45. Bacalah apa yang telah diwahyukan kepadamu, yaitu Al Kitab (Al-
Qur'an) dan dirikanlah shalat. ***Sesungguhnya shalat itu mencegah
dari (perbuatan-perbuatan) keji dan mungkar***. Dan sesungguhnya
mengingat Allah (shalat) adalah lebih besar (keutamaannya dari ibadat-
ibadat yang lain). Dan Allah mengetahui apa yang kamu kerjakan.
Tafsir Tabari
ﺧﺘَﻠَﻒَ أَھْﻞ اﻟﺘﱠﺄْوِﯾﻞ ﻓِﻲ َﻣﻌْﻨَﻰ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة اﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ذُ ِﻛ َﺮتْ ﻓِﻲ ھَﺬَا
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْ ُﻤ ْﻨﻜَﺮ { اِ ْ
إِنﱠ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة ﺗَﻨْﮭَﻰ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
ﺼﻠَﺎة .ذِﻛْﺮ
ﻲ ﺑِﮭَﺎ اﻟْﻘُﺮْآن اﱠﻟﺬِي ﯾُﻘْﺮَأ ﻓِﻲ ﻣَﻮْﺿِﻊ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة َ ,أوْ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠ
اﻟْﻤَﻮْﺿِﻊ ,ﻓَﻘَﺎلَ ﺑَﻌْﻀﮭ ْﻢ :ﻋُ ِﻨ َ
ﻦ أَﺑِﯿ ِﮫ ,ﻋَﻦْ
ل :ﺛَﻨَﺎ ِاﺑْﻦ َﯾﻤَﺎن ,ﻋَﻦْ أَﺑِﻲ اﻟْﻮَﻓَﺎء ,ﻋَ ْ
ﻚ - 21155 :ﺣَ ﱠﺪﺛَﻨَﺎ َأﺑُﻮ ﻛُﺮَﯾْﺐ ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ﻣَﻦْ ﻗَﺎلَ ذَﻟِ َ
ل :ا ْﻟﻘُﺮْآن اﱠﻟﺬِي ﯾُﻘْﺮَأ ﻓِﻲ اﻟْﻤَﺴَﺎﺟِﺪ .وَﻗَﺎلَ
ﻋﻤَﺮ } إِنﱠ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة ﺗَ ْﻨﮭَﻰ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَﺤْﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْ ُﻤﻨْﻜَﺮ { ﻗَﺎ َ
ِاﺑْﻦ ُ
ﻋﺒْﺪ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ,
ل َ :ﺛﻨَﺎ َ
ﺼﻠَﺎة .ذِﻛْﺮ ﻣَﻦْ ﻗَﺎلَ ذَﻟِﻚَ - 21156 :ﺣَﺪﱠﺛﻨﻲ ﻋَﻠِﻲّ ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ن :ﺑَﻞْ ﻋُ ِﻨﻲَ ِﺑﮭَﺎ اﻟ ﱠ
ﺧﺮُو َ
آَ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْﻤُ ْﻨﻜَﺮ {
ﻋﺒﱠﺎس ,ﻗَﻮْﻟﮫ } ِإنﱠ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة ﺗَﻨْﮭَﻰ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْ َﻔ ْ
ﻦ ِاﺑْﻦ َ
ﻲ ,ﻋَ ْ
ل :ﺛﻨﻲ ﻣُﻌَﺎ ِوﯾَﺔ ,ﻋَﻦْ ﻋَﻠِ ّ
ﻗَﺎ َ
ل:
ﺴﯿْﻦ ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ل َ :ﺛﻨَﺎ ا ْﻟﺤُ َ
ﯾَﻘُﻮل :ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة ﻣُﻨْﺘَﮭًﻰ وَﻣُ ْﺰدَﺟَﺮ ﻋَﻦْ َﻣﻌَﺎﺻِﻲ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ * .ﺣَ ﱠﺪﺛَﻨَﺎ اﻟْﻘَﺎﺳِﻢ ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ﻋﺒﱠﺎس ,ﻓِﻲ ﻗَﻮْل اﻟﻠﱠﮫ } إِنﱠ
ﺴﯿﱢﺐ ,ﻋَﻤﱠﻦْ َذﻛَ َﺮ ُه ,ﻋَﻦْ اِﺑْﻦ َ
ﻋﺒْﺪ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ,ﻋَﻦْ ا ْﻟﻌَﻠَﺎء ﺑْﻦ اﻟْﻤُ َ
َﺛﻨَﺎ ﺧَﺎﻟِﺪ ﺑْﻦ َ
ﺼﻠَﺎﺗِﮫِ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَا ْﻟﻤُ ْﻨﻜَﺮ َﻟﻢْ ﯾَﺰْ َد ْد ﺑِ َ
ﺻﻠَﺎﺗﮫ ﻋَﻦْ ا ْﻟﻔَ ْ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَا ْﻟ ُﻤﻨْﻜَﺮ { ﻣَﻦْ َﻟﻢْ ﺗَ ْﻨ َﮭﮫُ َ
اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة ﺗَﻨْﮭَﻰ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
ل :ﻗَﺎلَ اﻟْﻌَﻠَﺎء
ﺴﯿْﻦ ,ﻗَﺎلَ :ﺛَﻨَﺎ ﺧَﺎﻟِﺪ ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ﺤَل َ :ﺛﻨَﺎ اﻟْ ُ
ﻣِﻦْ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ِإﻟﱠﺎ ﺑُ ْﻌﺪًا - 21157 .ﺣَ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ اﻟْﻘَﺎﺳِﻢ ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ل :ﻓَﺈِﱠﻧﮭَﺎ ﻟَﺎ
ﻦ َﻣﺴْﻌُﻮد ,إِنﱠ ﻓُﻠَﺎﻧًﺎ ﻛَﺜِﯿﺮ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ﻞ ﻟِﺎﺑْ ِ
ل :ﻗِﯿ َ
ﺴﯿﱢﺐ ,ﻋَﻦْ ﺳَﻤُﺮَة ﺑْﻦ ﻋَﻄِﯿﱠﺔ ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ﺑْﻦ اﻟْ ُﻤ َ
ﻦ ﻣَﺎﻟِﻚ ﺑْﻦ
ل َ :ﺛﻨَﺎ أَﺑُﻮ ُﻣﻌَﺎ ِوﯾَﺔ ,ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﺄَﻋْﻤَﺶ ,ﻋَ ْ
ﺴﯿْﻦ ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ﺤََﺗﻨْﻔَﻊ إِﻟﱠﺎ ﻣَﻦْ َأﻃَﺎﻋَﮭَﺎ * .ﻗَﺎلَ َﺛﻨَﺎ اﻟْ ُ
ف,
ﺻﻠَﺎﺗﮫ ﺑِﺎﻟْ َﻤﻌْﺮُو ِ
ل :ﻣَﻦْ َﻟﻢْ َﺗ ْﺄﻣُﺮ ُه َ
ﻦ اِﺑْﻦ ﻣَﺴْﻌُﻮد ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ﻋﺒْﺪ اﻟﺮﱠﺣْﻤَﻦ ﺑْﻦ ﯾَﺰِﯾﺪ ,ﻋَ ْ
ا ْﻟﺤَﺎرِث ,ﻋَﻦْ َ
وَﺗَﻨْ َﮭﮫُ ﻋَﻦْ ا ْﻟﻤُ ْﻨﻜَﺮ َ ,ﻟ ْﻢ ﯾَ ْﺰدَ ْد ِﺑﮭَﺎ ﻣِﻦْ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ِإﻟﱠﺎ ُﺑ ْﻌﺪًا - 21158 .ﻗَﺎلَ َﺛﻨَﺎ ا ْﻟﺤُﺴَﯿْﻦ ,ﻗَﺎلَ َ :ﺛﻨَﺎ ﻋَﻠِﻲّ ﺑْﻦ
ﺴﻌُﻮد ,ﻋَﻦْ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِﻲّ ﺻَﻠﱠﻰ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻋَﻠَ ْﯿﮫِ َوﺳَﻠﱠﻢَ
ﻀﺤﱠﺎك ,ﻋَﻦْ ِاﺑْﻦ ﻣَ ْ
ھَﺎﺷِﻢ ﺑْﻦ ا ْﻟﺒَﺮِﯾﺪ ,ﻋَﻦْ ﺟُ َﻮ ْﯾﺒِﺮ ,ﻋَﻦْ اﻟ ﱠ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَا ْﻟﻤُ ْﻨﻜَﺮ " ﻗَﺎلَ
ﻦ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
ﺼﻠَﺎة ,وَﻃَﺎﻋَﺔ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة أَنْ ﺗَﻨْﮭَﻰ ﻋَ ْ
ﺻﻠَﺎة ِﻟﻤَﻦْ َﻟﻢْ ﯾُﻄِﻊْ اﻟ ﱠ
ل " :ﻟَﺎ َ
َأﻧﱠﮫُ ﻗَﺎ َ
ل :ﻓَﻘَﺎ َل ﺳُ ْﻔﯿَﺎن :إِي وَاَﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﺗَﺄْﻣُﺮهُ
ﺷﻌَﯿْﺐ َأﺻَﻠَﺎﺗﻚ ﺗَﺄْﻣُﺮك { 87 11ﻗَﺎ َ
:ﻗَﺎ َل ﺳُ ْﻔﯿَﺎن } ﻗَﺎﻟُﻮا ﯾَﺎ ُ
ل :ﻗَﺎلَ َرﺳُﻮل اﻟﻠﱠﮫ
ﺤﺴَﻦ ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ﺳﻤَﺎﻋِﯿﻞ ﺑْﻦ ُﻣﺴْﻠِﻢ ,ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْ َ
ﻲ َ :وﺣَ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ ِإ ْ
ل ﻋَﻠِ ّ
َو َﺗﻨْﮭَﺎ ُه - 21159 .ﻗَﺎ َ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَا ْﻟﻤُﻨْﻜَﺮ َﻟﻢْ َﯾﺰِدْ ﺑِﮭَﺎ ﻣِﻦْ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ إِﻟﱠﺎ ﺑُﻌْﺪًا
ﺻَﻠﱠﻰ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻋَﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ َوﺳَﱠﻠﻢَ " :ﻣَﻦْ ﺻَﻠﱠﻰ ﺻَﻠَﺎة ﻟَﻢْ َﺗﻨْﮭَﮫُ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْ َﻔ ْ
ﺤﺴَﻦ ,ﻗَﺎلَ :اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة ِإذَا ﻟَ ْﻢ ﺗَﻨْ َﮭ ُﮫ ﻋَﻦْ
ﻋﻦْ اﻟْ َ
ل َ :ﺛﻨَﺎ ِاﺑْﻦ ﻋُﻠَﯿﱠﺔ ,ﻋَﻦْ ﯾُﻮﻧُﺲ َ ,
" * .ﺣَﺪﱠﺛﻨﻲ ﯾَﻌْﻘُﻮب ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْﻤُﻨْﻜَﺮ ,ﻟَﻢْ ﯾَ ْﺰدَدْ ﻣِﻦْ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ إِﻟﱠﺎ ُﺑﻌْﺪًا * .
ﻦ ﻟَﻢْ ﺗَﻨْ َﮭﮫُ ﺻَﻠَﺎﺗﮫ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْ َﻔ ْ
ل :ﻣَ ْ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَا ْﻟ ُﻤﻨْﻜَﺮ ,ﻗَﺎ َ
اﻟْﻔَ ْ
ﺤﺴَﻦ ,ﻗَﺎﻟَﺎ :ﻣَﻦْ ﻟَﻢْ َﺗﻨْ َﮭﮫُ ﺻَﻠَﺎﺗﮫ ﻋَﻦْ
ﺳﻌِﯿﺪ ,ﻋَﻦْ َﻗﺘَﺎدَة وَا ْﻟ َ
ل َ :ﺛﻨَﺎ َ
ل َ :ﺛﻨَﺎ ﯾَﺰِﯾﺪ ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ﺣَﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ ِﺑﺸْﺮ ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ﻚ إِﻟﱠﺎ ُﺑﻌْﺪًا .وَاﻟﺼﱠﻮَاب ﻣِﻦْ اﻟْ َﻘﻮْل ﻓِﻲ ذَِﻟﻚَ أَنﱠ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة
اﻟْ َﻔﺤْﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْ ُﻤﻨْﻜَﺮ ,ﻓَﺈِﱠﻧﮫُ ﻟَﺎ َﯾﺰْدَاد ﻣِﻦْ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﺑِﺬَﻟِ َ
ﻒ ﺗَﻨْﮭَﻰ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْ ُﻤﻨْﻜَﺮ ,ﻛَﻤَﺎ ﻗَﺎلَ ِاﺑْﻦ ﻋَﺒﱠﺎس وَاﺑْﻦ َﻣﺴْﻌُﻮد .ﻓَﺈِنْ ﻗَﺎلَ ﻗَﺎﺋِﻞ َ :وﻛَﯿْ َ
ﺗَﻨْﮭَﻰ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
ﻞ :ﺗَ ْﻨﮭَﻰ ﻣَﻦْ ﻛَﺎنَ ﻓِﯿﮭَﺎ ,
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْﻤُ ْﻨﻜَﺮ إِنْ َﻟﻢْ َﯾﻜُﻦْ َﻣﻌْﻨِﯿﺎ ﺑِﮭَﺎ ﻣَﺎ ﯾُﺘْﻠَﻰ ﻓِﯿﮭَﺎ ؟ ﻗِﯿ َ
ﺼﻠَﺎة ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
اﻟ ﱠ
ﺸﻐْﻞ ﺑِﺎﻟْﻤُ ْﻨﻜَﺮِ ,وَﻟِﺬَﻟِﻚَ ﻗَﺎلَ ِاﺑْﻦ
ﻓَﺘَﺤُﻮل ﺑَﯿْﻨﮫ وَﺑَﯿْﻦ إِﺗْﯿَﺎن اﻟْﻔَﻮَاﺣِﺶ ِ ,ﻟﺄَنﱠ ﺷُﻐْﻠﮫ ﺑِﮭَﺎ َﯾﻘْﻄَﻌﮫُ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟ ﱡ
ﺤﺪُودِھَﺎ
ﻦ ﻟَﻢْ ُﯾﻄِ ْﻊ ﺻَﻠَﺎﺗﮫ َﻟﻢْ َﯾﺰْ َددْ ﻣِﻦْ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ إِﻟﱠﺎ ﺑُﻌْﺪًا .وَ َذﻟِﻚَ أَنﱠ ﻃَﺎﻋَﺘﮫ َﻟﮭَﺎ ِإﻗَﺎﻣَﺘﮫ إِﯾﱠﺎھَﺎ ﺑِ ُ
ﻣَﺴْﻌُﻮد :ﻣَ ْ
ل َ :ﺛﻨَﺎ
,وَﻓِﻲ ﻃَﺎﻋَﺘﮫ َﻟﮭَﺎ ﻣُ ْﺰدَﺟَﺮ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَﺤْﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْﻤُ ْﻨﻜَﺮ - 21160 .ﺣَ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َأﺑُﻮ ﺣُﻤَﯿْﺪ ا ْﻟﺤِ ْﻤﺼِﻲّ ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ن اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة َﺗﻨْﮭَﻰ ﻋَﻦْ
ﻦ ِاﺑْﻦ ﻋَﻮْن ,ﻓِﻲ ﻗَﻮْل اﻟﻠﱠﮫ } إِ ﱠ
ل َ :ﺛﻨَﺎ َأ َرﻃْﺄَة ,ﻋَ ْ
ﺳﻌِﯿﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻌﻄﱠﺎر ,ﻗَﺎ َ
ﺤﯿَﻰ ﺑْﻦ َ
ﯾَ ْ
ﺤﺸَﺎء
ل ِ :إذَا ﻛُﻨْﺖ ﻓِﻲ ﺻَﻠَﺎة َ ,ﻓﺄَﻧْﺖَ ﻓِﻲ َﻣﻌْﺮُوف ,وَ َﻗﺪْ ﺣَﺠَﺰَﺗْﻚ ﻋَﻦْ ا ْﻟﻔَ ْ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْ ُﻤ ْﻨﻜَﺮ { ﻗَﺎ َ
اﻟْ َﻔ ْ
ﺣﺸَﺔ َأ ْو ﻋَﺼَﻰ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻓِﻲ
ﺤﺸَﺎء ُ :ھﻮَ اﻟﺰﱢﻧَﺎ .وَاﻟْﻤُ ْﻨﻜَﺮ َ :ﻣﻌَﺎﺻِﻲ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ .وَﻣَﻦْ أَﺗَﻰ ﻓَﺎ ِ
وَاﻟْﻤُ ْﻨﻜَﺮ ,وَاﻟْﻔَ ْ
ﺻﻠَﺎة ﻟَﮫُ
ﺻﻠَﺎﺗﮫ َ ,ﻓﻠَﺎ ﺷَﻚّ أَ ﱠﻧﮫُ ﻟَﺎ َ
ﺻﻠَﺎﺗﮫ ﺑِﻤَﺎ ﯾُﻔْﺴِﺪ َ
َ
Tafsir Ibn Katsir
ن
س " وَأَ ِﻗﻢْ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة إِ ﱠ
ُﺛﻢﱠ ﻗَﺎلَ ﺗَﻌَﺎﻟَﻰ آ ِﻣﺮًا َرﺳُﻮﻟﮫ وَا ْﻟﻤُ ْﺆ ِﻣﻨِﯿﻦَ ِﺑﺘِﻠَﺎ َوةِ اﻟْ ُﻘﺮْآن َوھُﻮَ ِﻗﺮَاءَﺗﮫ وَِإﺑْﻠَﺎﻏﮫ ﻟِﻠﻨﱠﺎ ِ
ﻦ ﻋَﻠَﻰ
ﺷﯿْ َﺌﯿْ ِ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْ ُﻤ ْﻨﻜَﺮ وَﻟَﺬِﻛْﺮُ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ أَﻛْﺒَﺮ " ﯾَﻌْﻨِﻲ أَنﱠ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة ﺗَﺸْﺘَﻤِﻞ ﻋَﻠَﻰ َ
اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة ﺗَﻨْﮭَﻰ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
ﻦ رِوَاﯾَﺔ
ﻚ وَﻗَ ْﺪ ﺟَﺎءَ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﺤَﺪِﯾﺚ ﻣِ ْ
ي ﻣُﻮَاﻇَﺒَﺘﮭَﺎ َﺗﺤْﻤِﻞ ﻋَﻠَﻰ ﺗَﺮْك ذَﻟِ َ
َﺗﺮْك اﻟْﻔَﻮَاﺣِﺶ وَا ْﻟﻤُﻨْ َﻜﺮَات أَ ْ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْ ُﻤﻨْﻜَﺮ ﻟَﻢْ ﺗُﺰِدْ ُه ﻣِﻦْ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ إِﻟﱠﺎ ُﺑﻌْﺪًا"
ﻦ ﻟَﻢْ َﺗﻨْ َﮭﮫُ ﺻَﻠَﺎﺗﮫ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
ﻋﺒﱠﺎس ﻣَﺮْﻓُﻮﻋًﺎ " ﻣَ ْ
ﻋﻤْﺮَان وَاﺑْﻦ َ
ِ
ﺨﺮﱢﻣِﻲّ اﻟْﻔَﻠﱠﺎس
ل ِاﺑْﻦ َأﺑِﻲ ﺣَﺎﺗِﻢ ﺣَ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ ﻣُﺤَﻤﱠﺪ ﺑْﻦ ھَﺎرُون اﻟْ ُﻤ َ
ِ " .ذﻛْﺮ اﻟْﺂﺛَﺎر اﻟْﻮَارِدَة ﻓِﻲ ذَِﻟﻚَ " ﻗَﺎ َ
ﻋﺒْﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮﺣْﻤَﻦ ﺑْﻦ ﻧَﺎﻓِﻊ َأﺑُﻮ ِزﯾَﺎد ﺣَﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ ﻋُﻤَﺮ ﺑْﻦ َأﺑِﻲ ﻋُﺜْﻤَﺎن ﺣَﺪﱠﺛَﻨَﺎ اﻟْﺤَﺴَﻦ ﻋَﻦْ ﻋِ ْﻤﺮَان ﺑْﻦ
ﺣَﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ َ
ﺤﺸَﺎء
ﺳﺌِﻞَ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِﻲّ ﺻَﻠﱠﻰ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻋَﻠَ ْﯿﮫِ َوﺳَﻠﱠﻢَ ﻋَﻦْ ﻗَﻮْل اﻟﻠﱠﮫ " إِنﱠ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة ﺗَﻨْﮭَﻰ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
ﺼﯿْﻦ ﻗَﺎلَ ُ
ﺣُ َ
ﺴﯿْﻦ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَا ْﻟ ُﻤﻨْﻜَﺮ ﻓَﻠَﺎ ﺻَﻠَﺎة َﻟﮫُ " وَﺣَ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ ﻋَﻠِﻲّ ﺑْﻦ اﻟْﺤُ َ
ل " ﻣَﻦْ ﻟَﻢْ ﺗَﻨْ َﮭﮫُ ﺻَﻠَﺎﺗﮫ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
وَاﻟْ ُﻤ ْﻨﻜَﺮ " ﻗَﺎ َ
ل:
ﻋﺒﱠﺎس ﻗَﺎ َ
ﻦ اِﺑْﻦ َ
ﻦ ﻃَﺎوُس ﻋَ ْ
ﻦ َﻟﯿْﺚ ﻋَ ْ
ﺣَﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ َﯾﺤْﯿَﻰ ﺑْﻦ أَﺑِﻲ ﻃَﻠْﺤَﺔ ا ْﻟﯿَ ْﺮﺑُﻮﻋِﻲّ ﺣَ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َأﺑُﻮ ﻣُﻌَﺎ ِوﯾَﺔ ﻋَ ْ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْ ُﻤﻨْﻜَﺮ ﻟَ ْﻢ َﯾﺰْدَدْ ﺑِﮭَﺎ ﻣِﻦْ
ﻦ ﻟَﻢْ ﺗَﻨْﮭَ ُﮫ ﺻَﻠَﺎﺗﮫ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
ل َرﺳُﻮل اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﺻَﻠﱠﻰ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻋَﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ َوﺳَﻠﱠﻢَ " ﻣَ ْ
ﻗَﺎ َ
ﺴﯿْﻦ
ﺤَل ِاﺑْﻦ ﺟَﺮِﯾﺮ ﺣَﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ اﻟْﻘَﺎﺳِﻢ ﺣَ ﱠﺪﺛَﻨَﺎ اﻟْ ُ
ﻲ ﻣِﻦْ ﺣَﺪِﯾﺚ َأﺑِﻲ ﻣُﻌَﺎ ِوﯾَﺔ .وَﻗَﺎ َ
ﻄﺒَﺮَاﻧِ ّ
اﻟﻠﱠﮫ إِﻟﱠﺎ ﺑُ ْﻌﺪًا " رَوَاهُ اﻟ ﱠ
ن اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة
ﻋﺒﱠﺎس ﻓِﻲ ﻗَﻮْﻟﮫ " إِ ﱠ
ﻦ ِاﺑْﻦ َ
ﺴﯿﱢﺐ ﻋَﻤﱠﻦْ َذﻛَ َﺮهُ ﻋَ ْ
ﻋﺒْﺪ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻋَﻦْ ا ْﻟﻌَﻠَﺎء ﺑْﻦ اﻟْﻤُ َ
ﺣَﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ ﺧَﺎﻟِﺪ ﺑْﻦ َ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَا ْﻟ ُﻤﻨْﻜَﺮ " ﻗَﺎلَ َﻓﻤَﻦْ ﻟَﻢْ ﺗَﺄْﻣُﺮهُ ﺻَﻠَﺎﺗﮫ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻤَ ْﻌﺮُوفِ وَﺗَﻨْ َﮭﮫُ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﻨﻜَﺮ ﻟَﻢْ َﯾﺰْدَدْ
ﺗَﻨْﮭَﻰ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
ﺴﯿْﻦ ﺣَ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ ﻋَﻠِﻲّ
ﺤَﺟﺮِﯾﺮ َوﺣَﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ اﻟْﻘَﺎﺳِﻢ ﺣَﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ ا ْﻟ ُ
ِﺑﺼَﻠَﺎ ِﺗﮫِ ﻣِﻦْ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ إِﻟﱠﺎ ُﺑﻌْﺪًا َ .ﻓﮭَﺬَا ﻣَﻮْﻗُﻮف .ﻗَﺎلَ ِاﺑْﻦ َ
ﺴﻌُﻮد ﻋَﻦْ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِﻲّ ﺻَﻠﱠﻰ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻋَﻠَﯿْﮫِ َوﺳَﻠﱠ َﻢ أَ ﱠﻧﮫُ
ﻀﺤﱠﺎك ﻋَﻦْ اِﺑْﻦ َﻣ ْ
ﺑْﻦ ھَﺎﺷِﻢ ﺑْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺮِﯾﺪ ﻋَﻦْ ﺟُ َﻮﯾْﺒِﺮ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟ ﱠ
ل :ﻗَﺎلَ
ﻄﻊْ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة " َوﻃَﺎﻋَﺔ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة أَنْ ﺗَﻨْﮭَﺎهُ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَﺤْﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْ ُﻤﻨْﻜَﺮ .ﻗَﺎ َ
ﻗَﺎلَ " ﻟَﺎ ﺻَﻠَﺎة ِﻟﻤَﻦْ َﻟﻢْ ﯾُ ِ
ل ِاﺑْﻦ أَﺑِﻲ
ﺳُ ْﻔﯿَﺎن" ﻗَﺎﻟُﻮا ﯾَﺎ ﺷُ َﻌﯿْﺐ َأﺻَﻠَﺎﺗﻚ ﺗَﺄْﻣُﺮك " ﻗَﺎلَ ﻓَﻘَﺎلَ ﺳُ ْﻔﯿَﺎن إِي وَاَﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﺗَﺄْﻣُﺮهُ َو َﺗﻨْﮭَﺎ ُه .وَﻗَﺎ َ
ل :ﻗَﺎلَ
ﻦ ﻋَﺒْﺪ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻗَﺎ َ
ﺞ ﺣَ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َأﺑُﻮ ﺧَﺎﻟِﺪ ﻋَﻦْ ﺟُ َﻮ ْﯾﺒِﺮ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟﻀﱠﺤﱠﺎك ﻋَ ْ
ﺣَﺎﺗِﻢ ﺣَﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ َأﺑُﻮ ﺳَﻌِﯿﺪ اﻟْﺄَﺷَ ّ
ﻦ ﻟَﻢْ ُﯾﻄِ ْﻊ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة
ﻋﺒْﺪ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ " ﻟَﺎ ﺻَﻠَﺎة ﻟِﻤَ ْ
ﻦ َ
ل َأﺑُﻮ ﺧَﺎﻟِﺪ ﻣَﺮﱠة ﻋَ ْ
َرﺳُﻮل اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﺻَﻠﱠﻰ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻋَﻠَ ْﯿﮫِ َوﺳَﻠﱠ َﻢ وَﻗَﺎ َ
ﻦ ﻣَﺎﻟِﻚ ﺑْﻦ
َوﻃَﺎﻋَﺔ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة َﺗﻨْﮭَﺎهُ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْ َﻔﺤْﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْ ُﻤﻨْﻜَﺮ " وَا ْﻟﻤَﻮْﻗُﻮف َأﺻَﺢّ َﻛﻤَﺎ رَوَاهُ اﻟْﺄَﻋْﻤَﺶ ﻋَ ْ
ن اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة ﻟَﺎ َﺗﻨْﻔَﻊ
ل إِ ﱠ
ﻞ ﻟِ َﻌﺒْﺪِ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ إِنﱠ ﻓُﻠَﺎﻧًﺎ ُﯾﻄِﯿﻞ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة ﻗَﺎ َ
ﻦ ﻋَﺒْﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮﺣْﻤَﻦ ﺑْﻦ ﯾَﺰِﯾﺪ ﻗَﺎلَ ﻗِﯿ َ
ا ْﻟﺤَﺎرِث ﻋَ ْ
ل :ﻗَﺎلَ
ﺳﻤَﺎﻋِﯿﻞ ﺑْﻦ ُﻣﺴْﻠِﻢ ﻋَﻦْ ا ْﻟﺤَﺴَﻦ ﻗَﺎ َ
ﻋﮭَﺎ :وَﻗَﺎلَ ِاﺑْﻦ ﺟَﺮِﯾﺮ ﺣَﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ ﻋَﻠِﻲّ ﺣَ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ ِإ ْ
ﻦ َأﻃَﺎ َ
إِﻟﱠﺎ ﻣَ ْ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْﻤُﻨْﻜَﺮ ﻟَﻢْ َﯾﺰْدَدْ ﺑِﮭَﺎ ﻣِﻦْ
َرﺳُﻮل اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﺻَﻠﱠﻰ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻋَﻠَ ْﯿﮫِ َوﺳَﻠﱠ َﻢ " ﻣَﻦْ ﺻَﻠﱠﻰ ﺻَﻠَﺎة َﻟﻢْ ﺗَﻨْ َﮭﮫُ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
ﺤﺴَﻦ وَ َﻗﺘَﺎدَة
ﻋﺒﱠﺎس وَا ْﻟ َ
ﻦ ِاﺑْﻦ ﻣَﺴْﻌُﻮد وَاﺑْﻦ َ
اﻟﻠﱠﮫ إِﻟﱠﺎ ﺑُﻌْﺪًا " وَاﻟَْﺄﺻَﺢّ ﻓِﻲ َھﺬَا ﻛُﻠّﮫ اﻟْﻤَﻮْﻗُﻮﻓَﺎت ﻋَ ْ
ﻏﯿْﺮھ ْﻢ وَاَﻟﻠﱠﮫ أَﻋْﻠَﻢ .وَﻗَﺎلَ ا ْﻟﺤَﺎﻓِﻆ َأﺑُﻮ ﺑَﻜْﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺰﱠار ﺣَﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ ﯾُﻮﺳُﻒ ﺑْﻦ ﻣُﻮﺳَﻰ أَﻧْﺒََﺄﻧَﺎ ﺟَﺮِﯾﺮ
ﻋﻤَﺶ وَ َ
وَاﻟْﺄَ ْ
ل :ﻗَﺎلَ
ل أَرَا ُه ﻋَﻦْ ﺟَﺎﺑِﺮ ﺷَﻚﱠ اﻟْﺄَﻋْﻤَﺶ ﻗَﺎ َ
ﻋﺒْﺪ ا ْﻟﺤَﻤِﯿﺪ -ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﺄَﻋْﻤَﺶ ﻋَﻦْ َأﺑِﻲ ﺻَﺎﻟِﺢ ﻗَﺎ َ
-ﯾَﻌْﻨِﻲ ِاﺑْﻦ َ
ﺳﺮَقَ ﻗَﺎلَ " ﺳَﯿَ ْﻨﮭَﺎهُ ﻣَﺎ ﺗَﻘُﻮل "
ﺻﺒَﺢَ َ
َرﺟُﻞ ﻟِﻠﻨﱠﺒِﻲﱢ ﺻَﻠﱠﻰ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻋَﻠَ ْﯿﮫِ َوﺳَﱠﻠﻢَ إِنﱠ ﻓُﻠَﺎﻧًﺎ ُﯾﺼَﻠﱢﻲ ﺑِﺎﻟﱠﻠ ْﯿﻞِ ﻓَﺈِذَا َأ ْ
ﻦ َأﺑِﻲ ﺻَﺎﻟِﺢ ﻋَﻦْ ﺟَﺎﺑِﺮ
ﻋﻤَﺶ ﻋَ ْ
ﻋﺒْﺪ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﺄَ ْ
ﺧﺒَ َﺮﻧَﺎ ِزﯾَﺎد ﺑْﻦ َ
ﺷﻲّ أَ ْ
ﺠﺮَ ِ
وَﺣَ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ ﻣُﺤَﻤﱠﺪ ﺑْﻦ ﻣُﻮﺳَﻰ ا ْﻟ ُ
ﻏﯿْﺮ
ﻋﻤَﺶ َ
ل َ :وھَﺬَا ا ْﻟﺤَﺪِﯾﺚ ﻗَﺪْ رَوَاهُ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﺄَ ْ
ﻋَﻦْ اﻟﱠﻨﺒِﻲّ ﺻَﻠﱠﻰ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻋَﻠَﯿْ ِﮫ َوﺳَﻠﱠﻢَ ِﺑ َﻨﺤْ ِﻮهِ وَﻟَﻢْ َﯾﺸُﻚّ ُﺛﻢﱠ ﻗَﺎ َ
ﻏﯿْﺮه
ﻦ َأﺑِﻲ ُھ َﺮﯾْﺮَة أَوْ َ
ﻏﯿْﺮ وَاﺣِﺪ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﺄَﻋْﻤَﺶ ﻋَﻦْ أَﺑِﻲ ﺻَﺎﻟِﺢ ﻋَ ْ
ﺧﺘَﻠَﻔُﻮا ﻓِﻲ ِإﺳْﻨَﺎده َﻓﺮَوَا ُه َ
وَاﺣِﺪ وَا ْ
ﻦ َأﺑِﻲ ﺳُﻔْﯿَﺎن ﻋَﻦْ ﺟَﺎﺑِﺮ ﻗَﺎ َل ﺟَﺮِﯾﺮ وَزِﯾَﺎد ﻋَﻦْ ﻋَﺒْﺪ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﺄَﻋْﻤَﺶ ﻋَﻦْ
ﻋﻤَﺶ ﻋَ ْ
وَﻗَﺎلَ َﻗﯿْﺲ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﺄَ ْ
ﻦ َأﺑِﻲ
ﺧﺒَ َﺮﻧَﺎ اﻟْﺄَﻋْﻤَﺶ ﻗَﺎلَ أَرَى َأﺑَﺎ ﺻَﺎﻟِﺢ ﻋَ ْ
ﺣﻤَﺪ ﺣَ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ وَﻛِﯿﻊ أَ ْ
َأﺑِﻲ ﺻَﺎﻟِﺢ ﻋَﻦْ ﺟَﺎﺑِﺮ وَﻗَﺎلَ اﻟْﺈِﻣَﺎم أَ ْ
ﺳﺮَقَ
ﺻﺒَﺢَ َ
ُھ َﺮﯾْﺮَة ﻗَﺎلَ ﺟَﺎ َء رَﺟُﻞ إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﱠﻨﺒِﻲّ ﺻَﻠﱠﻰ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻋَﻠَ ْﯿﮫِ َوﺳَﻠﱠﻢَ ﻓَﻘَﺎلَ إِنﱠ ﻓُﻠَﺎﻧًﺎ ُﯾﺼَﻠﱢﻲ ﺑِﺎﻟﱠﻠﯿْﻞِ ﻓَﺈِذَا َأ ْ
ﺸﺘَﻤِﻞ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة أَ ْﯾﻀًﺎ ﻋَﻠَﻰ ذِﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﺗَﻌَﺎﻟَﻰ وَھُﻮَ اﻟْ َﻤﻄْﻠُﻮب اﻟْﺄَ ْﻛﺒَﺮ
ل ِإﻧﱠﮫُ ﺳَ َﯿﻨْﮭَﺎ ُه ﻣَﺎ ﺗَﻘُﻮل " .وَﺗَ ْ
ﻓَﻘَﺎ َ
ﺼﻨَﻌُﻮنَ " َأيْ ﯾَﻌْﻠَﻢ
ﻋﻈَﻢ ﻣِﻦْ اﻟْﺄَوﱠل" وَاَﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﯾَﻌْﻠَﻢ ﻣَﺎ ﺗَ ْ
ي أَ ْ
وَِﻟﮭَﺬَا ﻗَﺎ َل ﺗَﻌَﺎﻟَﻰ " وَﻟَﺬِﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ أَ ْﻛﺒَﺮ " أَ ْ
ل َأﺑُﻮ اﻟْﻌَﺎﻟِﯿَﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﻗَﻮْﻟﮫ ﺗَﻌَﺎﻟَﻰ " إِنﱠ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة ﺗَ ْﻨﮭَﻰ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْ َﻔﺤْﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْﻤُﻨْﻜَﺮ
ﺟَﻤِﯿﻊ أَﻋْﻤَﺎﻟﻜُﻢْ وَأَﻗْﻮَاﻟﻜُ ْﻢ .وَﻗَﺎ َ
ﺼﻠَﺎة ﻓِﯿﮭَﺎ َﺛﻠَﺎث ﺧِﺼَﺎل ﻓَ ُﻜﻞّ ﺻَﻠَﺎة ﻟَﺎ ﯾَﻜُﻮن ﻓِﯿﮭَﺎ ﺷَﻲْء ﻣِﻦْ ھَ ِﺬهِ ا ْﻟﺨِﻠَﺎل ﻓََﻠﯿْﺴَﺖْ ِﺑﺼَﻠَﺎةٍ .
" ﻗَﺎ َل إِنﱠ اﻟ ﱠ
ﺨﺸْﯿَﺔ ﺗَﻨْﮭَﺎهُ ﻋَﻦْ ا ْﻟﻤُ ْﻨﻜَﺮ وَ ِذﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ
ف وَاﻟْ َ
ﺧﻠَﺎص َﯾﺄْﻣُﺮ ُه ﺑِﺎﻟْ َﻤﻌْﺮُو ِ
ﺨﺸْﯿَﺔ وَ ِذﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻓَﺎ ْﻟﺈِ ْ
ﺧﻠَﺎص وَاﻟْ َ
ا ْﻟﺈِ ْ
ﺠ َﺰﺗْﻚ
ﺣَاﻟْﻘُﺮْآن َﯾﺄْﻣُﺮ ُه وَﯾَﻨْﮭَﺎهُ وَﻗَﺎلَ ِاﺑْﻦ ﻋَﻮْن اﻟَْﺄ ْﻧﺼَﺎ ِريّ إِذَا ﻛُﻨْﺖ ﻓِﻲ ﺻَﻠَﺎة ﻓََﺄﻧْﺖَ ﻓِﻲ ﻣَ ْﻌﺮُوف وَ َﻗﺪْ َ
ﺣﻤﱠﺎد ﺑْﻦ أَﺑِﻲ ﺳَُﻠ ْﯿﻤَﺎن " إِنﱠ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَا ْﻟﻤُ ْﻨﻜَﺮ وَاَﱠﻟﺬِي أَ ْﻧﺖَ ﻓِﯿ ِﮫ ﻣِﻦْ ِذﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ َأ ْﻛﺒَﺮ وَﻗَﺎلَ َ
ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْ َﻔ ْ
ﻋﺒﱠﺎس ﻓِﻲ ﻗَﻮْﻟﮫ
ﻦ اِﺑْﻦ َ
ﻲ ﺑْﻦ َأﺑِﻲ ﻃَﻠْﺤَﺔ ﻋَ ْ
ﺗَ ْﻨﮭَﻰ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَﺤْﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْﻤُﻨْﻜَﺮ " ﯾَﻌْﻨِﻲ ﻣَﺎ دُﻣْﺖ ﻓِﯿﮭَﺎ وَﻗَﺎلَ ﻋَﻠِ ّ
َﺗﻌَﺎﻟَﻰ " وَﻟَﺬِﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ أَﻛْﺒَﺮ " ﯾَﻘُﻮل وَﻟَﺬِﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻟِﻌِﺒَﺎدِهِ أَ ْﻛﺒَﺮ إِذَا ذَ َﻛﺮُو ُه ﻣِﻦْ ذِﻛْﺮھﻢْ ِإﯾﱠﺎهُ َوﻛَﺬَا رَوَى
ﻋﺒﱠﺎس وَ ِﺑﮫِ ﻗَﺎلَ ُﻣﺠَﺎھِﺪ وَﻏَﯿْﺮه :وَﻗَﺎلَ ِاﺑْﻦ َأﺑِﻲ ﺣَﺎﺗِﻢ ﺣَﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ َأﺑُﻮ ﺳَﻌِﯿﺪ اﻟَْﺄﺷَﺞّ
ﻦ ِاﺑْﻦ َ
ﻏﯿْﺮ وَاﺣِﺪ ﻋَ ْ
َ
ﻋﺒﱠﺎس " وَﻟَﺬِﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ أَ ْﻛﺒَﺮ " ﻗَﺎلَ
ﺣَﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ َأﺑُﻮ ﺧَﺎﻟِﺪ اﻟَْﺄﺣْﻤَﺮ ﻋَﻦْ دَاوُد ﺑْﻦ أَﺑِﻲ ِھﻨْﺪ ﻋَﻦْ َرﺟُﻞ ﻋَﻦْ اِﺑْﻦ َ
ن ﺻَﺎﺣِﺒًﺎ ﻟِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﻤَﻨْﺰِل ﯾَﻘُﻮل ﻏَﯿْﺮ اﻟﱠﺬِي ﺗَﻘُﻮل ﻗَﺎلَ وََأيّ
ﻃﻌَﺎﻣﻚ وَﻋِﻨْﺪ ﻣَﻨَﺎﻣﻚ ﻗُﻠْﺖ ﻓَﺈِ ﱠ
ِذﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﻋِﻨْﺪ َ
ﺷَﻲْء ﯾَﻘُﻮل ؟ ﻗُﻠْﺖ ﻗَﺎ َل ﯾَﻘُﻮل اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﺗَﻌَﺎﻟَﻰ " ﻓَﺎذْ ُﻛﺮُوﻧِﻲ أَ ْذﻛُﺮﻛُ ْﻢ " ﻓَﻠَ ِﺬﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ إِﯾﱠﺎﻧَﺎ َأﻛْﺒَﺮ ﻣِﻦْ ِذﻛْﺮﻧَﺎ إِﯾﱠﺎهُ
ﻋﺒﱠﺎس
ﻦ ِاﺑْﻦ َ
ل َوﺣَ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َأﺑِﻲ ﺣَﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ اﻟﻨﱡ َﻔﯿْﻠِﻲّ ﺣَ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ ِإﺳْﻤَﺎﻋِﯿﻞ ﻋَﻦْ ﺧَﺎﻟِﺪ ﻋَﻦْ ﻋِ ْﻜﺮِﻣَﺔ ﻋَ ْ
ق :ﻗَﺎ َ
ل :ﺻَ َﺪ َ
ﻗَﺎ َ
ﺣﺮﱠ َﻣﮫُ ﻗَﺎلَ وَذِﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ
ﻋﻨْﺪ ﻣَﺎ َ
ل ﻟَﮭَﺎ وَﺟْﮭَﺎنِ ﻗَﺎلَ ذِﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ِ
ﻓِﻲ ﻗَﻮْﻟﮫ ﺗَﻌَﺎﻟَﻰ " وَﻟَﺬِﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ أَ ْﻛﺒَﺮ " ﻗَﺎ َ
ﺸﯿْﻢ َأﺧْ َﺒ َﺮﻧَﺎ ﻋَﻄَﺎء
ﺧﺒَﺮَﻧَﺎ ُھ َ
ﺣﺪﱠ َﺛﻨِﻲ َﯾﻌْﻘُﻮب ﺑْﻦ إِﺑْﺮَاھِﯿﻢ أَ ْ
ل ِاﺑْﻦ ﺟَﺮِﯾﺮ َ
ﻋﻈَﻢ ﻣِﻦْ ذِﻛْﺮﻛُﻢْ ِإﯾﱠﺎ ُه وَﻗَﺎ َ
ِإﯾﱠﺎﻛُ ْﻢ أَ ْ
ل :ﻗَﺎلَ ﻟِﻲ اِﺑْﻦ ﻋَﺒﱠﺎس ھَﻞْ ﺗَﺪْرِي ﻣَﺎ ﻗَﻮْﻟﮫ ﺗَﻌَﺎﻟَﻰ " وَﻟَ ِﺬﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ
ﻋﺒْﺪ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﺑْﻦ رَﺑِﯿﻌَﺔ ﻗَﺎ َ
ﺑْﻦ اﻟﺴﱠﺎﺋِﺐ ﻋَﻦْ َ
ﺤﻤِﯿﺪ وَاﻟﺘﱠ ْﻜﺒِﯿﺮ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﺎة وَ ِﻗﺮَاءَة اﻟْﻘُﺮْآن
ﺴﺒِﯿﺢ وَاﻟﱠﺘ ْ
َأ ْﻛﺒَﺮ " ؟ ﻗَﺎلَ ﻗُﻠْﺖ َﻧﻌَﻢْ ﻗَﺎلَ َﻓﻤَﺎ ھُﻮَ ؟ ﻗُﻠْﺖ اﻟﺘﱠ ْ
ﻋﻨْﺪَﻣَﺎ أَﻣَﺮَ ِﺑ ِﮫ أَوْ
ﻋﺠِﯿﺒًﺎ َوﻣَﺎ ھُﻮَ ﻛَﺬَﻟِﻚَ وَﻟَ ِﻜﱠﻨﮫُ ِإﱠﻧﻤَﺎ ﯾَﻘُﻮل ِذﻛْﺮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ِإﯾﱠﺎﻛُ ْﻢ ِ
َو َﻧﺤْﻮ ذَﻟِﻚَ ﻗَﺎلَ ﻟَ َﻘﺪْ ﻗُﻠْﺖ ﻗَﻮْﻟًﺎ َ
ﻋﺒﱠﺎس َورُ ِويَ
ﻦ ِاﺑْﻦ َ
ﻏﯿْﺮ وَﺟْﮫ ﻋَ ْ
ي ھَﺬَا ﻣِﻦْ َ
ﻧَﮭَﻰ ﻋَ ْﻨﮫُ إِذَا َذﻛَ ْﺮُﺗﻤُﻮ ُه أَﻛْﺒَﺮ ﻣِﻦْ ذِﻛْﺮﻛُﻢْ ِإﯾﱠﺎ ُه وَﻗَﺪْ رُ ِو َ
ﺧﺘَﺎرَهُ اِﺑْﻦ ﺟَﺮِﯾﺮ
ﻲ وَﻏَﯿْﺮھﻢْ وَا ْ
ﺴﻌُﻮد وَأَﺑِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺪرْدَاء َوﺳَ ْﻠﻤَﺎن اﻟْﻔَﺎ ِرﺳِ ّ
أَ ْﯾﻀًﺎ ﻋَﻦْ ِاﺑْﻦ ﻣَ ْ
Tafsir Al-Qurtubiy
ُﯾﺮِﯾﺪ إِنﱠ اﻟﺼﱠ َﻠﻮَات اﻟْﺨَﻤْﺲ ِھﻲَ اﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ُﺗﻜَﻔﱢﺮ ﻣَﺎ ﺑَﯿْﻨﮭَﺎ ﻣِﻦْ اﻟﺬﱡﻧُﻮب ; َﻛﻤَﺎ ﻗَﺎلَ ﻋََﻠﯿْﮫِ اﻟﺴﱠﻠَﺎم َ ) :أرََأ ْﯾﺘُ ْﻢ ﻟَ ْﻮ
ﺧﻤْﺲ َﻣﺮﱠات ھَﻞْ َﯾﺒْﻘَﻰ ﻣِﻦْ دَرَﻧﮫ ﺷَﻲْء ( ﻗَﺎﻟُﻮا :ﻟَﺎ َﯾﺒْﻘَﻰ
أَنﱠ ﻧَ ْﮭﺮًا ِﺑﺒَﺎبِ َأﺣَﺪﻛُﻢْ ﯾَﻐْ َﺘﺴِﻞ ﻓِﯿﮫِ ﻛُﻞّ ﯾَﻮْم َ
ﺧﺮﱠﺟَﮫُ اﻟ ﱢﺘ ْﺮﻣِﺬِيّ
ﺨﻄَﺎﯾَﺎ ( َ
ﻣِﻦْ دَرَﻧﮫ ﺷَﻲْء ; ﻗَﺎلَ ) :ﻓَﺬَﻟِﻚَ َﻣﺜَﻞ اﻟﺼﱠﻠَﻮَات ا ْﻟﺨَﻤْﺲ َﯾﻤْﺤُﻮ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ ﺑِﮭِﻦﱠ اﻟْ َ
ﺼﻠَﺎة ھُﻨَﺎ اﻟْﻘُﺮْآن وَاﻟْ َﻤﻌْﻨَﻰ
ﺣﺴَﻦ ﺻَﺤِﯿﺢ وَﻗَﺎلَ ِاﺑْﻦ ﻋُﻤَﺮ :اﻟ ﱠ
ﻣِﻦْ ﺣَﺪِﯾﺚ أَﺑِﻲ ُھﺮَﯾْﺮَة وَﻗَﺎلَ ﻓِﯿ ِﮫ ﺣَﺪِﯾﺚ َ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَا ْﻟﻤُﻨْﻜَﺮ وَﻋَﻦْ اﻟﺰﱢﻧَﺎ وَاﻟْ َﻤﻌَﺎﺻِﻲ
ﺼﻠَﺎة ﯾَﻨْﮭَﻰ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
:اﻟﱠﺬِي ﯾُ ْﺘﻠَﻰ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠ
ﻗُﻠْﺖ :وَﻋَﻠَﻰ ا ْﻟﺠُﻤْﻠَﺔ ﻓَﺎﻟْﻤَﻌْﻨَﻰ اﻟْﻤَ ْﻘﺼُﻮد ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﺤَﺪِﯾﺚِ ) :ﻟَﻢْ ﺗَ ِﺰدْهُ ﻣِﻦْ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ إِﻟﱠﺎ ُﺑﻌْﺪًا وَﻟَﻢْ َﯾﺰْدَدْ ﺑِﮭَﺎ ﻣِﻦْ اﻟﻠﱠﮫ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْﻤُﻨْﻜَﺮ ﻟَﺎ ﻗَﺪْر ِﻟﺼَﻠَﺎ ِﺗﮫِ ; ﻟِﻐَﻠَ َﺒﺔِ اﻟْﻤَﻌَﺎﺻِﻲ ﻋَﻠَﻰ ﺻَﺎﺣِﺒﮭَﺎ
إِﻟﱠﺎ ﻣَ ْﻘﺘًﺎ ( ِإﺷَﺎرَة إِﻟَﻰ أَنﱠ ُﻣﺮْﺗَﻜِﺐ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
ﺴﮭَﺎ ﻟَﺎ ﺗَﻨْﮭَﻰ
ﺼﻠَﺎة ﺑِﻨَ ْﻔ ِ
ﺤﺸَﺎء وَاﻟْﻤُ ْﻨﻜَﺮ وَاﻟ ﱠ
وَﻗِﯿﻞَ :ھُﻮَ ﺧَﺒَﺮ ﺑِ َﻤﻌْﻨَﻰ ا ْﻟَﺄﻣْﺮ أَيْ ﻟِﯿَﻨْ َﺘﮫِ ا ْﻟﻤُﺼَﻠﱢﻲ ﻋَﻦْ اﻟْﻔَ ْ
ﺤﻖﱢ " ] ا ْﻟﺠَﺎﺛِﯿَﺔ [ 29 :
وََﻟﻜِﻨﱠﮭَﺎ ﺳَﺒَﺐ اﻟِﺎﻧْ ِﺘﮭَﺎء َوھُﻮَ ﻛَﻘَﻮْﻟِﮫِ َﺗﻌَﺎﻟَﻰ " :ھَﺬَا ِﻛﺘَﺎﺑﻨَﺎ ﯾَ ْﻨﻄِﻖ ﻋََﻠ ْﯿﻜُﻢْ ﺑِﺎﻟْ َ
ن " ] اﻟﺮﱡوم [ 35 :
وَﻗَﻮْﻟﮫ " :أَ ْم َأﻧْﺰَ ْﻟﻨَﺎ ﻋََﻠ ْﯿﮭِ ْﻢ ﺳُ ْﻠﻄَﺎﻧًﺎ ﻓَﮭُﻮَ َﯾ َﺘﻜَﻠﱠﻢ ِﺑﻤَﺎ ﻛَﺎﻧُﻮا ِﺑﮫِ ُﯾﺸْ ِﺮﻛُﻮ َ
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Muhammad Hamzah
muhammad.hamzah@gmail.com