ABSTRACT
Intra Aor!c Balloon Pump (IABP) is a mechanical
cardiac-assist device that benets pa!ents with actual
or poten!al life-threatening circulatory problem. Intra
Aor!c Balloon Pump (IABP) reduces the resistance to le$
ventricular ejec!on and increases coronary and systemic
blood ow.
The technique for IABP therapy involves inser!on
of an 8 or 9.5 Fr helium-lled balloon via the femoral artery into the descending aorta. The device is preferably
inserted through an exis!ng vascular access site in an
a'empt to reduce the rate of vascular and hemorrhagic
complica!ons.
The balloon is synchronized to deate during
early systole, thus decreasing le$ ventricular (LV) a$erload. In turn, LV ejec!on frac!on (EF) and stroke volume
(SV) are enhanced, leading to reduced myocardial oxygen
consump!on. The balloon inates during early diastole,
thus increasing coronary blood ow and peripheral perfusion.
The IABP is usually commenced at a rate of 1 :
1. Once the benet of IABP therapy is thought to be concluded, pa!ents are usually gradually weaned from the
pump at rates of 1 : 2 to 1 : 3 over 6-12 h.
Key words : intra aor!c balloon pump, coronary blood
ow
ABSTRAK
Intra Aor!c Balloon Pump (IABP) merupakan alat
bantu jantung mekanik yang bermanfaat pada pasien
dengan dengan masalah sirkulasi yang nyata atau mengancam keselamatan. Intra Aor!c Balloon Pump (IABP)
dapat mengurangi resistensi ejeksi ventrikel kiri, serta
meningkatkan aliran darah koroner dan sistemik.
Teknik pemasangan IABP dilakukan dengan insersi balon yang diisi gas helium dengan ukuran 8-9.5 Fr
melalui arteri femoralis ke dalam aorta desendens. Alat
tersebut dimasukkan melalui jalur pembuluh darah un-
balon dapat mengurangi tekanan akhir diastolik kira-kira 15 mmHg dan juga mengurangi tekanan sistolik (assisted systolic pressure) kira-kira 5-10 mmHg.
Efek Hemodinamik
Efek hemodinamik dari IABP sebagian
besar dipengaruhi oleh fase-fase dari gagal
jantung. Beberapa perubahan hemodinamik
pen!ng yang terjadi pada penggunaan IABP
antara lain : 1-5
++
Curah jantung
++
Menurun
A$erload
Kontraksi miokard
Laju nadi
b. Indikasi bedah :
- Disfungsi miokard pascaoperasi
- Penyapihan (weaning) CPB
- Dukungan jantung sewaktu koreksi defek anatomis
- Mempertahankan patensi gra$ pascaoperasi CABG
- Pulsa!le ow selama CPB
Kontraindikasi absolut pemasangan IABP rela!f sedikit, di
antaranya:
a. Insuensi aorta yang berat (severe aor!c insuciency)
b. Aneurisma aorta atau abdominal
c. Penyakit kalsikasi aorta-iliaka yang berat
atau penyakit vaskular perifer
d. Pasien dengan penyakit terminal
e. Gangguan pembekuan darah yang berat
EKG
Laju nadi
Tekanan darah
Produksi urine
Kesadaran pasien
Curah jantung/index cardiac
antara 6-46%.7,9 Faktor risiko termasuk penyakit pembuluh darah perifer, diabetes tergantung insulin, wanita,
hipertensi, plak sklero!k di aorta, riwayat merokok, penyakit arteri koroner, obesitas, curah jantung rendah, dan
insersi pascaoperasi.10-14
Tabel 2. Komplikasi IABP10
During Insertions
Aortic dissection
Dislodgement of plague or obstruction of the femoral
artery cathether
Arterial perforation
During Pumping
Limb ischemia (most frequent complication)
Systemic or cerebral embolization of gas, plaque, or
cathether thrombi
Thrombocytopenia
Local or systemic infection
Aortic rupture
Helium emboli from the intraaortic balloon or central lumen of the cathether
Air emboli from inadvertent entry of air during flushings
of the central lumen when used for blood draws
(practice discouraged)
Intensive care unit-induced patient psychosis
Bleeding at the insertion site
Hemodynamic compromise resulting from poor balloon
inflation or deflation timing
Obstruction of major vessels (renal, left subclavian) by a
malpositioned intraaortic balloon
Compartment syndrome
During or After Cathether Removal
Dislodgement and embolization of plaque or cathether
thrombus
Site bleeding
Intraaortic balloon entrapment
Infection
SIMPULAN
Fungsi op!mal IABP untuk mengurangi resistensi
ejeksi ventrikel kiri, meningkatkan aliran darah koroner,
dan aliran darah sistemik dapat dicapai dengan penentuan waktu yang tepat antara inasi dan deasi balon
terhadap siklus jantung.
Saat ini, kemajuan teknologi memungkinkan
penggunaan IABP yang lebih aman untuk menunjang hemodinamik guna penanganan iskemik dan disfungi mio-
kard.
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