Bahasan Khusus tentang Kelompok Soal Structure Karena buku ini menitikberatkan pada penguasaan tata bahasa (Structure),

maka kelompok soal ini akan di bahas secaralebih rinci agar dapat memberikan landasan yang lebih mantap kepada para pemakainya dalam berlatih mengerjakan soal-soal dalam buku ini yang semuanya berjumlah 400 butir. Kelompok soal Structure pada TOEFL biasa terdiri atas dua bentuk soal yaitu menyempurnakan kalimat dan menunjukan bagian kalimat yang salah. Menurut Patricia Sullivan (1990: 152-168) urutan frekuensi kemunculan bentuk soal Structure adalah sebagai berikut (berdasarkan penelitian pada 11 tes TOEFL): a. Bagian melengkapi kalimat : 1. Peringkat pertama (paling tinggi frekuensinya) adalah penggunaan kata kerja (verb). contohnya : In 1776, when the Declaration of Independence , the United States became a new country. (A) Singed (B) That signed Jawaban : C 2. Peringkat berikut nya adalah urutan kata (word order). Contohnya : The union won benefits. (A) themembers (B) for its members Jawaban : B 3. Pokok kalimat dan predikat (subject+verb) misalnya : In 1970 B.C.the most collection of early laws. (A) then Hammurabi wrote (B) Hammurabi wrote Jawaban : B 4. Kata yang mulai dengan wb- dan bow, tetapi tidak digunakan sebagai kata tanya. Contoh soal : .he got home last night is still a mystery to me. (A) How (B) Although Jawaban : A 5. Frasa preposisi (preposotional phrase). Misalnya : New York is a major center. (A) at bank (C) of banking (C) While (D) Since (C) Hammurabis wrote (D) Hammurabi, who wrote (C) its members for (D) members for its (C) Was signed (D) That it signed

(B) of bank Jawaban : C

(D) to banking

6. Struktur parallel (parallel construction). Misalnya : Sleeping,resting,. are the best ways to care for a cold. (A) and that drinking fluids (B) and drinking fluids Jawaban : B 7. Bentuk infinitive, grund, dan participle. Contoh soal : Impressionist artists tended.imagination and light more important than faithful reproduction of objects. (A) considering (B) be consider Jawaban : D 8. Frasa adjektif dan adverb (adjective or adverb phrase). Misalnya : A ray swims rapidly broad wing like appendages. (A) by flapping its (B) its flapping Jawawaban : A 9. Perbandingan (comparison). Contoh soal : The greater. increase in population, the harder it is for people to find adequate housing. (A) of (B) is the Jawaban : C 10. Kata penghubung (conjunction). Contoh : .animals can survive without oxygen. (A) Plants can neither (B) Neither can plants Jawaban : D 11. Kata dengan (preposition). Misalnya : Excessive absenteeism result problems for the schools. (A) in (C) for (C) Plants, neither (D) Neither plants (C) the (D) is of the (C) of the flapping (D) the palp (C) consider to (D) to consider (C) which drank fluids (D) and one drink fluids

(B) with Jawaban : A

(D) to

12. Klausan adjektif atau klausa adverbia (adjective or adverb clause). Contoh : . left Europe in 1492, he was unaware of the changes that would accur as a result of his voyage. (A) From Columbus (B) Because Columbus was Jawaban : D 13. Peletakan kata kerja secara terbalik untuk menekankan makna (inverted verb for empbasis). misalnya : (A) that Americans walk (B) did Americans walk Jawaban : B 14. Frasa Subjek atau kata benda (subject/noun phrase). Misalnya : .AIDS has engaged may researches in the last decade. (A) By studying (B) The study of Jawaban : B 15. Penggunaan kata there. Misalnya : during past centuries when people habe come to the west seeking gold (A) Times (B) Throughout times Jawaban : C 16. Tingkat paling (superlative). Contohnya: Of all the national parks in the United States, Yellowstone is.visited. (A) one of the most (B) of the most Jawaban : A 17. Sebab akibat (cause and result). Misalnya : Radio communication has changed. the rapid development of other cmmunication media, such as tekevision. (C) one most (D) the most one (C) There have been times (D) Times have been (C) Important study (D) Now that the study (C) when did Americans walk (D) when Americans walk (C) That Columbus was (D) When Columbus

(A) because its (B) is it because Jawaban : C

(C) because of (D) is because its

18. Tujuan dan alasan (purpose and reason). Misalnya : The day was that people swarmed to the beach. (A) such hot (B) so hot Jawaban : B 19. Kata sifat (adjective). Contoh soal : .felt hat is one of the symbols of a cowboy. (A) A broad-brimmed (B) Broad Jawaban : B 20. Kalimat pengandaian (condional andcontrary tofact). Contoh : . the ozone layer were destroyed, most living things would disappear from the Earth in a few years. (A) Besides (B) If Jawaban : B 21. Kata like dan unlike. Contoh soal : . publich schools, private schools charge tuition. (A) Do not like (B) No likeness to Jawaban : D 22. kata no,not, dan none. Misalnya : two fingerprints are identical. (A) Nor (B) none Jawaban : C 23. Kata ganti tak tentu (indefinite pronoun). Misalnya : Silver nitrate dyesit touches black. (C) No (D) Not (C) Dislike (D) Unlike (C) So (D) For (C) The brimm which is broad (D) Broad brim (C) very hot (D) hot

(A) somehow (B) there Jawaban : D

(C) them (D) everything

24. Benda yang dapat di hitung dan tak dapat dihitung (countable and non-countable). Misalnya : .of buying and selling occurs internationally. (A) A great deal (B) A great many Jawaban : A b. Menunjukkan bagian yang salah dalam kalimat (error identification) : 1. Peringkat tebanyak adalah tentang bentukkata atau word form. Misalnya : The season changes of weather cause color changes in the leaves of deciduous trees. A B C D Jawaban (bagian yang salah): A, seharusnya adalah seasonal. 2. Peringkat ke dua adalahstruktur parallel (parallel construction). Misalnya : Victims of migraines are often unable tolarate ordinary sights, sound, odors and press A D B C (C) Much greater (D) Many

Jawaban : D, seharusnya adalah pressure 3. Peringkat berikutnya adalah bentuk waktu kata kerja (verb tense). Misalnya : No one was sure how many Americans suffer from chronic fague syndrome. A B C D Jawaban : B, seharusnya adalah is sure 4. Bentuk tunggal dan jamak (singular an plurarnoun). Misalnya : Science and technology are part of the knowledges of educated people. A B C D Jawaban : D, mestinya knowledge tanpa s 5. Kata depan (preposition). Misalnya : Some poeple believe that humans will never use away all the natural resource of earth A B C D Jawaban : C, mestinya use up

6. Salah menggunakan kata (wrong word). Misalnya : some artists like their art to be shown in apart museum. A B C D Jawaban : D, mestinya separate 7. Penambahan kata yang tak perlu (additional word). Misalnya : The invention of Alexander Graham Bell extremely greatly extended the limits of comunication A Jawaban : B, hilangkan kata extremely 8. Kurang kata (omission of word). Misalnya : A delicious mixture called a smoothie si a blend several different foods such as milk, A bananas and vanila Jawaban : B, mestinya blend os several 9. Susun kata terbalik (word reversal). Misalnya: The Medal of National Science is the highest award scientific that can be given to any A D Jawaban : B . mestinya scientific award 10. Kata sandang (article). Misalnya : A milk can provide protein for a cheap, nutritionally balanced diet A B C D B C individual in the United States. B C D B C D

Jawaban : A, hilangkan kata sandang a 11. Kata ganti (pronoun). Misalnya : Scientists say that the color of the lake is a result of his unusual algae A B C D

Jawaban : D, seharusnya its 12. Kata penghubung (conjunction). Misalnya :

Three condition critical for growing plant are soil temperature, chemical balance or amount of moisture A B C D Jawaban : C, seharus nya and. 13. Kesesuaian subjek-predikat (verb agreement). Misalnya : A technical view of a new invention sometimes differ from an economic perspective. A Jawaban : B, seharusnya differ 14. Tingkat perbandingan (comparative). Misalnya : Engines used in space shuttles are much larger and more strong than the ones used injet planes A B C D B C D

Jawaban : C, seharusnya stronger 15. Bentuk kata kerja infinitive dan gerund. Misalnya : when there are low sales, companies often decide developing new products. A B C D

Jawaban : C, seharusnya to develop 16. Penggunaan kata-kata so, such atau sothat Misalnya : Elephants have so long flexible trunks that they seem clumsy as they walk A B C D

Jawaban : A, seharus nya such long 17. Klausa adjektif dan klausa adverbia yang mulai dengan wb-(adjective and adverb clause beginning with wb-). Misalnya : Many people which know the Missouri River well doubt that it can ever really be tamed. A Jawaban : A, seharusnya who 18. Penggunaan other dan another. Misalnya : Unlike another schools, fremont High School has a room and board program to provide B C D

A assistance for out-of-town students D Jawaban : A, seharusnya other 19. Kata-kata like,unlike atau alike. Misalnya :

Garlic smells somewhat alike onion and is a flavorful ingredient used in many dishes A B C D

Jawaban : B, seharusnya like 20. Bentuk paling (superlative). Misalnya : Many people believe that New York is the most great city in the united States A Jawaban : C, seharusnya greatest 21. Struktur pasif (passive voice). Misalnya : New laws should be writing to accommodate changes in our society. A B C D Jawaban : A, seharusnya be written 22. Tentang kata-kata no,not, atau none. Misalnya : With reforestration now, there are young forests where no long ago the land was gullied A and bare. Jawaban : C, seharusnya not long 23. Penggunaan kata many dan much. Misalnya : Of the billions of stars in the galaxy, how much are suitable for life? A Jawaban : D, seharus nya for 24. Kata depan since dan for. Misalnya : Victor served as president of the school club since fifteen years. A B C D B C D B C D B C D

Jawaban : D, seharusnya for 25. Penggunaan kata-kata each,every,atau all. Misalnya : The majestic Rocky Mountains stretch each the way from Mexico to the Arctic A Jawaban : C, seharusnya all 26. Kata these dan those. Misalnya : In those days of frequent air trafelm diseases can spread around the world in a very short time. A B D C B C D