Protozoa
Entamoeba histolytica
Bentuk Trophozoite
Aktif bergerak
Ukuran 10-60 mikron
Mati di luar tubuh
Bentuk
Kista/Vegetatif
Tidak bergerak
Ukuran 5 20 mikron
Mati dengan pengeringan
atau pemanasan
Tahan hidup selama 2
bulan di air
Tidak mati dengan chlor
Tahan thd desinfektan
Pada feses tahan hingga
12 hari
Penularan E. histolytica
Penyakit disentri amoeba (akut/kronis) pada manusia, anjing,
kucing, dan babi.
Melalui makanan/minuman terkontaminasi kista dari feses
penderita/karier penularan dalam satu keluarga
Vektor: lalat rumah(Musca domestica), kecoa (Blatta orientalis,
B. germanica, Perplaneta americana).
Feses sebagai pupuk tanaman, sayuran dicuci dengan air
terkontaminasi feses.
Wabah: air minum tercemar fese terutama waktu hujan
Infeksi nosokomia di RS.
Plasmodium sp.
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxplasma gondii needs two hosts to
complete its life cycle.
The definitive hosts are domestic cat
and other members of the family
Felidae such as bob cats, ocelots,
Bengal tigers, mountain lion, etc.
The sexual multiplication or
gametogony (the intestinal cycle)
take place in the epithelial cells of the
small intestine. The oocysts are
passed in the unsporulated form in
the faeces.
The intermediate hosts are human
and mice and other non-feline hosts
(e.g., goat, sheep, pig, cattle, etc.).
The asexual multiplication or
sporogony (the extra-intestinal cycle)
occurs in the extra-intestinal tissue.
Penularan Toxoplasma
gondii
Human infection may be acquired in several
ways:
a) ingestion of undercooked infected meat
containing Toxoplasma cysts;
b) ingestion of the oocyst from fecally
contaminated hands or food and water;
c) organ transplantation or blood transfusion;
d) transplacental transmission;
e) accidental inoculation of tachyzoites.