02 Geostruk 2013
02 Geostruk 2013
Firdaus Sulaiman
Beberapa Istilah
Stress Gaya yang
bekerja pada suatu
volume batuan
menyebabkan strain
(deformasi)
Strain perubahan
bentuk yang disebabkan
oleh stress
folding or faulting.
Massa
Gaya
Jenis Stress
Confining
pressure
Differential
stress
Fluid pressure
counteracts stress
Tension
Shear
Strain
Displacement
Rotation
At shallow depths,
most rocks break
Rocks flow in
deep conditions
Deep: minerals
may recrystallize
Deformasi
Deformasi terjadi jika batuan diberikan tekanan.
Jenis deformasi terbagi menjadi 3, yaitu
Elastis,
Ductile (plastis), dan
Brittle.
Strength of Rock
Small stress
Increase
stress
Too much
stress = failure
Strength of continental crust
Deformasi
Berdasarkan kecenderungannya
jika terkena tekanan.
batuan yang sifatnya brittle,
pecah (hancur) bila batas
elastisitas dilewati
Contoh : Fault (patahan)
batuan yang sifatnya ductile,
melengkung (berubah
bentuk) ketika batas elastis
dilampaui
Contoh : Fold (lipatan)
Types of Fractures
Joint:
crack where
rock pulled
apart
Fault: rocks
have slipped
past one
another
Cooling and
contraction
Small stress
Increase
stress
Too much
stress = failure
Continued slip
on fault
Patahan (fault)
Describing Faults
Strike
Dip
Hanging wall
Footwall
Describing Faults
Strike = orientation of
the line of intersection
between the plane of
interest and the
horizontal. Expressed
in terms of angle
(degrees) from north.
Dip = maximum
angular deviation
between the plane of
interest and the
horizontal. Expressed in
degrees.
Patahan (fault)
Tension
normal fault
Compression
Normal fault
reverse fault
(steep) or thrust
fault (shallow
angle)
Shear
Strike-Slip Faults
Patahan (fault)
Lipatan (Fold)
Syncline
Anticline
Layers can
be folded
Lipatan (Fold)
Anticline
Syncline
Lipatan (Fold)
Limb
Limb
Plunging fold:
if hinge is
inclined from
horizontal
Axial
Surface