DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Skema impact of jet..........................................................................6

Gambar 1.2 Air yang terdefleksi vane (a) Datar (b) Cekung...............................7

Gambar 1.3 Simetris Jet.......................................................................................7

Gambar 1.4 Asimetris Jet.....................................................................................8

Gambar 1.5 Sketsa Pengaturan Jockey Weight (a) Posisi awal (b) Posisi digeser
sejauh X..........................................................................................8

Gambar 1.6 Vane Symmetrical terhadap sumbu X...............................................9

Gambar 1.7 Nozzle Konvergen...........................................................................10

Gambar 1.8 Nozzle Divergen..............................................................................10

Gambar 1.9 Nozzle Konvergen-Divergen...........................................................11

Gambar 1.10 Aplikasi Alat Penyemprot Pestisida...............................................12

Gambar 1.11 Water Rocket...................................................................................13

Gambar 1.12 Steam untuk membersihkan motor.................................................13

Gambar 1.13 Roket NASA STS-212....................................................................14

Gambar 1.14 Jet fans ventilation system..............................................................14

Gambar 1.15 Keseluruhan Alat Percobaan...........................................................15

Gambar 1.16 Impact of Jet...................................................................................16

Gambar 1.17 Adjusting Nut dan Spring................................................................16

Gambar 1.18 Jockey Weight.................................................................................17

Gambar 1.19 Weight Beam...................................................................................17

Gambar 1.20 Tally................................................................................................18

Gambar 1.21 Plastic Strip....................................................................................18

Gambar 1.22 (a) Vane datar, (b) Vane cekung......................................................19

Gambar 1.23 Nozzle..............................................................................................19

Gambar 1.24 Supply Hose....................................................................................20

Gambar 1.25 Drain Pipe......................................................................................20

Gambar 1.26 Retaining Screw..............................................................................21

Gambar 1.27 Cover Plate.....................................................................................21

Gambar 1.28 Volumemeter...................................................................................22

Gambar 1.29 Delivery Valve.................................................................................22

Gambar 1.30 Pompa Sentrifugal..........................................................................23

Gambar 1.31 Motor Listrik...................................................................................23

Gambar 1.32 Pulsemeter......................................................................................24

Gambar 1.33 Load Cell........................................................................................24

Gambar 1.34 Stopwatch........................................................................................25

Gambar 1.35 Diagram Alir Pengujian Impact of Jet............................................28

Gambar 1.36 Grafik hubungan antara F dengan J pada Vane cekung 1500 rpm..34

Gambar 1.37 Grafik hubungan antara F dengan J pada Vane datar 1500 rpm.....35

Gambar 1.38 Grafik hubungan antara F dengan J pada Vane cekung 1800 rpm..36

Gambar 1.39 Grafik hubungan antara F dengan J pada Vane datar 1800 rpm.....37

Gambar 2.1 Pengembangan Lapisan Batas pada Perpindahan Panas Konveksi 43

Gambar 2.2 Mekanisme Konveksi Alami..........................................................44

Gambar 2.3 Mekanisme Konveksi Paksa...........................................................44

Gambar 2.4 Air Conditioner...............................................................................49

Gambar 2.5 Motor Bakar Diesel........................................................................51

Gambar 2.6 Skema Alat Pengujian Konveksi Paksa..........................................51

Gambar 2.7 Dioda Weatstone.............................................................................51

Gambar 2.8 Anemometer....................................................................................52

Gambar 2.9 Wattmeter........................................................................................52

Gambar 2.10 Kain Asbestos.................................................................................52

Gambar 2.11 Gips.................................................................................................53

Gambar 2.12 Kawat Fillamen...............................................................................53

Gambar 2.13 Regulator........................................................................................53

Gambar 2.14 Pipa Konveksi.................................................................................54

Gambar 2.15 Stopwatch.......................................................................................54

Gambar 2.16 Termodisplay..................................................................................54

Gambar 2.17 Blower............................................................................................55

Gambar 2.18 Sensor Thermocouple.....................................................................55

Gambar 2.19 Grafik Hubungan antara Suhu Dinding terhadap Waktu................72

Gambar 2.20 Grafik Hubungan antara Suhu Udara Keluar terhadap Waktu.......73

Gambar 2.21 Grafik Penurunan Suhu Dinding terhadap Waktu..........................73

Gambar 2.22 Grafik Data Kenaikan Suhu Udara terhadap Waktu.......................74

Gambar 2.23 Grafik Data antara Koefisien Perpindahan Panas dan Kecepatan .75

Gambar 3.1 Distribusi temperatur untuk konduksi steady-state melalui sebuah

dinding datar...................................................................................82

Gambar 3.2 Sketsa yang melukiskan nomenklatur untuk konduksi melalui

silinder berlubang...........................................................................83

Gambar 3.3 Struktur komposit dinding datar.....................................................83

Gambar 3.4 Skema alat untuk pengujian konduktivitas termal..........................84

Gambar 3.5 Aplikasi konduksi kehidupan sehari-hari.......................................89

Gambar 3.6 Steam boiler....................................................................................90

Gambar 3.7 Peralatan dan bagian-bagian pada pengujian konduktivitas termal90

Gambar 3.8 Rangka............................................................................................91

Gambar 3.9 Regulator........................................................................................91

Gambar 3.10 Wattmeter........................................................................................91

Gambar 3.11 Termokopel tipe K (4 buah)............................................................92

Gambar 3.12 Termodisplay..................................................................................92

Gambar 3.13 Pompa.............................................................................................92

Gambar 3.14 Stopwatch.......................................................................................93

Gambar 3.15 Kuningan........................................................................................93

Gambar 3.16 Aluminium......................................................................................93

Gambar 3.17 Silicone heat transfer......................................................................94

Gambar 3.18 Air...................................................................................................94

Gambar 3.19 Diagram alir pengujian.............................................................96107

Gambar 3.20 Grafik perbandingan temperatur dengan waktu...........................102

Gambar 4.1 Type A Free inlet and outlet......................................................107

Gambar 4.2 Type B Free inlet, Ducted outlet...............................................107

Gambar 4.3 Type C Ducted inlet, Free outlet................................................108

Gambar 4.4 Type D Ducted inlet and outlet..................................................108

Gambar 4.5 Skema tabung pitot.......................................................................109

Gambar 4.6 Pengukuran tekanan statik............................................................109

Gambar 4.7 Pendekatan koreksi kecepatan fluida............................................113

Gambar 4.8 Penampang Segi empat.................................................................113

Gambar 4.9 Profil kecepatan dalam saluran.....................................................114

Gambar 4.10 Ducting Sound Damping............................................................115

Gambar 4.11 Spiral Duct Grilles........................................................................115

Gambar 4.12 Alat Uji Ducting...........................................................................116

Gambar 4.13 Bench............................................................................................116

Gambar 4.14 Center duct section.......................................................................117

Gambar 4.15 Duct...............................................................................................117

Gambar 4.16 Sentrifugal fan..............................................................................117

Gambar 4.17 Fan stater......................................................................................118

Gambar 4.18 Throtle plate..................................................................................118

Gambar 4.19 Tabung Pitot dan transversing mechanism...................................118

Gambar 4.20 Three thermometer........................................................................119

Gambar 4.21 Manometer....................................................................................119

Gambar 4.22 Pressure conection........................................................................119

Gambar 4.23 End duct section............................................................................120

Gambar 4.24 Profil kecepatan dalam saluran.....................................................122

Gambar 4.25 Grafik Tekanan Absolut dengan Bukaan Dumper........................133

Gambar 4.26 Grafik Laju Aliran Volume...........................................................135

Gambar 4.27 Grafik Kecepatan dan Posisi.........................................................136