(TEORI FROBENIUS)
Tinjau bentuk :
dy
y = 0 , bentuk ini dapat dipecahkan dengan menggunakan
dx
s =o
s =o
Misal : y = cs x s y ' = s cs x s 1
Dengan demikian diperoleh :
( D 1) y = s c s x s 1 cs x s 0
s =o
jadi
s c
s =o
s =o
s c s x s 1 cs 1 x s 1 = 0, dengan c1 = 0
s =o
s =o
cs 1
s
untuk s = 0 didapat 0 c 0 c1 = 0 0 c0 = 0, sehinggga dapat dipilih c0 = sembarang
s c s cs 1 = 0 cs =
jadi berlaku s cs = cs 1 cs =
cs 1
, untuk s 1
s
c0
1
c
s = 2 c2= 1
2
c
s = 3 c3 = 2
3
c
s = 4 c4= 3
4
..
maka untuk s = 1 c1 =
..
s = s cs =
c0
s!
= c0
c0
2!
c
= 0
3!
c
= 0
4!
=
y = cs x s
s =o
c0
s! x
s =o
x x2 x3 x4
= c0 1 + + + + + ......
1! 2! 3! 4!
x
= c0 e , adalah merupakan jawab umumnya
contoh soal:
Tentukan jawab umum dari :
d2y
+ y=0
dx 2
Penyelesaian:
y = s cs x s 1
s =o
y = s ( s 1) cs x s 2
s =o
Jadi :
d2y
s 2
1
)
0
(
+
+
=
c
x
cs x s = 0
y
s
s
s
2
dx
s =o
s =o
{s(s 1) c
s =o
karena x
s 2
0, maka s ( s 1) cs + cs2 = 0
c0
2 1
c
s = 4 c4 = 2
43
c
s = 6 c3 = 4
65
c
s = 8 c3 = 6
87
..
maka untuk s = 2 c2 =
c0
2!
c
=+ 0
4!
c
= 0
6!
c
=+ 0
8!
cs 2
, untuk s 2
s ( s 1)
c1
c
= 1
3 2
3!
c
c
s = 5 c5 = 3 = + 1
5 4
5!
c
c
s = 7 c7 = 5 = 1
76
7!
c
c
s = 9 c9 = 7 = + 1
9 8
9!
s = 3 c3 =
y = cs x s
s =o
x 2 x 4 x 6 x8
x3 x5 x7 x9
= c0 1 + + .... c1 x + +
! 4! 6! 8!
3! 5! 7! 9!
2
Cos x
Sin. x
dy
+ y=0
dx
2.
d2y
y = 0
dx 2
1
x
J n (x ) = (1)
k! ( n + k ) ! 2
k =o
n + 2k
1
x
J n ( x ) = (1)
k!(k n)! 2
k =o
2k n
ambil : k = s + n k != ( s + n)!
(k n)!= s !
J n ( x) = (1)
s+n
s =o
1
x
( s + n) ! s! 2
1
x
= (1) (1)
( s + n) ! s! 2
s =o
n
2 s + 2 nn
2s + n
= (1) n J n ( x )
jadi : J n ( x ) = (1) n J n ( x )
dengan demikian dapat diketahui bahwa : J 1 ( x ) = J 1 ( x )
J 2 (x ) = + J 2 (x )
x J n ( x) + n J n ( x) = x J n1 ( x )
II.
x J n ( x) + x J n+1 ( x) = n J n ( x )
III. 2 J n ( x) = J n1 ( x) J n+1 ( x )
IV. J 0 ( x) = J1 ( x)
V.
d n
[ x J n ( x)] = x n J n +1 ( x)
dx
VI.
d n
[ x J n ( x)] = x n J n 1 ( x)
dx
VII.
2n
J n ( x) = J n +1 ( x) + J n 1 ( x)
x
VIII. J 1 ( x) =
2
IX. J 1 ( x) =
2
sin x
x
2
cos x
Bukti I :
1
x
J n (x ) = (1)
( s ) ( s + n) 2
s =o
n+2 s
J n (x ) = (1) s
s =o
(n + 2s ) 12
( s ) ( s + n)
x
2
n + 2 s 1
, sehingga
(n + 2s ) x x
xJ n (x ) = (1)
( s ) ( s + n) 2 2
s =o
n + 2 s 1
nJ n (x ) = (1) s
s =o
n
x x
( s ) ( s + n) 2 2
xJ n (x ) + nJ n ( x) = (1) s
s =o
n + 2 s 1
(n + s) x x
( s ) ( s + n) 2
1
= x (1)
( s ) ( s + n 1)
s =o
= x J n1 ( x )
s
Jadi : x J n ( x) + n J n ( x) = x J n1 ( x ) terbukti
n + 2 s 1
x
2
n + 2 s 1
Bukti II :
J n ( x ) = (1) s
s =o
1
( s ) ( s + n)
J n ( x ) = (1) s
s =o
J n+1 ( x ) = (1) s
s =o
xJ n ( x ) = (1) s
s =o
= (1) s
s =o
x
2
(n + 2 s ) 12
( s ) ( s + n)
n+2 s
x
2
1
( s ) ( s + n + 1)
n + 2 s 1
, sehingga
x
2
n + 2 s +1
(n + 2s) x x
( s ) ( s + n) 2 2
n
x
( s ) ( s + n) 2
n+2 s
n + 2 s 1
+ (1) s
s =o
2s
x
( s ) ( s + n) 2
n+2 s
2s
x
= nJ n ( x) + (1) s
s !(n + s )! 2
s =o
(*)
(*) = (1)
r +1
r =o
2 (r + 1)
x
(r + 1) !(n + r + 1) ! 2
2
x
r !(n + r + 1) ! 2
n+2 r +2
2 ( 2x )
x
= (1)
r !(n + r + 1) ! 2
r =o
n + 2 r +1
= (1) r
r =o
n + 2 ( r +1)
x
x
= (1)
r !{( n + 1) + r )}! 2
r =o
= x J n+1 ( x)
( n +1)+ 2 r
Jadi :
x J n ( x) = n J n ( x ) x J n+1 ( x)
= x J n1 (x )
x J n ( x) + x J n+1 ( x) = n J n ( x )
................... ( I )
.................... ( II )
2 x J n ( x) + x J n+1 ( x) = x J n1 ( x )
2 J n ( x) = J n1 ( x) J n+1 ( x )
....(terbukti)
n+2 s
Bukti IV :
Dari rumus III: 2 J n ( x) = J n1 ( x) J n+1 ( x ) , bila diambil n = 0 maka didapat :
2 J 0 ( x) = J 1 ( x) J1 ( x )
= J1 ( x) J1 ( x)
= 2 J1 ( x)
Bukti V :
Dari rumus II: x J n ( x) + x J n+1 ( x) = n J n ( x ) kalikan dengan x n 1 sehingga
didapat:
x n J n ( x) + x n J n+1 ( x) = nx n1 J n ( x )
x n J n ( x) n x n1 J n ( x) = x n J n+1 ( x )
jadi :
d n
x J n ( x) = x n J n +1 ( x ) ...... terbukti
dx
Bukti VI :
Dari rumus I: x J n ( x) + n J n ( x) = x J n1 ( x ) kalikan dengan x n 1 sehingga didapat
:
x n J n ( x) + n x n1 J n ( x) = x n J n1 ( x )
jadi :
d n
x J n ( x) = x n J n 1 ( x ) ...... terbukti
dx
Bukti VII :
x J n ( x) + n J n ( x)
= x J n1 (x )
x J n ( x) + x J n+1 ( x) = n J n ( x )
2n J n ( x) x J n +1 ( x) = x J n 1 ( x )
................... ( I )
.................... ( II )
2n J n ( x) = x J n +1 ( x) + x J n 1 ( x )
2n
J n ( x) = J n 1 ( x) + J n +1 ( x )
....(terbukti)
x
Bukti VIII :
1
x
J n ( x ) = (1)
(k + 1)(n + k + 1) 2
k =o
n + 2k
1
x 2
J 1 ( x ) = (1)
2
(k + 1)( 12 + k + 1) 2
k =o
+ 2k
1
x 2 x
= (1)
k!( 12 + k )( 12 + k ) 2 2
k =o
2 k +1
2k + 1
Kita cari dahulu : + k =
2
1
k=0 =
2
Jika :
3 1
k=1 =
2 2
5 1.3
k=2 = 2
2 2
7 1.3.5
k=3 = 3
2
2
2k + 1 1.3.5.7.... (2k 1)
k=k
=
2k
2
Tinjau :1.3.5.7.......(2k - 1) =
J 1 ( x) =
2
k ! 2 k (2k +1) 2 k x
1
2
(
1
)
k ! (2k +1)
(2k +1)!
2
k =o
2
x
2 2 k +1 x
(1)
(2k +1)! 2
k =o
~
2
x
2
x
x 2 k +1
(2k +1)!
k =o
(1)
2 k +1
2 k +1
Bukti IX :
1
x
J n ( x ) = (1)
(k + 1)(n + k + 1) 2
k =o
n + 2k
1
x
J 1 (x ) = (1)
1
2
(k + 1)( 2 + k + 1) 2
k =o
12 + 2 k
1
x 2 x
= (1)
k!(k + 12 ) 2 2
k =o
2k
J 1 ( x) =
2
2
x
(1) k
k =o
(1)
k =o
(2k + 1)!
k !. 2 2 k . (2k +1)
1 k !. 2 2 k . (2k + 1) x 2 k
. 2k
k!
(2k + 1) !
2
(2k + 1) 2 k
x
(2k + 1) !
x 2k
k
(
1
)
( 2k ) !
k =o
2
x
jadi : J 1 ( x) =
2
cos x
Soal-soal :
1.
Tentukan : J 3 ( x)
2
Jawab :
Dari bentuk VII :
untuk n =
1
2
2n
J n ( x) = J n +1 ( x) + J n 1 ( x)
x
didapat
1
J 1 ( x) = J 3 ( x) + J 1 ( x)
2
2
x 2
J 3 ( x) = 1x J 1 ( x) J 1 ( x)
2
1
x
=
2.
x
2
sin x
cos x
( 1x sin x cos x)
Buktikan : 2 J 0 ( x) = J 2 ( x) J 0 ( x)
Bukti :
Dari bentuk II : x J n ( x) + x J n+1 ( x) = n J n ( x )
untuk n = 0 didapat x J 0 ( x) + x J1 ( x) = 0
x J 0 ( x) = x J1 ( x)
J 0 ( x) = J1 ( x)
.................(1)
untuk n = 1 didapat x J1 ( x) + x J 2 ( x) = J1 ( x)
J1 ( x) = 1x J1 ( x) J 2 ( x) ..................(2)
dari (1) dan (2) diperoleh : J 0 ( x) = 1x J1 ( x) + J 2 ( x)
2n
J n ( x) = J n +1 ( x) + J n 1 ( x)
x
untuk n = 1 didapat
2
x
J1 ( x) = J 2 ( x) + J 0 ( x)
1
x
J1 ( x) = 12 {J 2 ( x) + J 0 ( x)} ..................(4)
Pekerjaan Rumah :
1.
Carilah
: J 3 ( x), J 5 ( x), J 5 ( x)
2
2.
Buktikan :
d n
[ x J n (ax)] = ax n J n 1 ( x)
dx
3.
Buktikan :
d n +1
[ x J n ( x)] = x n +1 J n ( x)
dx
4.
Buktikan :
d n
[ x J n ( x)] = x n J n +1 ( x)
dx
5.
Buktikan :
d
[ J n ( x)] = J n 1 ( x) nx J n ( x)
dx
6.
Buktikan : J 0 ( x) + 3 J 0 ( x) + J1 ( x) = 0
7.
Buktikan :
................ (3)
e pt J 0 (at ) dt = ( p 2 + a 2 )
1
2
dimana a > 0
1
x
J n ( x) = (1)
k !(n + k )! 2
k =o
n + 2k
x2
y = cs x r + s
S =o
y = cs (r + s) x r + s1
S =o
~
y = cs (r + s) (r + s 1) x r + s2
S =o
x2
dy
d2y
2
2
(
)
+
+
=
x
x
n
y
cs [{(r + s ) (r + s 1) + (r + s )}x r + s + ( x 2 n 2 )x r + s ] 0
dx 2
dx
S =o
s =o
s =0
jadi : cs { (r + s ) (r + s 1 + 1) n 2 }x r + s + cs x r + s + 2 = 0
[c { ( r + s )
s =o
n 2 } + cs 2 ]x r + s = 0, dimana c1 = 0 dan c 2 = 0
= c s 2
cs [(n + 2ns + s ) n ] = cs 2
2
cs (2ns + s 2 ) = cs 2
cs =
cs 2
untuk s 2
s ( s + 2n)
s = 1 c1 =
..
s = 2k c2 k = (1) k
c0
(2 4 6 8 2k ) (2 + 2n)(4 + 2n)(6 + 2n)(8 + 2n) (2k + 2n)
Perhatikan bahwa :
2 4 6 8 2k = (1 2) (2 2) (3 2) (4 2) (k 2)
= (1 2 3 k ) (2 2 2 2)
= k! 2 k
(2 + 2n)(4 + 2n)(6 + 2n)(8 + 2n) 2(k + n) = 2(1 + n)2(2 + n)2(3 + n)2(4 + n) 2(k + n)
n!
= 2 k (n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) (n + k )
n!
= 2k
cs = c2 k = (1) k
(n + k ) !
n!
pilihlah : c0 =
n!
1
sehingga cs = (1) k n
2 n!
2 n!k! 2 2 k (n + k )!
n
= (1) k
k! 2
n+2k
1
(n + k )!
y = cs x r + s
S =o
c
k =o
2k
xr + 2k
= (1) k
k =0
xr + 2k
k! 2n + 2 k (n + k )!
1
x
= (1)
k! (n + k )! 2
k =0
n+ 2k
= J n( x)
d2y
dy
+x
+ (x2 n2 ) y = 0
2
dx
dx
adalah
y = J n(x) ,
sehingga
persamaan
x
i
dz 1
=
dx i
misalkan x = iz z =
d
d dz 1 d
=
=
dx dz dx i dz
d2
d 1 d
=
2
dx
dx i dz
1 d 1 d
=
i dz i dz
d2
= 2
dz
d2y
1 dy
+ iz .
+ (i 2 z 2 n 2 ) y = 0
2
dz
i dz
2
dy
2 d y
+ z
( z 2 + n 2 ) y = 0, akan mempunyai jawab umum y = J n (iz ) atau
z
2
dz
dz
2
d y
dy
( x 2 + n 2 ) y = 0, akan mempunyai jawab umum y = J n (ix)
x2 2 + x
dx
dx
i2 z2
d 2 y 1 dy n 2
+
1 + y = 0, akan mempunyai jawab umum y = J n (ix)
dx 2 x dx x 2
Fungsi Bessel Kompleks (Jenis I) :
I n ( x ) = i n J n (ix)
1
ix
I n ( x ) = i (1)
s !(n + s )! 2
S =o
n
n+2s
Yn ( x) =
sin n
[ I n ( x) J n ( x)]
Fungsi Hankel :
H n(1) ( x) = J n ( x) + i Yn ( x)
H n( 2 ) ( x) = J n ( x) i Yn ( x)
3
2
ber ( x )
1
2
K 0 (i x) = Ker ( x) + i Kei ( x)
bei ( x )
J1(x)
Y0 (x)
Y1 (x)
x
-1
y
Io (x)
I1(x)
K1(x)
K0(x)
y
Ker (x)
Ber (x)
Bei (x)
x
Kei (x)
x
b
=
=
y
y
x
Z n (bx)
(
)
0
mempunyai
jawab
:
dx 2
4x2
2.
d 2 y 1 2a dy
a2 n2 c2
c 1 2
+
+
+
bc
x
(
)
y = 0, jawaban : y = x a Z n (bx c )
2
2
dx
x
x dx
[ (b x ) ]
3.
1
d2y
+ bx y = 0 , mempunyai jawab : y = x 2 Z 1
2
3
dx
4.
1
d2y
2
2
+
=
=
bx
y
y
0
,
mempunyai
x
Z1
jawab
:
4
dx 2
5.
d2y
+ (k 2 e 2 x n 2 ) y = 0 , mempunyai jawab : y = Z n (k e x )
2
dx
2
3
x2
2
1
2
b2
n2
d2y
dy
+ (1+ n)
+ y=0
2
dx
dx
Bukti :
n
ambil u = J n (2 x 2 ), sehingga y = x 2 u
y , = n2 x
n2 1
u + x 2u,
y ,, = n2 ( n2 1) x
n2 2
= n2 ( n2 1) x
n2 2
u n2 x
u nx
n2 1 ,
u n2 x
n2 1 ,
n2 1 ,
u + x 2 u ,,
u + x 2 u ,,
Dengan demikian :
x
d2y
n +1
n
n 1
= x 2 u ,, nx 2 u , n2 ( n2 1) x 2 u
2
dx
(1+ n)
dy
=
dx
(1 + n) x 2 u ,
n
2
(1 + n) x
n2 1
y =
x 2u
d2y
dy
n +1
n
n 1
n
+ y = x 2 u ,, + x 2 u , n2 ( n2 ) x 2 u + x 2 u ,
x 2 + (1 + n)
dx
dx
kalikan dengan x 2
sehingga didapat :
x
d2y
dy
2
+ (1 + n)
+ y = xu ,, + u , + ( n4 x 1 + 1)u
2
dx
dx
d 2u du n 2 1
+ + x +1u = 0 ...........................(1)
dx 2 dx 4
misal : t = 2 x 2 maka x 2 =
t
2
sehingga x =
t2
4
dan x 1 =
d
d dt
dt
d
1
1 d
=
= x 2 , maka
=x 2
, karena
dx dt dx
dx
dx
dt
2d
=
t dt
4
t2
, dengan demikian
d2
d 1 d
= x 2
2
dx
dx
dt
3 d
1 d d
= 12 x 2 + x 2
dt
dx dt
d2
3 d
= 12 x 2 + x 1 2
dt
dt
2
4 d 4 d
= 3 + 2 2
t dt t dt
Sehingga persamaan (1) menjadi
t2
4
4 d 2u 1 8 du 2 du n 2 4
2
+
3
+ 1 . 2 u = 0
2
4 t
2 t dt t dt
t dt
d 2u 1 du
n2
dt 2 t dt
t 2
t2
d 2u
du
+t
+ (t 2 n 2 ) u = 0 merupakan Persamaan Differensial Bessel
2
dt
dt
1
d2y
1
+x 2 y=0
2
dx
Jawab :
1
misal : y = x 2 u
1
y , = 12 x 2 u + x 2 u ,
3
y ,, = 14 x 2 u + 12 x 2 u , + 12 x 2 u , + x 2 u ,,
3
= 14 x 2 u + x 2 u , + x 2 u ,,
3
1
d2y
12 ,
1 2
2
=
x
u
+
x
u
+
x
u ,,
4
2
dx
x 2y=
1
d2y
1
1
3
1
+ x 2 y = x 2 u ,, + x 2 u , + (1 14 x 2 )u 0 , kalikan dengan x 2
2
dx
sehinggga didapat:
d 2u
12 14
1 du
+
x
+
x 2 u = 0
dx 2
dx
x
Dari rumus :
d 2 y 1 2a dy
+
+
dx 2
x dx
dengan demikian :
a 2 n 2c 2
c 1 2
(
bc
x
)
+
y = 0, dengan jawab y = x a Z n (bx c )
2
x
1 2a = 1
a=0
(c 1)2 = 12
c=
3
4
b =
4
3
b 2c 2 = 1
a 2 n 2 c 2 = 14 n = 23
jadi : u = Z 2
3
( x ), sehingga y = x Z ( x )
3
4
4
3
1
2
4
23 3
3
4
( x )+ B
4
3
3
4
x Z2
3
(x)
4
3
3
4
d 2 y 1 dy
+
k2y = A
2
dx
x dx
Jawab :
Tinjau rumus II :
d 2 y 1 2a dy
a 2 n 2c 2
c 1 2
a
c
+
+
+
bc
x
(
)
y = 0, dengan jawab y = x Z n (bx )
dx 2
x dx
x2
1 dy p
A
k 2 y p = A, maka : k 2 c = A jadi c = 2
x dx
k
y = yc + y p
= Z 0 (ikx)
A
k2
e2
(t 1t )
n = +
n =
( x) t n
atau :
1 n = +
exp t = J n ( x) t n
t n =
Bukti :
telah diketahui :
x x 2 x3 x 4
+
+ +
+ .........
1! 2! 3! 4!
ex = 1+
ex =
n = +
xn
n!
n =0
e2
(t 1t )
( t )k
k = x
2
e =
xt
2
(t )
= e2 e2
k!
k =0
Jadi : e
x
2
( 1t )
dan e
k =
(t 1t )
k!
k =
(t 1t )
( )
(1) r 2x t 1
=
r!
r =0
r =
( 2x t )k r = (1) r (2x t 1 )r
k =0
x
2
2x t 1
r!
r =0
r =
= (1)
k =0
( 2x )k + r t k r
r =0
k! r!
misalkan: k = n + r , sehingga n = k r
jadi n berkisar antar dan
x
e2
(t 1t )
n =
n =
x
Jadi :
e2
(t 1t )
r =
(1) r
r =0
n =
n =
( 2x )n+ 2 r t n
(n + r )! r!
( x) t n
e2
(t 1t )
n =
n =
( x) t n
x
2
(1 + )e (
(1 + ) J
n =
x
2
Jadi :
1
t2
x
2
1
t2
n =
t 1t )
n =
n =
n
n ( x) t =
( x) nt n 1
( x) nt n 1
n =
n =
n =
n
n
n 1
1
J
(
x
)
t
J
(
x
)
t
=
2
n
n
J n ( x) nt
t
n =
n =
n =
n =
n =
n =
n
n
n 1
x
1
J
(
x
)
t
J
(
x
)
t
=
2
n
n
2
J n ( x) nt
t
n =
n =
n =
ambil n = s -1
ambil n = s +1
ambil n = s
s =
s =
s =
x
J ( x) + J s +1 ( x) = s J s ( x)
2 s 1
s =
s =
s =
n =
n =
x
2
atau :
J s 1 ( x) + J s +1 ( x) =
2s
x
J s ( x)
J n 1 ( x) + J n +1 ( x) =
2n
x
J n ( x)
e2
(t 1t )
n =
n =
( x) t n
Jika diambil
1
2
(t t ) = (e
1
1
2
e j
= j 21j e j e j
= j sin
x
Jadi : e 2
(t 1t )
= e jx sin
n =
J n ( x) t n =
n =
maka : e jx sin =
n =
( x) e jn
( x) e jn
n =
n =
n =
n =
n =
n =
n =
n =
n =
( x) cos n
( x) sin n
( x){cos n + j sin n }
dan
Jelaslah bahwa :
cos( x sin ) = J 0 ( x) + 2[J 2 ( x) cos 2 + J 4 ( x) cos 4 + J 6 ( x) cos 6 + ........
(a )
k =
= J 0 ( x) + 2 J 2 k ( x) cos 2k
k =0
(b)
k =
= 2 J 2 k +1 ( x) sin( 2k + 1)
k =0
Catatan :
=
J 4 ( x) cos 4
J 4 ( x) cos 4
4
J 4 ( x) cos(4 )
= (1) J 4 ( x) cos 4
J 4 ( x) cos 4 + J 4 ( x) cos 4 =
2 J 4 ( x) cos 4
J 3 ( x) cos 3
J 3 ( x) cos(3 )
= (1) J 3 ( x) cos 3
J 3 ( x) cos 3
3
J 3 ( x) cos 3 + J 3 ( x) cos(3 ) = 0
=
J 4 ( x) sin 4
J 4 ( x) sin 4
J 4 ( x) sin( 4 )
= (1) 4 J 4 ( x) sin 4
J 4 ( x) sin 4 + J 4 ( x) sin 4 = 0
J 3 ( x) sin 3
J 3 ( x) sin( 3 )
= (1) 3 J 3 ( x) sin 3
J 3 ( x) sin 3
maka didapat :
(a)
= J 0 ( x) 2 (1) k J 2 k ( x) cos 2k
k =0
(b)
= 2 (1) k J 2 k +1 ( x) cos(2k + 1)
k =0
Contoh Soal :
k =
Bukti :
x
(t 1t )
n =
n =
x+ y
2
(t 1t )
n =
n =
Sedangkan :
x+ y
2
(t 1t )
( x + y ) t n ..................................................(1)
= e2
(t 1t )
r =
r =
e2
(t 1t )
( x) t r
s =
r = s =
r = s =
s =
( y) t s
( x) J s ( y ) t s + r
x+ y
2
(t 1t )
r = s =
r = s =
( x) J n k ( y ) t r .......................(2)
n =
( x + y) t n =
r = s =
r = s =
( x) J n k ( y ) t r
J n ( x + y ) = J k ( x) J n k ( y )
sehingga:
e2
(t 1t )
m=
m =
( )
2x t 1t
( x) t m
n =
(1)
n =
x
e2
(t 1t )
2x (t 1t )
J n ( x) t n
m =
n =
m =
n =
J m ( x) (1) n J n ( x) t m+ n
1=
m = n =
(1)
J m ( x) J n ( x) t m + n
m = n =
Ambil : p = m + n
Jadi : 1 =
m=p-n
(1)
p = n =
Pilih p = 0, maka 1 =
J p n ( x) J n ( x) t p
(1)
n =
1=
J n ( x) J n ( x)
{J
n =
( x)}2
2. Hitunglah :
Jadi : :
Catatan :
2. Hitung :
Jawab :
dapat menunju rumus :
dengan demikian : a = 4
3. Nyatakan
dalam
dan
Jawab :
Dari rumus (1)
Dari rumus (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------- (-
ambil n = 2
4.
Sehingga :
Sehingga :