungan Vafc-f............................................................. 159

Gambar 4.18

Grafik Ideal Hubungan Vafc-f.................................................... 160

Gambar 4.19

Grafik Hubungan Vafc-Vaudio....................................................... 161

Gambar 4.20

Grafik Ideal Hubungan Vafc -Vaudio............................................. 161

Gambar 4.21

Grafik Hubungan Vinput-Iif.......................................................... 162

Gambar 4.22

Grafik Ideal Hubungan Vin-Iif.................................................... 163

Gambar 4.23

Grafik Hubungan Vin-Iif.............................................................163

Gambar 4.24

Grafik Ideal Hubungan Vin-Vagc................................................. 164

Gambar 4.25

Gelombang Output fin=500 Hz.................................................. 166

Gambar 4.26

Gelombang Output fin=700 Hz.................................................. 166

Gambar 4.27

Gelombang Output fin=1000 Hz................................................ 166

Gambar 4.28

Gelombang Output fin= 2000 Hz............................................... 167

Gambar 4.29

Gelombang Output fin= 5000 Hz............................................... 167

Gambar 4.30

Gelombang Output fin= 8000 Hz............................................... 167

Gambar 4.31

Gelombang Output fin= 10.000 Hz............................................ 168

Gambar 4.32

Gelombang Output fin= 11.000 Hz............................................ 168

Gambar 4.33

Gelombang Output fin= 12.500 Hz............................................ 168

Gambar 4.34

Gelombang Output fin= 15 KHz................................................ 169

Gambar 4.35

Grafik Hubungan fin-Tin dan fout-Tout......................................... 170

Gambar 5.1

Gelombang Sinus L dan R........................................................ 180

Gambar 5.2

Gelombang Sinus L+R.............................................................. 180

Gambar 5.3

Gelombang Sinus L - R............................................................. 180

Gambar 5.4

AMDSBSC L dan R.................................................................. 181

Gambar 5.5

Linear Mixer L dan R................................................................ 181

Gambar 5.6

Gelombang Sinus L dan R 3000 Hz.......................................... 181

Gambar 5.7

Gelombang Sinus L+R 3000 Hz............................................... 181

Gambar 5.8

Gelombang Sinus L R 3000 Hz.............................................. 182

Gambar 5.9

AMDSBSC 3000 Hz Gelombang Sinus................................... 182

Gambar 5.10

Linear Mixer 3000 Hz Gelombang Sinus................................. 182

Gambar 5.11

Gelombang Kotak 3000 Hz (L dan R)...................................... 182

Gambar 5.12

Gelombang Kotak 3000 Hz (L + R).......................................... 183

Gambar 5.13

Gelombang Kotak 3000 Hz (L - R)........................................... 183

Gambar 5.14

Gelombang AMDSBSC f=3000 Hz Kotak............................... 183

Gambar 5.15

Gelombang Kotak Linear Mixer f=3000 Hz............................. 183

Gambar 5.16

BPF 38 KHz.............................................................................. 184

Gambar 5.17

Gelombang BPF 19 KHz.......................................................... 184

Gambar 5.18

Gelombang LPF 15 KHz........................................................... 184

Gambar 5.19

Gelombang Sinus BPF 38 KHz................................................. 185

Gambar 5.20

Gelombang Sinus 19 KHz......................................................... 185

Gambar 5.21

Gelombang Sinus LPF 15 KHz................................................. 185

Gambar 5.22

Gelombang Kotak BPF 38 KHz................................................ 185

Gambar 5.23

Gelombang Kotak BPF 19 KHz (f=3000KHz)......................... 186

Gambar 5.24

Gelombang Kotak LPF 15 KHz (f=3000KHz)......................... 186

Gambar 5.25

Gelombang L + R...................................................................... 187

Gambar 5.26

Gelombang L R...................................................................... 187

Gambar 5.27

Gelombang L dan R.................................................................. 187

Gambar 5.28

Gelombang L + R...................................................................... 188

Gambar 5.29

Gelombang L R...................................................................... 188

Gambar 5.30

Gelombang L dan R.................................................................. 188

Gambar 5.31

Gelombang L + R...................................................................... 189

Gambar 5.32

Gelombang L R...................................................................... 189

Gambar 5.33

Gelombang L dan R.................................................................. 189

Gambar 5.34

(a) Rangkaian Penjumlahan (L + R)

(b) Rangkaian Selisih (L R)................................................... 190

Gambar 5.35

Spektrum Sinyal FM Stereo...................................................... 190

Gambar 5.36

Gelombang L+R pada 1500 Hz................................................ 191

Gambar 5.37

Gelombang L+R pada 3000 Hz................................................ 191

Gambar 5.38

Gelombang L+R pada 3000 Hz (Kotak)................................... 192

Gambar 5.39

Sinyal L-R Variasi 1500 Hz...................................................... 192

Gambar 5.40

Sinyal L-R Variasi 3000 Hz Gelombang Sinus......................... 193

Gambar 5.41

Sinyal L-R Variasi 3000 Hz Gelombang Kotak........................ 193

Gambar 5.42

Spektrum AMDSBSC............................................................... 194

Gambar 5.42

AMDSBSC 1500 Hz Gelombang Sinus................................... 195

Gambar 5.44

AMDSBSC 3000 Hz Gelombang Sinus................................... 195

Gambar 5.45

AMDSBSC 3000 Hz Gelombang Kotak................................... 195

Gambar 5.46

Linear Mixer 1500 Hz Gelombang Sinus................................. 197

Gambar 5.47

Linear Mixer 3000 Hz Gelombang Sinus................................. 197

Gambar 5.48

Linear Mixer 3000 Hz Gelombang Kotak................................ 197

Gambar 5.49

Gelombang Sinus BPF 38 KHz (f=1500 Hz)............................ 199

Gambar 5.50

Gelombang Sinus BPF 19 KHz (f=1500 Hz)............................ 199

Gambar 5.51

Gelombang Sinus BPF 38 KHz (f=3000 Hz)............................ 199

Gambar 5.52

Gelombang Sinus BPF 19 KHz (f=3000 Hz)............................ 200

Gambar 5.53

Gelombang Kotak BPF 38 KHz (f=3000 Hz)........................... 200

Gambar 5.54

Gelombang Kotak BPF 19 KHz (f=3000 Hz)........................... 200

Gambar 5.55

Rangkaian BPF.......................................................................... 201

Gambar 5.56

Grafik Ideal Keluaran BPF........................................................ 201

Gambar 5.57

Gelombang LPF 19 KHz 1500 Hz............................................ 202

Gambar 5.58

Gelombang LPF 19 KHz 3000 Hz............................................ 202

Gambar 5.59

Gelombang LPF 19 KHz f=3000 Hz Kotak.............................. 202

Gambar 5.60

Rangkaian LPF.......................................................................... 203

Gambar 5.61

Grafik Ideal Keluaran LPF........................................................ 203

Gambar 6.1

Spektrum AM............................................................................ 206

Gambar 6.2

Spektrum FM............................................................................ 208

Gambar 6.3

Pemancar AM Penguat Daya.................................................... 209

Gambar 6.4

Diagram Blok AM Transmitter Pada Percobaan....................... 210

Gambar 6.5

Rangkaian Diode Balance Modulator....................................... 212

Gambar 6.6

Rangkaian RF Amplifier........................................................... 212

Gambar 6.7

Spectrum Analyzer.................................................................... 214

Gambar 6.8

Sinyal Output Test Signal.......................................................... 217

Gambar 6.9

Sinyal Output Audio Filter........................................................ 217

Gambar 6.10

Gelombang Output Carrier Generator....................................... 218

Gambar 6.11

Gelombang Output Buffer......................................................... 218

Gambar 6.12

Sinyal Output Balance Modulator............................................. 219

Gambar 6.13

Sinyal Keluaran RF Amplifier.................................................. 219

Gambar 6.14

Spektrum AM Balance Modulator............................................ 220

Gambar 6.15

Spektrum AM RF Amplifier...................................................... 220

Gambar 6.16

Spektrum Sinyal Keluaran Radio FM 90,2 MHz...................... 221

Gambar 6.17

Spektrum Keluaran Radio FM 96.1 MHz................................. 221

Gambar 6.18

Spektrum Radio FM 102,4 MHz............................................... 222

Gambar 6.19

Spektrum Radio FM 101,6 MHz............................................... 222

Gambar 6.20

Spektrum Radio FM 101,2 MHz............................................... 223

Gambar 6.21

AM Transmitter......................................................................... 224

Gambar 6.22

Sinyal Output Test Signal.......................................................... 225

Gambar 6.23

Gelombang Output Audio Filter................................................ 226

Gambar 6.24

Gelombang Output Carrier Generator....................................... 227

Gambar 6.25

Sinyal Keluaran Buffer............................................................. 228

Gambar 6.26

Sinyal Output Balance Modulator............................................. 229

Gambar 6.27

Sinyal Keluaran RF Amplifier.................................................. 230

Gambar 6.28

Spektrum AM............................................................................ 233

Gambar 6.29

Spektrum AM Balance Modulator............................................ 234

Gambar 6.30

Spektrum AM RF Amplifier...................................................... 235

Gambar 6.31

Spektrum Sinyal Keluaran Radio FM 90,2 MHz...................... 237

Gambar 6.32

Spektrum Keluaran Radio FM 96,1 MHz................................. 238

Gambar 6.33

Spektrum Radio FM 102,4 MHz............................................... 239

Gambar 6.34

Spektrum Radio FM 101,6 MHz............................................... 240

Gambar 6.35

Spektrum Radio FM 101,2 MHz............................................... 241

DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2. 1

Data Percobaan Sinyal Sinus.................................................... 30

Tabel 2. 2

Data Percobaan Sinyal Pulsa..................................................... 35

Tabel 2. 3

Data Percobaan Sinyal Kotak.................................................... 37

Tabel 2. 4

Data Percobaan Sinyal Segitiga................................................ 39

Tabel 2. 5

Data Percobaan Sinyal Gigi Gergaji......................................... 41

Tabel 2. 6

Hasil Perhitungan Frekuensi..................................................... 45

Tabel 2. 7

Hasil Perhitungan dan Pengukuran........................................... 46

Tabel 2. 8

Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Periode Sinyal Sinus........... 46

Tabel 2. 9

Perbandingan Frekuensi............................................................ 47

Tabel 2. 10

Amplitudo Hitung dan Ukur..................................................... 47

Tabel 2. 11

Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Periode Duty Cycle 25%..... 48

Tabel 2. 12

Analisa Duty Cycle 50%........................................................... 49

Tabel 2. 13

Hasil Perhitungan Amplitudo.................................................... 49

Tabel 2. 14

Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Periode Duty Cycle 50%..... 50

Tabel 2. 15

Frekuensi Duty Cycle 75%....................................................... 51

Tabel 2. 16

Amplitudo Duty Cycle 75%...................................................... 51

Tabel 2. 17

Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Periode Duty Cycle 75%..... 52

Tabel 2. 18

Perbandingan Duty Cycle Perhitungan dan Pengukuran.......... 53

Tabel 2. 19

Hasil Perhitungan dan Frekuensi.............................................. 54

Tabel 2. 20

Perhitungan Amplitudo Kotak................................................... 54

Tabel 2. 21

Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Periode Sinyal Kotak.......... 55

Tabel 2. 22

Hasil Frekuensi Sinyal Segitiga................................................ 56

Tabel 2. 23

Amplitudo Sinyal Segitiga........................................................ 56

Tabel 2. 24

Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Periode Sinyal Segitiga....... 57

Tabel 2. 25

Frekuensi Sinyal Gergaji........................................................... 58

Tabel 2. 26

Hasil Perhitungan Amplitudo.................................................... 58

Tabel 2. 27

Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Periode Sinyal Gigi Gergaji 59

Tabel 2. 28

Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Indeks Modulasi AM........... 61

Tabel 2. 29

Perbandingan Hitung dan Ukur................................................. 65

Tabel 2. 30

Spektrum Kotak Hitung dan Percobaan.................................... 67

Tabel 4.1

Linearitas Modulator, Demodulator dan AFC........................... 151

Tabel 4.2

AGC.......................................................................................... 151

Tabel 4.3

Modulasi Sinyal Sinus............................................................... 151

Tabel 4.4

Linearitas Modulator, Demodulator dan AFC........................... 152

Tabel 4.5

Vinput dan frekuensi.................................................................... 153

Tabel 4.6

Vinput dan Vaudio........................................................................ 154

Tabel 4.7

Vinput dan Vafc.............................................................................. 156

Tabel 4.8

Vaudio dan frekuensi.................................................................... 157

Tabel 4.9

Vafc dan frekuensi......................................................................159

Tabel 4.10

Vafc dan Vaudio............................................................................. 160

Tabel 4.11

Hasil Percobaan AGC............................................................... 162

Tabel 4.12

Nilai Vin dan Iif........................................................................... 162

Tabel 4.13

Nilai Vagc dan Vinput.................................................................... 163

Tabel 4.14

Data Percobaan Modulasi Sinyal Sinus.................................... 165

Tabel 4.15

Data Percobaan Fout dan Fin........................................................ 169

Tabel 5.1

Data Percobaan Multiplexer...................................................... 180

Tabel 5.2

Data Percobaan BPF dan LPF................................................... 184

Tabel 5.3

Data Percobaan Demultiplexer................................................. 187

Tabel 5.4

Data Percobaan L+R dan L-R................................................... 191

Tabel 5.5

Data Percobaan AMDSBSC...................................................... 194

Tabel 5.6

Data Percobaan Linier Mixer.................................................... 198

Tabel 5.7

Perbandingan Multiplexer dan Demultiplexer.......................... 204

Tabel 6.1

Perbandingan V & f AM Transmitter........................................ 231

Tabel 6.2

Perbandingan Spektrum Radio FM........................................... 242

ABSTRAK
Pada era globalisasi ini, telekomunikasi memegan peranan penting dalam kehidupan.
Teknik teknik yang digunakan dalam penyampaian informasi pun semakin berkembang karena
semakin lama dibutuhkan cara penyampaian informasi yang lebih cepat dan reliable. Informasi
kini dapat disampaikan ke tempat yang jauh dalam waktu yang cepat dan tidak mengalami
perubahan isi informasi yang ingin disampaikan. Oleh sebab itu sangat penting untuk
mempelajari sistem sistem yang digunakan dalam telekomunikasi ini sehingga Praktikum Dasar
Sistem Telekomunikasi ini akan menjadi bekal yang penting bagi mahasiswa.
Dalam laporan ini akan dibahas mengenai laporan praktikum dasar sistem telekomunikasi
yang telah dilakukan oleh penulis. Praktikum pertama membahas mengenai Analisa Spektrum
Sinyal. Dalam praktikum ini penulis akan Mengamati dan menganalisis spektrum dari berbagai
bentuk sinyal (sinus, kotak, segitiga, gigi gergaji). Praktikum kedua membahas mengenai
Amplitudo Modulation. Pada praktikum ini penulis diarahkan untuk Memahami pembangkitan,
pendeteksian, bentuk, dan spektrum sinyal -sinyal AM (AMDSBFC dan AMDSBSC). Praktikum
ketiga membahas mengenai Frequency Modulation. Praktikum ini bertujuan untuk Memahami
pembangkitan dan pendeteksian sinyal FM. Praktikum keempat adalah MPX FM Stereo dengan
FDM. Pada praktikum ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengolahan sinyal sinyal audio
stereo menjadi sinyal yang siap dipancarkan. Praktikum kelima adalah Spektrum AM dan FM.
Pada praktikum ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengamati serta mempelajari spektrum AM dan FM.
Praktikum Dasar Sistem Telekomunikasi 2012 ini merupakan suatu pembekalan awal
untuk mempelajari mengenai sistem telekomunikasi lebih lanjut. Diharapkan setelah praktikum ini
para praktikan dapat lebih menguasai dasar dasar yang digunakan dalam sistem
telekomunikasi.
Kata Kunci : praktikum dasar sistem telekomunikasi, sinyal, modulasi, Amplitudo, Frequency,
AM, FM, Multiplexer, FDM, Spektrum.