UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL VETERAN

JAKARTA
POLA PERKEMBANGAN FUNGSI MOTORIK DAN
PERTUMBUHAN PADA BAYI USIA 3-6 BULAN DENGAN ASI
EKSKLUSIF DAN NON EKSKLUSIF

SKRIPSI
Diajukan Sebagi Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar
Sarjana Kedokteran

FERDILA KHALIDIA
111.0211.131

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL VETERAN JAKARTA

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA KEDOKTERAN
2014

DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL.................................................................................... i
DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................. ii
DAFTAR TABEL......................................................................................... v
DAFTAR BAGAN........................................................................................ vi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN................................................................................vii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
I.1. Latar Belakang...................................................................................... 1
I.2. Perumusan Masalah.............................................................................. 3
I.3. Tujuan Penelitian.................................................................................. 3
I.3.1. Tujuan Umum........................................................................... 3
I.3.2. Tujuan Khusus.......................................................................... 3
I.4. Manfaat Penelitian................................................................................... 4
I.4.1. Manfaat Teoritis........................................................................ 4
I.4.2. Manfaat Praktisis...................................................................... 4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
II.1. Konsep Teori......................................................................................... 6
II.1.1. ASI Eksklusif............................................................................ 6
II.1.1.1. Fisiologi Laktasi......................................................... 6
II.1.1.2. Komposisi ASI........................................................... 7
II.1.2. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemberian ASI............................. 9
II.1.3. Perkembangan Motorik............................................................. 10
II.1.3.1. Perngertian Gerak Motorik........................................ 10
II.1.3.2. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perkembangan
Motorik...................................................................... 10
II.1.3.3. Tahapan Perkembangan Motorik Bayi Usia
1-10 Bulan.................................................................. 11
II.1.3.4. Denver Development Skrinning Test (DDST)............ 14
II.1.3.5. Hubungan Pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan
Perkembangan Motorik.............................................. 14
II.1.4. Pertumbuhan Anak.................................................................... 15
II.1.4.1. Berat Badan................................................................ 15
II.1.4.2. Panjang Badan........................................................... 15
II.1.4.3. Lingkar Kepala........................................................... 15
II.1.4.4. Antropometri.............................................................. 15
II.1.4.5. Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan
Pertumbuhan Bayi...................................................... 16
II.2. Kerangka Teori....................................................................................... 17
II.3. Kerangka Konsep................................................................................... 18
II.4. Penelitian Terkait yang Pernah Dilakukan............................................. 19
II.5. Hipotesis Penelitian................................................................................ 21

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BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

III.1. Desain Penelitian.................................................................................. 22
III.2. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian................................................................ 22
III.3. Populasi dan Sampel............................................................................. 22
III.3.1. Populasi Penelitian.................................................................... 22
III.3.2. Sampel Penelitian...................................................................... 22
III.3.2.1 Kriteria Inklusi dan Eksklusi..................................... 23
III.3.2.2. Besar Sampel............................................................. 23
III.4. Identifikasi Variabel.............................................................................. 24
III.4.1. Variabel Bebas.......................................................................... 24
III.4.2. Variabel Terikat......................................................................... 24
III.5. Definisi Operasional............................................................................. 24
III.6. Jenis dan Metode Pengumpulan Data................................................... 26
III.6.1. Jenis Data.................................................................................. 26
III.6.2. Metode Pengumpulan Data....................................................... 26
III.7. Instrumen Penelitian............................................................................. 27
III.8. Prosedur Penelitian............................................................................... 27
III.8.1. Prosedur Administrasi............................................................... 27
III.8.2. Prosedur Teknis......................................................................... 28
III.8.2.1.
Pengukuran Antropometri Bayi................................. 28
III.8.2.2.
Penilaian Perkembangan Bayi................................... 30
III.8.3. Alur Penelitian.......................................................................... 34
III.9. Pengolahan Data................................................................................... 35
III.10. Analisis Data....................................................................................... 35
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
IV.1. Hasil Penelitian..................................................................................... 37
IV.1.1. Analisis Univariat...................................................................... 37
IV.1.1.1. Karakteristik Ibu......................................................... 37
IV.1.1.2. Karakteristik Bayi...................................................... 39
IV.1.1.3. Jenis Pemberian Nutrisi.............................................. 40
IV.1.1.4. Tingkat Imunitas......................................................... 40
IV.1.1.5. Ukuran Antropometri Berat Badan............................ 41
IV.1.1.6. Ukuran Antropometri Panjang Badan........................ 44
IV.1.1.7. Ukuran Antropometri Lingkar Kepala....................... 47
IV.1.1.8. Perkembangan Bayi................................................... 49
IV.1.2. Analisis Bivariat........................................................................ 52
IV.1.2.1. Pola Perkembangan Fungsi Motorik.......................... 52
IV.1.2.2. Pertumbuhan Bayi...................................................... 56
IV.2. Pembahasan........................................................................................... 61
IV.2.1. Deskripsi Responden................................................................. 61
IV.2.2. Jenis Pemberian Nutrisi Terhadap Pola Perkembangan............ 62
IV.2.3. Jenis Pemberian Nutrisi Terhadap Pola Pertumbuhan.............. 68
IV.3. Keterbatasan Penelitian......................................................................... 72
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
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V.1. Kesimpulan........................................................................................... 73
V.2. Saran..................................................................................................... 74
V.2.1. Bagi Petugas Kesehatan Masyarakat........................................ 74
V.2.2. Bagi Masyarakat....................................................................... 75
V.2.3. Bagi Institusi Pendidikan.......................................................... 75
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN

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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel

1
6
7
8

Tabel 9
Tabel 10
Tabel 11
Tabel 12
Tabel 13
Tabel 14
Tabel 15
Tabel 16
Tabel 17
Tabel 18
Tabel 19
Tabel 20
Tabel 21
Tabel 22
Tabel 23

Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin....................................... 39

Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Pemberian Nutrisi....... 40
Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Tingkat Imunitas.................. 41
Distribusi Perubahan Ukuran Antropometri Berat Badan
(gram) Setiap Bulan Pada Bayi Usia 3-6 Bulan........................... 42
Distribusi Rata-rata Perubahan Antropometri Berat Badan
(gram) Bayi Usia 3-6 Bulan Berdasarkan Jenis Pemberian
Nutrisi.......................................................................................... 43
Distribusi Perubahan Ukuran Antropometri Panjang Badan
(cm) Setiap Bulan Pada Bayi Usia 3-6 Bulan.............................. 45
Distribusi Rata-Rata Perubahan Antropometri Panjang Badan
(cm) Bayi Usia 3-6 Bulan Berdasarkan Jenis Pemberian
Nutrisi.......................................................................................... 45
Distribusi Rata-Rata Perubahan Antropometri Lingkar Kepala
(cm) Bayi Usia 3-6 Bulan Berdasarkan Jenis Pemberian
Nutrisi.......................................................................................... 47
Distribusi Rata-Rata Perubahan Antropometri Lingkar Kepala
(cm) Bayi Usia 3-6 Bulan Berdasarkan Jenis Pemberian
Nutrisi.......................................................................................... 48
Distribusi Responden Bayi Usia 3-6 Berdasarkan Hasil
Skrinning Perkembangan............................................................. 50
Distribusi Hasil Skrinning Perkembangan Motorik Bayi
Usia 3-6 Bulan Berdasarkan Status Nutrisi................................. 51
Distribusi Hasil Skrinning Perkembangan Motorik Bayi
Usia 3-6 Bulan Berdasarkan Status Nutrisi................................. 53
Distribusi Hasil Skrinning Perkembangan Motorik Bayi
Usia 3-6 Bulan Berdasarkan Status Nutrisi................................. 55
Uji Normalitas Rata-rata Perubahan Nilai Antropometri Bayi
Usia 3-6 Bulan Berdasarkan Status Pemberian Nutrisi............... 56
Distribusi Rata-rata Perubahan Berat badan (gram) Bayi
Usia 3-6 Bulan Berdasarkan Status Nutrisi................................. 58
Distribusi Rata-rata Perubahan Panjang Badan (cm) Bayi
Usia 3-6 Bulan Berdasarkan Status Nutrisi................................. 59
Distribusi Rata-rata Perubahan Lingkar Kepala (cm) Bayi
Usia 3-6 Bulan Berdasarkan Status Nutrisi................................. 60
Perkembangan Fungsi Motorik Bayi Usia 3 Bulan..................... 63
Perkembangan Fungsi Motorik Bayi Usia 6 Bulan..................... 66

DAFTAR BAGAN dan GRAFIK

Bagan 1
Bagan 2
Bagan 3
Grafik 1
Grafik 2
Grafik 3

Kerangka Teori Penelitian............................................................ 17

Kerangka Konsep Penelitian........................................................ 18
Alur Penelitian............................................................................. 34
Perbandingan Rata-rata Perubahan Antropometri Berat
Badan (gram) Bayi Usia 3-6 Bulan.............................................. 45
Perbandingan Rata-rata Perubahan Antropometri Panjang
Badan (cm) Bayi Usia 3-6 Bulan................................................. 46
Perbandingan Rata-rata Perubahan Antropometri Lingkar
Kepala (cm) Bayi Usia 3-6 Bulan................................................ 49

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